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phobos/std/string.d
jmdavis 953d20157d Improvements to justification functions. 
rjustify and ljustify were renamed, and all of the justification
functions were updated to take on the filling ability of zfill, so
zfill is now scheduled for deprecation.
2011-06-12 16:59:50 -07:00

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// Written in the D programming language.
/**
String handling functions. Objects of types $(D _string), $(D
wstring), and $(D dstring) are value types and cannot be mutated
element-by-element. For using mutation during building strings, use
$(D char[]), $(D wchar[]), or $(D dchar[]). The $(D *_string) types
are preferable because they don't exhibit undesired aliasing, thus
making code more robust.
Macros: WIKI = Phobos/StdString
Copyright: Copyright Digital Mars 2007-.
License: $(WEB boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt, Boost License 1.0).
Authors: $(WEB digitalmars.com, Walter Bright),
$(WEB erdani.org, Andrei Alexandrescu),
and Jonathan M Davis
Source: $(PHOBOSSRC std/_string.d)
$(B $(RED IMPORTANT NOTE:)) Beginning with version 2.052, the
following symbols have been generalized beyond strings and moved to
different modules. This action was prompted by the fact that
generalized routines belong better in other places, although they
still work for strings as expected. In order to use moved symbols, you
will need to import the respective modules as follows:
$(BOOKTABLE ,
$(TR $(TH Symbol) $(TH Comment))
$(TR $(TD $(D cmp)) $(TD Moved to $(XREF algorithm, cmp) and
generalized to work for all input ranges and accept a custom
predicate.))
$(TR $(TD $(D count)) $(TD Moved to $(XREF algorithm, count) and
generalized to accept a custom predicate.))
$(TR $(TD $(D ByCodeUnit)) $(TD Removed.))
$(TR $(TD $(D insert)) $(TD Use $(XREF array, insertInPlace) instead.))
$(TR $(TD $(D join)) $(TD Use $(XREF array, join) instead.))
$(TR $(TD $(D repeat)) $(TD Use $(XREF array, replicate) instead.))
$(TR $(TD $(D replace)) $(TD Use $(XREF array, replace) instead.))
$(TR $(TD $(D replaceSlice)) $(TD Use $(XREF array, replace) instead.))
$(TR $(TD $(D split)) $(TD Use $(XREF array, split) instead.))
)
*/
module std.string;
//debug=string; // uncomment to turn on debugging printf's
import core.exception : onRangeError;
import core.vararg, core.stdc.stdio, core.stdc.stdlib, core.stdc.string,
std.conv, std.ctype, std.encoding, std.exception, std.format,
std.functional, std.metastrings, std.range, std.regex, std.stdio,
std.traits, std.typetuple, std.uni, std.utf;
public import std.algorithm : startsWith, endsWith, cmp, count;
public import std.array : join, split;
version(Windows) extern (C)
{
size_t wcslen(in wchar *);
int wcscmp(in wchar *, in wchar *);
}
version(unittest) import std.algorithm : filter;
/* ************* Exceptions *************** */
/++
Exception thrown on errors in std.string functions.
+/
class StringException : Exception
{
/++
Params:
msg = The message for the exception.
file = The file where the exception occurred.
line = The line number where the exception occurred.
next = The previous exception in the chain of exceptions, if any.
+/
this(string msg,
string file = __FILE__,
size_t line = __LINE__,
Throwable next = null)
{
super(msg, file, line, next);
}
}
/* ************* Constants *************** */
/++
$(RED Scheduled for deprecation in December 2011.
Please use $(XREF ctype, hexDigits) instead.)
0..9A..F
+/
immutable char[16] hexdigits = "0123456789ABCDEF";
/++
$(RED Scheduled for deprecation in December 2011.
Please use $(XREF ctype, digits) instead.)
0..9
+/
immutable char[10] digits = "0123456789";
/++
$(RED Scheduled for deprecation in December 2011.
Please use $(XREF ctype, octDigits) instead.)
0..7
+/
immutable char[8] octdigits = "01234567";
/++
$(RED Scheduled for deprecation in December 2011.
Please use $(XREF ctype, lowercase) instead.)
a..z
+/
immutable char[26] lowercase = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
/++
$(RED Scheduled for deprecation in December 2011.
Please use $(XREF ctype, letters) instead.)
A..Za..z
+/
immutable char[52] letters = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
/++
$(RED Scheduled for deprecation in December 2011.
Please use $(XREF ctype, uppercase) instead.)
A..Z
+/
immutable char[26] uppercase = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
/++
$(RED Scheduled for deprecation in December 2011.
Please use $(XREF ctype, whitespace) instead.)
ASCII whitespace.
+/
immutable char[6] whitespace = " \t\v\r\n\f";
/++
$(RED Scheduled for deprecation in December 2011.
Please use $(XREF uni, lineSep) instead.)
UTF line separator.
+/
enum dchar LS = '\u2028';
/++
$(RED Scheduled for deprecation in December 2011.
Please use $(XREF uni, paraSep) instead.)
UTF paragraph separator.
+/
enum dchar PS = '\u2029';
/++
$(RED Scheduled for deprecation in December 2011.
Please use $(XREF ctype, newline) instead.)
Newline sequence for this system.
+/
version(StdDDoc)immutable char[2] newline;
else version(Windows)immutable char[2] newline = "\r\n";
else version(Posix) immutable char[1] newline = "\n";
/**********************************
* $(RED Scheduled for deprecation in December 2011.
* Please use $(XREF ctype, isWhite) or $(XREF uni, isUniWhite) instead.)
*
* Returns true if c is ASCII whitespace or unicode LS or PS.
*/
version(StdDdoc) bool iswhite(dchar c);
else bool iswhite(C)(C c)
if(is(Unqual!C : dchar))
{
pragma(msg, softDeprec!("2.054", "December 2011", "isWhite",
"std.ctype.isWhite or std.uni.isUniWhite"));
return c <= 0x7F
? indexOf(whitespace, c) != -1
: (c == PS || c == LS);
}
/++
Compares two ranges of characters lexicographically. The comparison is
case insensitive. Use $(D XREF algorithm, cmp) for a case sensitive
comparison. $(D icmp) works like $(D XREF algorithm, cmp) except that it
converts characters to lowercase prior to applying ($D pred). Technically,
$(D icmp(r1, r2)) is equivalent to
$(D cmp!"toUniLower(a) < toUniLower(b)"(r1, r2)).
