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# snag # snag
Snapshot Git - система резервного копирования на основе фиксации состояния файлов с помощью Git. `snag` (snapshot git) — это утилита командной строки для создания, управления и восстановления снимков данных. Она позволяет импортировать, экспортировать, создавать и восстанавливать снимки, а также управлять правилами отслеживания файлов.
## Сборка
Для сборки необходим предустановленный комплятор языка D (dmd/ldc/gdc), для удобства использовать пакетный менеджер dub:
```sh
dub build --build=release
```
## Использование ## Использование
### Описание файла конфигурации Основной формат команды:
--- ```bash
snag [флаги] [опции] команда
```
### Флаги
- `-h, --help` — Выводит справку.
- `--version` — Выводит версию утилиты.
### Опции
- `-c, --config <путь>` — Указывает путь к файлу конфигурации.
### Команды
- `init` — Инициализация репозитория для хранения снимков.
- `create` — Создание нового снимка.
- `import` — Импорт снимка из архива tar.gz.
- `export` — Экспорт снимка в архив tar.gz.
- `restore` — Восстановление состояния из указанного снимка.
- `list` — Вывод списка снимков.
- `diff` — Показ изменённых данных.
- `status` — Проверка статуса отслеживаемых файлов.
- `rules` — Управление правилами отслеживания.
- `size` — Отображение размера снимков.
## Подробное описание команд
### `snag init`
Инициализирует репозиторий для хранения снимков.
```bash
snag init [-h] [-f]
```
- `-f, --force` — Перезаписывает существующий репозиторий.
### `snag create`
Создаёт новый снимок.
```bash
snag create [-h] [--no-pre] [--no-post] [-c <комментарий>] [-a <автор>] [-e <email>]
```
- `--no-pre` — Выполнение без предкоманд.
- `--no-post` — Выполнение без посткоманд.
- `-c, --comment <значение>` — Указывает комментарий к снимку.
- `-a, --author <значение>` — Указывает автора снимка.
- `-e, --email <значение>` — Указывает email автора.
### `snag import`
Импортирует снимок из архива tar.gz.
```bash
snag import [-h] [--no-pre] [--no-post] [-c <комментарий>] [-a <автор>] [-e <email>] <путь_к_архиву>
```
- `--no-pre` — Без выполнения предкоманд.
- `--no-post` — Без выполнения посткоманд.
- `-c, --comment <значение>` — Комментарий к снимку.
- `-a, --author <значение>` — Автор снимка.
- `-e, --email <значение>` — Email автора.
- `<путь_к_архиву>` — Путь к файлу tar.gz.
### `snag export`
Экспортирует снимок в архив tar.gz.
```bash
snag export [-h] [-s <хэш_снимка>] <путь_к_папке>
```
- `-s, --snapshot <хэш>` — Указывает хэш снимка.
- `<путь_к_папке>` — Путь к папке для сохранения архива.
### `snag restore`
Восстанавливает состояние из указанного снимка.
```bash
snag restore [-h] [--no-pre] [--no-post] <хэш_снимка>
```
- `--no-pre` — Без выполнения предкоманд.
- `--no-post` — Без выполнения посткоманд.
- `<хэш_снимка>` — Хэш восстанавливаемого снимка.
### `snag list`
Выводит список снимков.
```bash
snag list [-h] [-c] [-a] [-e]
```
- `-c, --comment` — Показать комментарии к снимкам.
- `-a, --author` — Показать авторов снимков.
- `-e, --email` — Показать email авторов.
### `snag diff`
Показывает изменённые данные.
```bash
snag diff
```
### `snag status`
Проверяет статус отслеживаемых файлов.
```bash
snag status
```
### `snag size`
Отображает размер снимков.
```bash
snag size
```
### `snag rules`
Управление правилами отслеживания.
```bash
snag rules [-h] save|show|update|reset|clear
```
- `save` — Сохраняет правила.
- `show` — Показывает правила.
```bash
snag rules show [-h] [-c]
```
- `-c, --config` — Показать правила из файла конфигурации.
- `update` — Обновляет правила.
```bash
snag rules update [-h] [-r]
```
- `-r, --remove` — Удаляет игнорируемые файлы из отслеживания (Требуется повышенная осторожность!).
- `reset` — Сбрасывает правила до состояния внесенных изменений.
- `clear` — Очищает правила.
## Примеры использования
1. **Инициализация репозитория:**
```bash
snag init
```
2. **Создание снимка с комментарием:**
```bash
snag create -c "Начальный снимок" -a "Иван Иванов" -e "ivan@example.com"
```
3. **Импорт снимка из архива:**
```bash
snag import archive.tar.gz
```
4. **Экспорт снимка:**
```bash
snag export -s abc123 /path/to/output
```
5. **Восстановление снимка:**
```bash
snag restore abc123
```
6. **Просмотр списка снимков с комментариями:**
```bash
snag list -c
```
7. **Обновление правил отслеживания:**
```bash
snag rules update
```
## Конфигурация
Утилита `snag` поддерживает настройку через конфигурационный файл в формате JSON, который задаётся с помощью опции `-c` или `--config`. Этот файл определяет параметры работы утилиты, включая пути, автора, команды для выполнения до и после создания снимков, а также правила отслеживания файлов.