$(BOOKTABLE,
$(TR $(TD $(D < 0)) $(TD $(D s1 < s2) ))
$(TR $(TD $(D = 0)) $(TD $(D s1 == s2)))
$(TR $(TD $(D > 0)) $(TD $(D s1 > s2)))
)
+/
int icmp(alias pred = "a < b", S1, S2)(S1 s1, S2 s2)
if(isSomeString!S1 && isSomeString!S2)
{
static if(is(typeof(pred) : string))
enum isLessThan = pred == "a < b";
else
enum isLessThan = false;
size_t i, j;
while(i < s1.length && j < s2.length)
{
immutable c1 = toUniLower(decode(s1, i));
immutable c2 = toUniLower(decode(s2, j));
static if(isLessThan)
{
if(c1 != c2)
{
if(c1 < c2) return -1;
if(c1 > c2) return 1;
}
}
else
{
if(binaryFun!pred(c1, c2)) return -1;
if(binaryFun!pred(c2, c1)) return 1;
}
}
if(i < s1.length) return 1;
if(j < s2.length) return -1;
return 0;
}
int icmp(alias pred = "a < b", S1, S2)(S1 s1, S2 s2)
if(!(isSomeString!S1 && isSomeString!S2) &&
isForwardRange!S1 && is(Unqual!(ElementType!S1) == dchar) &&
isForwardRange!S2 && is(Unqual!(ElementType!S2) == dchar))
{
static if(is(typeof(pred) : string))
enum isLessThan = pred == "a < b";
else
enum isLessThan = false;
for(;; s1.popFront(), s2.popFront())
{
if(s1.empty) return s2.empty ? 0 : -1;
if(s2.empty) return 1;
immutable c1 = toUniLower(s1.front);
immutable c2 = toUniLower(s2.front);
static if(isLessThan)
{
if(c1 != c2)
{
if(c1 < c2) return -1;
if(c1 > c2) return 1;
}
}
else
{
if(binaryFun!pred(c1, c2)) return -1;
if(binaryFun!pred(c2, c1)) return 1;
}
}
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.icmp.unittest\n");
assert(icmp("Ü", "ü") == 0, "Über failure");
assert(icmp("abc", "abc") == 0);
assert(icmp("ABC", "abc") == 0);
assert(icmp("abc"w, "abc") == 0);
assert(icmp("ABC", "abc"w) == 0);
assert(icmp("abc"d, "abc") == 0);
assert(icmp("ABC", "abc"d) == 0);
assert(icmp(cast(char[])"abc", "abc") == 0);
assert(icmp("ABC", cast(char[])"abc") == 0);
assert(icmp(cast(wchar[])"abc"w, "abc") == 0);
assert(icmp("ABC", cast(wchar[])"abc"w) == 0);
assert(icmp(cast(dchar[])"abc"d, "abc") == 0);
assert(icmp("ABC", cast(dchar[])"abc"d) == 0);
assert(icmp(cast(string)null, cast(string)null) == 0);
assert(icmp("", "") == 0);
assert(icmp("abc", "abcd") < 0);
assert(icmp("abcd", "abc") > 0);
assert(icmp("abc", "abd") < 0);
assert(icmp("bbc", "abc") > 0);
assert(icmp("abc", "abc"w) == 0);
assert(icmp("ABC"w, "abc") == 0);
assert(icmp("", ""w) == 0);
assert(icmp("abc"w, "abcd") < 0);
assert(icmp("abcd", "abc"w) > 0);
assert(icmp("abc", "abd") < 0);
assert(icmp("bbc"w, "abc") > 0);
assert(icmp("aaa", "aaaa"d) < 0);
assert(icmp("aaaa"w, "aaa"d) > 0);
assert(icmp("aaa"d, "aaa"w) == 0);
assert(icmp("\u0430\u0411\u0543"d, "\u0430\u0411\u0543") == 0);
assert(icmp("\u0430\u0411\u0543"d, "\u0431\u0410\u0544") < 0);
assert(icmp("\u0431\u0411\u0544"d, "\u0431\u0410\u0543") > 0);
assert(icmp("\u0430\u0410\u0543"d, "\u0430\u0410\u0544") < 0);
assert(icmp("\u0430\u0411\u0543"d, "\u0430\u0411\u0543\u0237") < 0);
assert(icmp("\u0430\u0411\u0543\u0237"d, "\u0430\u0411\u0543") > 0);
assert(icmp("aaa", filter!"true"("aaa")) == 0);
assert(icmp(filter!"true"("aaa"), "aaa") == 0);
assert(icmp(filter!"true"("aaa"), filter!"true"("aaa")) == 0);
assert(icmp(filter!"true"("\u0430\u0411\u0543"d), "\u0430\u0411\u0543") == 0);
assert(icmp(filter!"true"("\u0430\u0411\u0543"d), "\u0431\u0410\u0544"w) < 0);
assert(icmp("\u0431\u0411\u0544"d, filter!"true"("\u0431\u0410\u0543"w)) > 0);
assert(icmp("\u0430\u0410\u0543"d, filter!"true"("\u0430\u0410\u0544")) < 0);
assert(icmp(filter!"true"("\u0430\u0411\u0543"d), filter!"true"("\u0430\u0411\u0543\u0237")) < 0);
assert(icmp(filter!"true"("\u0430\u0411\u0543\u0237"d), filter!"true"("\u0430\u0411\u0543")) > 0);
}
/*********************************
* $(RED Scheduled for deprecation in December 2011.
* Please use $(D toStringZ instead.)
*
* Convert array of chars $(D s[]) to a C-style 0-terminated string.
* $(D s[]) must not contain embedded 0's. If $(D s) is $(D null) or
* empty, a string containing only $(D '\0') is returned.
*/
version(StdDdoc) immutable(char)* toStringz(const(char)[] s);
else immutable(char)* toStringz(C)(const(C)[] s) if(is(Unqual!C == char))
{
pragma(msg, softDeprec!("2.054", "December 2011", "toStringz", "std.string.toStringZ"));
return toStringZ(s);
}
/++ Ditto +/
version(StdDdoc) immutable(char)* toStringz(string s);
else immutable(char)* toStringz(S)(S s) if(is(S == string))
{
pragma(msg, softDeprec!("2.054", "December 2011", "toStringz", "std.string.toStringZ"));
return toStringZ(s);
}
/++
Returns a C-style 0-terminated string equivalent to $(D s). $(D s) must not
contain embedded $(D 0)'s as any C functions will treat the first $(D 0)
that it sees a the end of the string. I $(D s) is $(D null) or empty, then
a string containing only $(D '\0') is returned.
+/
immutable(char)* toStringZ(const(char)[] s) pure nothrow
in
{
// The assert below contradicts the unittests!
//assert(memchr(s.ptr, 0, s.length) == null,
//text(s.length, ": `", s, "'"));
}
out (result)
{
if (result)
{
auto slen = s.length;
while (slen > 0 && s[slen-1] == 0) --slen;
assert(strlen(result) == slen);
assert(memcmp(result, s.ptr, slen) == 0);
}
}
body
{
/+ Unfortunately, this isn't reliable.
We could make this work if string literals are put
in read-only memory and we test if s[] is pointing into
that.
/* Peek past end of s[], if it's 0, no conversion necessary.
* Note that the compiler will put a 0 past the end of static
* strings, and the storage allocator will put a 0 past the end
* of newly allocated char[]'s.
*/
char* p = &s[0] + s.length;
if (*p == 0)
return s;
+/
// Need to make a copy
auto copy = new char[s.length + 1];
copy[0..s.length] = s;
copy[s.length] = 0;
return assumeUnique(copy).ptr;
}
/++ Ditto +/
immutable(char)* toStringZ(string s) pure nothrow
{
if (s.empty) return "".ptr;
/* Peek past end of s[], if it's 0, no conversion necessary.
* Note that the compiler will put a 0 past the end of static
* strings, and the storage allocator will put a 0 past the end
* of newly allocated char[]'s.
*/
immutable p = s.ptr + s.length;
// Is p dereferenceable? A simple test: if the p points to an
// address multiple of 4, then conservatively assume the pointer
// might be pointing to a new block of memory, which might be
// unreadable. Otherwise, it's definitely pointing to valid
// memory.
if ((cast(size_t) p & 3) && *p == 0)
return s.ptr;
return toStringZ(cast(const char[]) s);
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.toStringZ.unittest\n");
auto p = toStringZ("foo");
assert(strlen(p) == 3);
const(char) foo[] = "abbzxyzzy";
p = toStringZ(foo[3..5]);
assert(strlen(p) == 2);
string test = "";
p = toStringZ(test);
assert(*p == 0);
test = "\0";
p = toStringZ(test);
assert(*p == 0);
test = "foo\0";
p = toStringZ(test);
assert(p[0] == 'f' && p[1] == 'o' && p[2] == 'o' && p[3] == 0);
}
/**
Flag indicating whether a search is case-sensitive.
*/
enum CaseSensitive { no, yes }
/++
Returns the index of the first occurence of $(D c) in $(D s). If $(D c)
is not found, then $(D -1) is returned.
$(D cs) indicates whether the comparisons are case sensitive.
+/
sizediff_t indexOf(Char)(in Char[] s,
dchar c,
CaseSensitive cs = CaseSensitive.yes) pure
if(isSomeChar!Char)
{
if (cs == CaseSensitive.yes)
{
static if (Char.sizeof == 1)
{
if (c <= 0x7F)
{ // Plain old ASCII
auto p = cast(char*)memchr(s.ptr, c, s.length);
if (p)
return p - cast(char *)s;
else
return -1;
}
}
// c is a universal character
foreach (int i, dchar c2; s)
{
if (c == c2)
return i;
}
}
else
{
if (c <= 0x7F)
{ // Plain old ASCII
auto c1 = cast(char) std.ctype.tolower(c);
foreach (int i, Char c2; s)
{
auto c3 = cast(Char)std.ctype.tolower(c2);
if (c1 == c3)
return i;
}
}
else
{ // c is a universal character
auto c1 = std.uni.toUniLower(c);
foreach (int i, dchar c2; s)
{
auto c3 = std.uni.toUniLower(c2);
if (c1 == c3)
return i;
}
}
}
return -1;
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.indexOf.unittest\n");
foreach (S; TypeTuple!(string, wstring, dstring))
{
S s = null;
assert(indexOf(s, cast(dchar)'a') == -1);
s = "def";
assert(indexOf(s, cast(dchar)'a') == -1);
s = "abba";
assert(indexOf(s, cast(dchar)'a') == 0);
s = "def";
assert(indexOf(s, cast(dchar)'f') == 2);
assert(indexOf(s, cast(dchar)'a', CaseSensitive.no) == -1);
assert(indexOf("def", cast(dchar)'a', CaseSensitive.no) == -1);
assert(indexOf("Abba", cast(dchar)'a', CaseSensitive.no) == 0);
assert(indexOf("def", cast(dchar)'F', CaseSensitive.no) == 2);
string sPlts = "Mars: the fourth Rock (Planet) from the Sun.";
assert(indexOf("def", cast(char)'f', CaseSensitive.no) == 2);
assert(indexOf(sPlts, cast(char)'P', CaseSensitive.no) == 23);
assert(indexOf(sPlts, cast(char)'R', CaseSensitive.no) == 2);
}
}
/++
Returns the index of the first occurence of $(D sub) in $(D s). If $(D sub)
is not found, then $(D -1) is returned.
$(D cs) indicates whether the comparisons are case sensitive.
+/
sizediff_t indexOf(Char1, Char2)(const(Char1)[] s,
const(Char2)[] sub,
CaseSensitive cs = CaseSensitive.yes)
if(isSomeChar!Char1 && isSomeChar!Char2)
{
const(Char1)[] balance;
if (cs == CaseSensitive.yes)
{
balance = std.algorithm.find(s, sub);
}
else
{
balance = std.algorithm.find!
((dchar a, dchar b){return toUniLower(a) == toUniLower(b);})
(s, sub);
}
return balance.empty ? -1 : balance.ptr - s.ptr;
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.indexOf.unittest\n");
foreach (S; TypeTuple!(string, wstring, dstring))
{
S s = null;
assert(indexOf(s, "a") == -1);
assert(indexOf("def", "a") == -1);
assert(indexOf("abba", "a") == 0);
assert(indexOf("def", "f") == 2);
assert(indexOf("dfefffg", "fff") == 3);
assert(indexOf("dfeffgfff", "fff") == 6);
assert(indexOf(s, "a", CaseSensitive.no) == -1);
assert(indexOf("def", "a", CaseSensitive.no) == -1);
assert(indexOf("abba", "a", CaseSensitive.no) == 0);
assert(indexOf("def", "f", CaseSensitive.no) == 2);
assert(indexOf("dfefffg", "fff", CaseSensitive.no) == 3);
assert(indexOf("dfeffgfff", "fff", CaseSensitive.no) == 6);
}
string sPlts = "Mars: the fourth Rock (Planet) from the Sun.";
string sMars = "Who\'s \'My Favorite Maritian?\'";
assert(indexOf(sMars, "MY fAVe", CaseSensitive.no) == -1);
assert(indexOf(sMars, "mY fAVOriTe", CaseSensitive.no) == 7);
assert(indexOf(sPlts, "mArS:", CaseSensitive.no) == 0);
assert(indexOf(sPlts, "rOcK", CaseSensitive.no) == 17);
assert(indexOf(sPlts, "Un.", CaseSensitive.no) == 41);
assert(indexOf(sPlts, sPlts, CaseSensitive.no) == 0);
assert(indexOf("\u0100", "\u0100", CaseSensitive.no) == 0);
// Thanks to Carlos Santander B. and zwang
assert(indexOf("sus mejores cortesanos. Se embarcaron en el puerto de Dubai y",
"page-break-before", CaseSensitive.no) == -1);
}
/++
Returns the index of the last occurence of $(D c) in $(D s). If $(D c)
is not found, then $(D -1) is returned.