Пример использования конфигурационного файла:
```bash
snag -c /path/to/config.json create
```
### Пример конфигурационного файла
```json ```json
{ {
"git": "/tmp/testgit", "git": "/path/to/git/repository/dir",
"project": "/tmp/test", "project": "/path/to/project",
"email": "user@site.domain", "email": "user@site.domain",
"user": "snag" "author": "snag",
"presnag": [
"systemctl stop my.service"
],
"postsnag": [
"systemctl start my.service"
],
"rules": {
"tracking": [
"/first_dir/",
"/second_dir/*.conf",
"/second_dir/more/"
],
"ignore": [
"/second_dir/more/*.so"
]
}
} }
``` ```
1. **`"git"`** ### Описание полей конфигурационного файла
- *Тип:* Строка (путь)
- *Назначение:* Указывает расположение Git-репозитория
2. **`"project"`** - **`git`** (`string`): Путь к репозиторию для хранения снимков. В примере: `/path/to/git/repository/dir`. Этот путь используется при инициализации репозитория (`snag init`) для определения места хранения метаданных и снимков.
- *Тип:* Строка (путь)
- *Назначение:* Корневая директория для отслеживания состояния файлов
3. **`"email"`** - **`project`** (`string`): Путь к проекту или директории, файлы которой отслеживаются утилитой. В примере: `/path/to/project`. Указывает корневую папку, в которой `snag` будет создавать, импортировать или восстанавливать снимки.
- *Тип:* Строка (email)
- *Назначение:* Email автора коммитов в Git
4. **`"user"`** - **`email`** (`string`): Email автора снимков. Используется для метаданных снимков при выполнении команд, таких как `snag create` или `snag import`. В примере: `user@site.domain`. Может переопределяться опцией `-e` или `--email`.
- *Тип:* Строка
- *Назначение:* Имя пользователя для Git-операций
### Описание программы `snag` - **`author`** (`string`): Имя автора снимков. Используется для метаданных снимков. В примере: `snag`. Может переопределяться опцией `-a` или `--author`.
--- - **`presnag`** (`array of strings`): Список команд, выполняемых перед созданием или импортом снимка (если не указан флаг `--no-pre`). В примере:
- `systemctl stop my.service` — останавливает сервис `my.service` перед выполнением операции. Это может быть полезно для временной остановки сервиса, чтобы обеспечить целостность данных во время создания снимка.
#### **Общий синтаксис** - **`postsnag`** (`array of strings`): Список команд, выполняемых после создания или импорта снимка (если не указан флаг `--no-post`). В примере:
- `systemctl start my.service` — запускает сервис `my.service` после завершения операции. Это может использоваться для восстановления работы сервиса после создания или импорта снимка.
```bash - **`rules`** (`object`): Определяет правила отслеживания файлов.
snag [ОПЦИИ] [ГЛАВНАЯ_КОМАНДА] [ОПЦИИ] [АРГУМЕНТЫ] - **`tracking`** (`array of strings`): Список шаблонов файлов или директорий, которые отслеживаются утилитой. В примере:
``` - `/first_dir/` — отслеживается вся директория `/first_dir` и её содержимое.
- `/second_dir/*.conf` — отслеживаются все файлы с расширением `.conf` в директории `/second_dir`.
- `/second_dir/more/` — отслеживается вся директория `/second_dir/more` и её содержимое.
- **`ignore`** (`array of strings`): Список файлов или директорий, которые исключаются из отслеживания. В примере:
- `/second_dir/more/*.so` — игнорируются все файлы с расширением `.so` в директории `/second_dir/more`.
--- ### Примечания
#### **Основные команды** - Правила в разделе `rules` можно обновлять с помощью команды `snag rules update` или просматривать с помощью `snag rules show -c`.
- Если параметры, такие как `email` или `author`, указаны в командной строке (например, через `-e` или `-a`), они имеют приоритет над значениями из конфигурационного файла.
- Убедитесь, что пути, указанные в `git` и `project`, существуют и доступны для записи/чтения перед выполнением операций.
- Команды в `presnag` и `postsnag` должны быть корректными и доступными в системе, иначе выполнение операции может завершиться ошибкой.
| Команда | Описание | ## Лицензия
|------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `restore` | Восстановить проект до состояния указанного снимка |
| `init` | Инициализировать репозиторий для хранения снимков |
| `list` | Показать список доступных снимков |
| `status` | Проверить состояние отслеживаемых файлов (изменения с последнего снимка) |
| `create` | Создать новый снимок состояния проекта |
--- Лицензия GPL-2.0. Подробности см. в файле `LICENSE`.
#### **Флаги и опции** ## Контакты
| Опция | Описание | Для вопросов и предложений: alexander@zhirov.kz
|---------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `-h`, `--help` | Показать справку по команде |
| `--version` | Показать версию программы |
| `-c`, `--config` | Указать путь к файлу конфигурации (необязательно) |
---