$(D cs) indicates whether the comparisons are case sensitive.
+/
sizediff_t lastIndexOf(Char)(const(Char)[] s,
dchar c,
CaseSensitive cs = CaseSensitive.yes)
if(isSomeChar!Char)
{
if (cs == CaseSensitive.yes)
{
if (c <= 0x7F || Char.sizeof == 4)
{
// Plain old ASCII or UTF32
auto i = s.length;
while (i-- != 0)
{
if (s[i] == c)
break;
}
return i;
}
// c is a universal character
auto sInit = s;
for (; !s.empty; s.popBack())
{
if (s.back == c) return s.ptr - sInit.ptr;
}
}
else
{
if (c <= 0x7F)
{ // Plain old ASCII
immutable c1 = cast(char) std.ctype.tolower(c);
for (auto i = s.length; i-- != 0;)
{
immutable c2 = cast(char) std.ctype.tolower(s[i]);
if (c1 == c2)
return i;
}
}
else
{ // c is a universal character
immutable c1 = std.uni.toUniLower(c);
auto sInit = s;
for (; !s.empty; s.popBack())
{
if (toUniLower(s.back) == c1) return s.ptr - sInit.ptr;
}
}
}
return -1;
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.lastIndexOf.unittest\n");
assert(lastIndexOf(cast(string) null, cast(dchar)'a') == -1);
assert(lastIndexOf("def", cast(dchar)'a') == -1);
assert(lastIndexOf("abba", cast(dchar)'a') == 3);
assert(lastIndexOf("def", cast(dchar)'f') == 2);
assert(lastIndexOf(cast(string) null, cast(dchar)'a', CaseSensitive.no) == -1);
assert(lastIndexOf("def", cast(dchar)'a', CaseSensitive.no) == -1);
assert(lastIndexOf("AbbA", cast(dchar)'a', CaseSensitive.no) == 3);
assert(lastIndexOf("def", cast(dchar)'F', CaseSensitive.no) == 2);
string sPlts = "Mars: the fourth Rock (Planet) from the Sun.";
assert(lastIndexOf("def", cast(char)'f', CaseSensitive.no) == 2);
assert(lastIndexOf(sPlts, cast(char)'M', CaseSensitive.no) == 34);
assert(lastIndexOf(sPlts, cast(char)'S', CaseSensitive.no) == 40);
}
/++
Returns the index of the last occurence of $(D sub) in $(D s). If $(D sub)
is not found, then $(D -1) is returned.
$(D cs) indicates whether the comparisons are case sensitive.
+/
sizediff_t lastIndexOf(Char1, Char2)(in Char1[] s,
in Char2[] sub,
CaseSensitive cs = CaseSensitive.yes)
if(isSomeChar!Char1 && isSomeChar!Char2)
{
if (cs == CaseSensitive.yes)
{
char c;
if (sub.length == 0)
return s.length;
c = sub[0];
if (sub.length == 1)
return lastIndexOf(s, c);
for (ptrdiff_t i = s.length - sub.length; i >= 0; i--)
{
if (s[i] == c)
{
if (memcmp(&s[i + 1], &sub[1], sub.length - 1) == 0)
return i;
}
}
return -1;
}
else
{
dchar c;
if (sub.length == 0)
return s.length;
c = sub[0];
if (sub.length == 1)
return lastIndexOf(s, c, cs);
if (c <= 0x7F)
{
c = std.ctype.tolower(c);
for (ptrdiff_t i = s.length - sub.length; i >= 0; i--)
{
if (std.ctype.tolower(s[i]) == c)
{
if (icmp(s[i + 1 .. i + sub.length], sub[1 .. sub.length]) == 0)
return i;
}
}
}
else
{
for (ptrdiff_t i = s.length - sub.length; i >= 0; i--)
{
if (icmp(s[i .. i + sub.length], sub) == 0)
return i;
}
}
return -1;
}
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.lastIndexOf.unittest\n");
assert(lastIndexOf("abcdefcdef", "c") == 6);
assert(lastIndexOf("abcdefcdef", "cd") == 6);
assert(lastIndexOf("abcdefcdef", "x") == -1);
assert(lastIndexOf("abcdefcdef", "xy") == -1);
assert(lastIndexOf("abcdefcdef", "") == 10);
assert(lastIndexOf("abcdefCdef", "c", CaseSensitive.no) == 6);
assert(lastIndexOf("abcdefCdef", "cD", CaseSensitive.no) == 6);
assert(lastIndexOf("abcdefcdef", "x", CaseSensitive.no) == -1);
assert(lastIndexOf("abcdefcdef", "xy", CaseSensitive.no) == -1);
assert(lastIndexOf("abcdefcdef", "", CaseSensitive.no) == 10);
string sPlts = "Mars: the fourth Rock (Planet) from the Sun.";
string sMars = "Who\'s \'My Favorite Maritian?\'";
assert(lastIndexOf("abcdefcdef", "c", CaseSensitive.no) == 6);
assert(lastIndexOf("abcdefcdef", "cd", CaseSensitive.no) == 6);
assert(lastIndexOf( "abcdefcdef", "def", CaseSensitive.no) == 7);
assert(lastIndexOf(sMars, "RiTE maR", CaseSensitive.no) == 14);
assert(lastIndexOf(sPlts, "FOuRTh", CaseSensitive.no) == 10);
assert(lastIndexOf(sMars, "whO\'s \'MY", CaseSensitive.no) == 0);
assert(lastIndexOf(sMars, sMars, CaseSensitive.no) == 0);
}
/**
* Returns the representation type of a string, which is the same type
* as the string except the character type is replaced by $(D ubyte),
* $(D ushort), or $(D uint) depending on the character width.
*
* Example:
----
string s = "hello";
static assert(is(typeof(representation(s)) == immutable(ubyte)[]));
----
*/
auto representation(Char)(Char[] s) pure nothrow
if(isSomeChar!Char)
{
// Get representation type
static if (Char.sizeof == 1) enum t = "ubyte";
else static if (Char.sizeof == 2) enum t = "ushort";
else static if (Char.sizeof == 4) enum t = "uint";
else static assert(false); // can't happen due to isSomeChar!Char
// Get representation qualifier
static if (is(Char == immutable)) enum q = "immutable";
else static if (is(Char == const)) enum q = "const";
else static if (is(Char == shared)) enum q = "shared";
else enum q = "";
// Result type is qualifier(RepType)[]
static if (q.length)
return mixin("cast(" ~ q ~ "(" ~ t ~ ")[]) s");
else
return mixin("cast(" ~ t ~ "[]) s");
}
unittest
{
auto c = to!(char[])("hello");
static assert(is(typeof(representation(c)) == ubyte[]));
auto w = to!(wchar[])("hello");
static assert(is(typeof(representation(w)) == ushort[]));
auto d = to!(dchar[])("hello");
static assert(is(typeof(representation(d)) == uint[]));
const(char[]) cc = "hello";
static assert(is(typeof(representation(cc)) == const(ubyte)[]));
const(wchar[]) cw = "hello"w;
static assert(is(typeof(representation(cw)) == const(ushort)[]));
const(dchar[]) cd = "hello"d;
static assert(is(typeof(representation(cd)) == const(uint)[]));
string s = "hello";
static assert(is(typeof(representation(s)) == immutable(ubyte)[]));
wstring iw = "hello"w;
static assert(is(typeof(representation(iw)) == immutable(ushort)[]));
dstring id = "hello"d;
static assert(is(typeof(representation(id)) == immutable(uint)[]));
}
/************************************
* $(RED Scheduled for deprecation in December 2011.
* Please use $(D toLower instead.)
*
* Convert string s[] to lower case.
*/
S tolower(S)(S s) if (isSomeString!S)
{
pragma(msg, softDeprec!("2.054", "December 2011", "tolower", "std.string.toLower"));
return toLower!S(s);
}
/++
Returns a string which is identical to $(D s) except that all of its
characters are lowercase (in unicode, not just ASCII). If $(D s) does not
have any uppercase characters, then $(D s) is returned.
+/
S toLower(S)(S s) @safe pure
if(isSomeString!S)
{
foreach (i, dchar cOuter; s)
{
if (!std.uni.isUniUpper(cOuter)) continue;
auto result = s[0.. i].dup;
foreach (dchar c; s[i .. $])
{
if (std.uni.isUniUpper(c))
{
c = std.uni.toUniLower(c);
}
result ~= c;
}
return cast(S) result;
}
return s;
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.toLower.unittest\n");
foreach(S; TypeTuple!(string, wstring, dstring, char[], wchar[], dchar[]))
{
S s = cast(S)"hello world\u0101";
assert(toLower(s) is s);
const S sc = "hello world\u0101";
assert(toLower(sc) is sc);
immutable S si = "hello world\u0101";
assert(toLower(si) is si);
S t = cast(S)"Hello World\u0100";
assert(toLower(t) == s);
const S tc = "hello world\u0101";
assert(toLower(tc) == s);
immutable S ti = "hello world\u0101";
assert(toLower(ti) == s);
}
}
/**
$(RED Scheduled for deprecation in December 2011.
Please use toLowerInPlace instead.)
Converts $(D s) to lowercase in place.
*/
void tolowerInPlace(C)(ref C[] s) if (isSomeChar!C)
{
pragma(msg, softDeprec!("2.054", "December 2011", "tolowerInPlace", "std.string.toLowerInPlace"));
toLowerInPlace!C(s);
}
/++
Converts $(D s) to lowercase (in unicode, not just ASCII) in place.
If $(D s) does not have any uppercase characters, then $(D s) is unaltered.
+/
void toLowerInPlace(C)(ref C[] s)
if(is(C == char) || is(C == wchar))
{
for (size_t i = 0; i < s.length; )
{
immutable c = s[i];
if ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z')
{
s[i++] = cast(C) (c + (cast(C)'a' - 'A'));
}
else if (c > 0x7F)
{
// wide character
size_t j = i;
dchar dc = decode(s, j);
assert(j > i);
if (!std.uni.isUniUpper(dc))
{
i = j;
continue;
}
auto toAdd = to!(C[])(std.uni.toUniLower(dc));
s = s[0 .. i] ~ toAdd ~ s[j .. $];
i += toAdd.length;
}
else
{
++i;
}
}
}
void toLowerInPlace(C)(ref C[] s) @safe pure nothrow
if(is(C == dchar))
{
foreach(ref c; s)
{
if(std.uni.isUniUpper(c))
c = std.uni.toUniLower(c);
}
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.toLowerInPlace.unittest\n");
foreach(S; TypeTuple!(char[], wchar[], dchar[]))
{
S s = to!S("hello world\u0101");
toLowerInPlace(s);
assert(s == "hello world\u0101");
S t = to!S("Hello World\u0100");
toLowerInPlace(t);
assert(t == "hello world\u0101");
}
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.toLower/toLowerInPlace.unittest\n");
string s1 = "FoL";
string s2;
s2 = toLower(s1);
assert(cmp(s2, "fol") == 0, s2);
assert(s2 != s1);
char[] s3 = s1.dup;
toLowerInPlace(s3);
assert(s3 == s2, s3);
s1 = "A\u0100B\u0101d";
s2 = toLower(s1);
s3 = s1.dup;
assert(cmp(s2, "a\u0101b\u0101d") == 0);
assert(s2 !is s1);
toLowerInPlace(s3);
assert(s3 == s2, s3);
s1 = "A\u0460B\u0461d";
s2 = toLower(s1);
s3 = s1.dup;
assert(cmp(s2, "a\u0461b\u0461d") == 0);
assert(s2 !is s1);
toLowerInPlace(s3);
assert(s3 == s2, s3);
s1 = "\u0130";
s2 = toLower(s1);
s3 = s1.dup;
assert(s2 == "i");
assert(s2 !is s1);
toLowerInPlace(s3);
assert(s3 == s2, s3);
// Test on wchar and dchar strings.
assert(toLower("Some String"w) == "some string"w);
assert(toLower("Some String"d) == "some string"d);
}
/************************************
* $(RED Scheduled for deprecation in December 2011.
* Please use toUpper instead.)
*
* Convert string s[] to upper case.
*/
S toupper(S)(S s) if (isSomeString!S)
{
pragma(msg, softDeprec!("2.054", "December 2011", "toupper", "std.string.toUpper"));
return toUpper!S(s);
}
/++
Returns a string which is identical to $(D s) except that all of its
characters are uppercase (in unicode, not just ASCII). If $(D s) does not
have any lowercase characters, then $(D s) is returned.
+/
S toUpper(S)(S s) @safe pure
if(isSomeString!S)
{
foreach (i, dchar cOuter; s)
{
if (!std.uni.isUniLower(cOuter)) continue;
auto result = s[0.. i].dup;
foreach (dchar c; s[i .. $])
{
if (std.uni.isUniLower(c))
{
c = std.uni.toUniUpper(c);
}
result ~= c;
}
return cast(S) result;
}
return s;
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.toUpper.unittest\n");
foreach(S; TypeTuple!(string, wstring, dstring, char[], wchar[], dchar[]))
{
S s = cast(S)"HELLO WORLD\u0100";
assert(toUpper(s) is s);
const S sc = "HELLO WORLD\u0100";
assert(toUpper(sc) is sc);
immutable S si = "HELLO WORLD\u0100";
assert(toUpper(si) is si);
S t = cast(S)"hello world\u0101";
assert(toUpper(t) == s);
const S tc = "HELLO WORLD\u0100";
assert(toUpper(tc) == s);
immutable S ti = "HELLO WORLD\u0100";
assert(toUpper(ti) == s);
}
}
/**
$(RED Scheduled for deprecation in December 2011.
Please use $(D capWords) instead.)
Converts $(D s) to uppercase in place.
*/
void toupperInPlace(C)(ref C[] s) if (isSomeChar!C)
{
pragma(msg, softDeprec!("2.054", "December 2011", "toupperInPlace", "std.string.toUpperInPlace"));
toUpperInPlace!C(s);
}
/++
Converts $(D s) to uppercase (in unicode, not just ASCII) in place.
If $(D s) does not have any lowercase characters, then $(D s) is unaltered.
+/
void toUpperInPlace(C)(ref C[] s)
if(isSomeChar!C &&
(is(C == char) || is(C == wchar)))
{
for (size_t i = 0; i < s.length; )
{
immutable c = s[i];
if ('a' <= c && c <= 'z')
{
s[i++] = cast(C) (c - (cast(C)'a' - 'A'));
}
else if (c > 0x7F)
{
// wide character
size_t j = i;
dchar dc = decode(s, j);
assert(j > i);
if (!std.uni.isUniLower(dc))
{
i = j;
continue;
}
auto toAdd = to!(C[])(std.uni.toUniUpper(dc));
s = s[0 .. i] ~ toAdd ~ s[j .. $];
i += toAdd.length;
}
else
{
++i;
}
}
}
void toUpperInPlace(C)(ref C[] s) @safe pure nothrow
if(is(C == dchar))
{
foreach(ref c; s)
{
if(std.uni.isUniLower(c))
c = std.uni.toUniUpper(c);
}
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.toUpperInPlace.unittest\n");
foreach(S; TypeTuple!(char[], wchar[], dchar[]))
{
S s = to!S("HELLO WORLD\u0100");
toUpperInPlace(s);
assert(s == "HELLO WORLD\u0100");
S t = to!S("Hello World\u0101");
toUpperInPlace(t);
assert(t == "HELLO WORLD\u0100");
}
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.toUpper/toUpperInPlace.unittest\n");
string s1 = "FoL";
string s2;
char[] s3;
s2 = toUpper(s1);
s3 = s1.dup; toUpperInPlace(s3);
assert(s3 == s2, s3);
assert(cmp(s2, "FOL") == 0);
assert(s2 !is s1);
s1 = "a\u0100B\u0101d";
s2 = toUpper(s1);
s3 = s1.dup; toUpperInPlace(s3);
assert(s3 == s2);
assert(cmp(s2, "A\u0100B\u0100D") == 0);
assert(s2 !is s1);
s1 = "a\u0460B\u0461d";
s2 = toUpper(s1);
s3 = s1.dup; toUpperInPlace(s3);
assert(s3 == s2);
assert(cmp(s2, "A\u0460B\u0460D") == 0);
assert(s2 !is s1);
}
/++
Capitalize the first character of $(D s) and conver the rest of $(D s)
to lowercase.
+/
S capitalize(S)(S s) @safe pure
if(isSomeString!S)
{
Unqual!(typeof(s[0]))[] retval;
bool changed = false;
foreach(i, dchar c; s)
{
dchar c2;
if(i == 0)
{
c2 = std.uni.toUniUpper(c);
if(c != c2)
changed = true;
}
else
{
c2 = std.uni.toUniLower(c);
if(c != c2)
{
if(!changed)
{
changed = true;
retval = s[0 .. i].dup;
}
}
}
if(changed)
std.utf.encode(retval, c2);
}
return changed ? cast(S)retval : s;
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.capitalize.unittest\n");
foreach (S; TypeTuple!(string, wstring, dstring, char[], wchar[], dchar[]))
{
S s1 = to!S("FoL");
S s2;
s2 = capitalize(s1);
assert(cmp(s2, "Fol") == 0);
assert(s2 !is s1);
s2 = capitalize(s1[0 .. 2]);
assert(cmp(s2, "Fo") == 0);
assert(s2.ptr == s1.ptr);
s1 = to!S("fOl");
s2 = capitalize(s1);
assert(cmp(s2, "Fol") == 0);
assert(s2 !is s1);
s1 = to!S("\u0131 \u0130");
s2 = capitalize(s1);
assert(cmp(s2, "\u0049 \u0069") == 0);
assert(s2 !is s1);
s1 = to!S("\u017F \u0049");
s2 = capitalize(s1);
assert(cmp(s2, "\u0053 \u0069") == 0);
assert(s2 !is s1);
}
}
/********************************************
* $(RED Scheduled for deprecation in December 2011.
* Please use $(D capWords) instead.)
*
* Capitalize all words in string s[].
* Remove leading and trailing whitespace.
* Replace all sequences of whitespace with a single space.
*/
S capwords(S)(S s) if (isSomeString!S)
{
pragma(msg, softDeprec!("2.054", "December 2011", "capwords", "std.string.capWords"));
return capWords!S(s);
}
/++
Capitalizes al words in $(D s). It also removes all leading and trailing
whitespace and converts all sequences of whitespace to a single space.
+/
S capWords(S)(S s)
if(isSomeString!S)
{
alias typeof(s[0]) C;
auto retval = appender!(C[])();
bool inWord = false;
size_t wordStart = 0;
foreach(i, dchar c; s)
{
if(isUniWhite(s[i]))
{
if(inWord)
{
retval.put(capitalize(s[wordStart .. i]));
inWord = false;
}
}
else if(!inWord)
{
if(!retval.data.empty)
retval.put(' ');
wordStart = i;
inWord = true;
}
}
if(inWord)
retval.put(capitalize(s[wordStart .. $]));
return cast(S)retval.data;
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.capWords.unittest\n");
foreach (S; TypeTuple!(string, wstring, dstring, char[], wchar[], dchar[]))
{
auto s1 = to!S("\tfoo abc(aD)* \t (q PTT ");
S s2;
s2 = capWords(s1);
assert(cmp(s2, "Foo Abc(ad)* (q Ptt") == 0);
s1 = to!S("\u0430\u0411\u0544 \uFF48elLO\u00A0\u0131\u0053\u0049\u017F " ~
"\u017F\u0053\u0131\u0130");
s2 = capWords(s1);
assert(cmp(s2, "\u0410\u0431\u0574 \uFF28ello\u00A0\u0049\u0073\u0069\u017F " ~
"\u0053\u0053\u0131\u0069"));
}
}
/********************************************
* $(RED Scheduled for deprecation in August 2011.
* Please use $(XREF array, replicate) instead.
*
* Repeat $(D s) for $(D n) times.
*/
S repeat(S)(S s, size_t n)
{
pragma(msg, softDeprec!("2.052", "August 2011", "repeat", "std.array.replicate"));
return std.array.replicate(s, n);
}
/**************************************
* Split s[] into an array of lines,
* using CR, LF, or CR-LF as the delimiter.
* The delimiter is not included in the line.
*/
S[] splitlines(S)(S s)
{
pragma(msg, softDeprec!("2.054", "December 2011", "splitlines", "std.string.splitLines"));
return splitLines!S(s);
}
/++
Split $(D s) into an array of lines using $(D '\r'), $(D '\n'),
$(D "\r\n"), $(XREF uni, lineSep), and $(XREF uni, paraSep) as delimiters.
The delimiter is not included in the strings returned.
+/
S[] splitLines(S)(S s)
if(isSomeString!S)
{
size_t iStart = 0;
size_t nextI = 0;
auto retval = appender!(S[])();
for(size_t i; i < s.length; i = nextI)
{
immutable c = decode(s, nextI);
if(c == '\r' || c == '\n' || c == lineSep || c == paraSep)
{
retval.put(s[iStart .. i]);
iStart = nextI;
if(c == '\r' && i + 1 < s.length && s[i + 1] == '\n')
{
++nextI;
++iStart;
}
}
}
if(iStart != nextI)
retval.put(s[iStart .. $]);
return retval.data;
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.splitLines.unittest\n");
foreach (S; TypeTuple!(char[], wchar[], dchar[], string, wstring, dstring))
{
auto s = to!S("\rpeter\n\rpaul\r\njerry\u2028ice\u2029cream\n\nsunday\n");
auto lines = splitLines(s);
assert(lines.length == 9);
assert(lines[0] == "");
assert(lines[1] == "peter");
assert(lines[2] == "");
assert(lines[3] == "paul");
assert(lines[4] == "jerry");
assert(lines[5] == "ice");
assert(lines[6] == "cream");
assert(lines[7] == "");
assert(lines[8] == "sunday");
s.popBack(); // Lop-off trailing \n
lines = splitLines(s);
assert(lines.length == 9);
assert(lines[8] == "sunday");
}
}
/*****************************************
* $(RED Scheduled for deprecation in December 2011.
* Please use $(D stripLeft) instead.
*
* Strips leading whitespace.
*/
String stripl(String)(String s)
{
pragma(msg, softDeprec!("2.054", "December 2011", "stripl", "std.string.stripLeft"));
return stripLeft!String(s);
}
/++
Strips leading whitespace.
+/
S stripLeft(S)(S s) @safe pure
if(isSomeString!S)
{
bool foundIt;
size_t nonWhite;
foreach(i, dchar c; s)
{
if(!isUniWhite(c))
{
foundIt = true;
nonWhite = i;
break;
}
}
if(foundIt)
return s[nonWhite .. $];
return s[0 .. 0]; //Empty string with correct type.
}
/*****************************************
* $(RED Scheduled for deprecation in December 2011.
* Please use $(D stripRight) instead.
*
* Strips trailing whitespace.
*/
String stripr(String)(String s)
{
pragma(msg, softDeprec!("2.054", "December 2011", "stripr", "std.string.stripRight"));
return stripRight!String(s);
}
/++
Strips trailing whitespace.
+/
S stripRight(S)(S s)
if(isSomeString!S)
{
alias typeof(s[0]) C;
size_t codeLen;
foreach(dchar c; retro(s))
{
if(isUniWhite(c))
codeLen += codeLength!C(c);
else
break;
}
return s[0 .. $ - codeLen];
}
/++
Strips both leading and trailing whitespace.
+/
S strip(S)(S s)
if(isSomeString!S)
{
return stripRight(stripLeft(s));
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.strip.unittest\n");
assert(stripLeft(" foo\t ") == "foo\t ");
assert(stripLeft("\u2008 foo\t \u2007") == "foo\t \u2007");
assert(stripLeft("1") == "1");
assert(stripRight(" foo\t ") == " foo");
assert(stripRight("\u2008 foo\t \u2007") == "\u2008 foo");
assert(stripRight("1") == "1");
assert(strip(" foo\t ") == "foo");
assert(strip("\u2008 foo\t \u2007") == "foo");
assert(strip("1") == "1");
}
/++
Returns $(D s) sans the trailing $(D delimiter), if any. If no $(D delimiter)
is given, then any trailing $(D '\r'), $(D '\n'), $(D "\r\n"),
$(XREF uni, lineSep), or $(XREF uni, paraSep)s are removed.
+/
S chomp(S)(S s)
if(isSomeString!S)
{
if(s.empty)
return s;
switch(s.back)
{
case '\n':
{
s.popBack();
if(!s.empty && s.back == '\r')
s.popBack();
break;
}
case '\r':
case lineSep:
case paraSep:
{
s.popBack();
break;
}
default:
break;
}
return s;
}
/// Ditto
S chomp(S, C)(S s, const(C)[] delimiter)
if(isSomeString!S && isSomeString!(C[]))
{
if(endsWith(s, delimiter))
{
static if(is(Unqual!(typeof(s[0])) == Unqual!C))
return s[0 .. $ - delimiter.length];
else
return s[0 .. $ - to!S(delimiter).length];
}
return s;
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.chomp.unittest\n");
string s;
foreach(S; TypeTuple!(char[], wchar[], dchar[], string, wstring, dstring))
{
// @@@ BUG IN COMPILER, MUST INSERT CAST
assert(chomp(cast(S)null) is null);
assert(chomp(to!S("hello")) == "hello");
assert(chomp(to!S("hello\n")) == "hello");
assert(chomp(to!S("hello\r")) == "hello");
assert(chomp(to!S("hello\r\n")) == "hello");
assert(chomp(to!S("hello\n\r")) == "hello\n");
assert(chomp(to!S("hello\n\n")) == "hello\n");
assert(chomp(to!S("hello\r\r")) == "hello\r");
assert(chomp(to!S("hello\nxxx\n")) == "hello\nxxx");
assert(chomp(to!S("hello\u2028")) == "hello");
assert(chomp(to!S("hello\u2029")) == "hello");
assert(chomp(to!S("hello\u2028\u2028")) == "hello\u2028");
assert(chomp(to!S("hello\u2029\u2029")) == "hello\u2029");
foreach(T; TypeTuple!(char[], wchar[], dchar[], string, wstring, dstring))
{
// @@@ BUG IN COMPILER, MUST INSERT CAST
assert(chomp(cast(S)null, cast(T)null) is null);
assert(chomp(to!S("hello"), to!T("o")) == "hell");
assert(chomp(to!S("hello"), to!T("p")) == "hello");
// @@@ BUG IN COMPILER, MUST INSERT CAST
assert(chomp(to!S("hello"), cast(T) null) == "hello");
assert(chomp(to!S("hello"), to!T("llo")) == "he");
assert(chomp(to!S("\uFF28ello"), to!T("llo")) == "\uFF28e");
assert(chomp(to!S("\uFF28el\uFF4co"), to!T("l\uFF4co")) == "\uFF28e");
}
}
}
/++
If $(D longer.startsWith(shorter)), returns $(D longer[shorter.length .. $]).
Otherwise, returns $(D longer).
+/
C1[] chompPrefix(C1, C2)(C1[] longer, C2[] shorter)
if(isSomeString!(C1[]) && isSomeString!(C2[]))
{
return startsWith(longer, shorter) ? longer[shorter.length .. $] : longer;
}
unittest
{
assert(chompPrefix("abcdefgh", "abcde") == "fgh");
assert(chompPrefix("abcde", "abcdefgh") == "abcde");
assert(chompPrefix("\uFF28el\uFF4co", "\uFF28el\uFF4co") == "");
assert(chompPrefix("\uFF28el\uFF4co", "\uFF28el") == "\uFF4co");
assert(chompPrefix("\uFF28el", "\uFF28el\uFF4co") == "\uFF28el");
}
/++
Returns $(D s) sans its last character, if there is one.
If $(D s) ends in "\r\n", then both are removed.
+/
S chop(S)(S s) if (isSomeString!S)
{
auto len = s.length;
if (!len) return s;
if (len >= 2 && s[len - 1] == '\n' && s[len - 2] == '\r')
return s[0 .. len - 2];
s.popBack();
return s;
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.chop.unittest\n");
assert(chop(cast(string) null) is null);
assert(chop("hello") == "hell");
assert(chop("hello\r\n") == "hello");
assert(chop("hello\n\r") == "hello\n");
}
/*******************************************
* $(RED Scheduled for deprecation in December 2011.
* Please use $(D leftJustify) instead.)
*
* Left justify string s[] in field width chars wide.
*/
S ljustify(S)(S s, size_t width) if (isSomeString!S)
{
pragma(msg, softDeprec!("2.054", "December 2011", "ljustify", "std.string.leftJustify"));
return leftJustify!S(s, width);
}
/++
Left justify $(D s) in a field $(D width) characters wide. $(D fillChar)
is the character that will be used to fill up the space in the field that
$(D s) doesn't fill.
+/
S leftJustify(S)(S s, size_t width, dchar fillChar = ' ') if(isSomeString!S)
{
alias typeof(S[0]) C;
if(cast(dchar)(cast(C)fillChar) == fillChar)
{
immutable len = s.walkLength();
if(len >= width)
return s;
auto retval = new Unqual!(C)[width - len + s.length];
retval[0 .. s.length] = s[];
retval[s.length .. $] = cast(C)fillChar;
return cast(S)retval;
}
else
{
auto dstr = to!dstring(s);
if(dstr.length >= width)
return s;
auto retval = new dchar[](width);
retval[0 .. dstr.length] = dstr[];
retval[dstr.length .. $] = fillChar;
return to!S(retval);
}
}
/*******************************************
* $(RED Scheduled for deprecation in December 2011.
* Please use $(D rightJustify) instead.)
*
* Left right string s[] in field width chars wide.
*/
S rjustify(S)(S s, size_t width) if (isSomeString!S)
{
pragma(msg, softDeprec!("2.054", "December 2011", "rjustify", "std.string.rightJustify"));
return rightJustify!S(s, width);
}
/++
Right justify $(D s) in a field $(D width) characters wide. $(D fillChar)
is the character that will be used to fill up the space in the field that
$(D s) doesn't fill.
+/
S rightJustify(S)(S s, size_t width, dchar fillChar = ' ') if(isSomeString!S)
{
alias typeof(S[0]) C;
if(cast(dchar)(cast(C)fillChar) == fillChar)
{
immutable len = s.walkLength();
if(len >= width)
return s;
auto retval = new Unqual!(C)[width - len + s.length];
retval[0 .. $ - s.length] = cast(C)fillChar;
retval[$ - s.length .. $] = s[];
return cast(S)retval;
}
else
{
auto dstr = to!dstring(s);
if(dstr.length >= width)
return s;
auto retval = new dchar[](width);
retval[0 .. $ - dstr.length] = fillChar;
retval[$ - dstr.length .. $] = dstr[];
return to!S(retval);
}
}
/++
Center $(D s) in a field $(D width) characters wide. $(D fillChar)
is the character that will be used to fill up the space in the field that
$(D s) doesn't fill.
+/
S center(S)(S s, size_t width, dchar fillChar = ' ') if(isSomeString!S)
{
alias typeof(S[0]) C;
if(cast(dchar)(cast(C)fillChar) == fillChar)
{
immutable len = s.walkLength();
if(len >= width)
return s;
auto retval = new Unqual!(C)[width - len + s.length];
immutable left = (retval.length - s.length) / 2;
retval[0 .. left] = cast(C)fillChar;
retval[left .. left + s.length] = s[];
retval[left + s.length .. $] = cast(C)fillChar;
return to!S(retval);
}
else
{
auto dstr = to!dstring(s);
if(dstr.length >= width)
return s;
auto retval = new dchar[](width);
immutable left = (retval.length - dstr.length) / 2;
retval[0 .. left] = fillChar;
retval[left .. left + dstr.length] = dstr[];
retval[left + dstr.length .. $] = fillChar;
return to!S(retval);
}
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.justify.unittest\n");
foreach(S; TypeTuple!(char[], wchar[], dchar[], string, wstring, dstring))
{
S s = to!S("hello");
assert(leftJustify(s, 2) == "hello");
assert(rightJustify(s, 2) == "hello");
assert(center(s, 2) == "hello");
assert(leftJustify(s, 7) == "hello ");
assert(rightJustify(s, 7) == " hello");
assert(center(s, 7) == " hello ");
assert(leftJustify(s, 8) == "hello ");
assert(rightJustify(s, 8) == " hello");
assert(center(s, 8) == " hello ");
assert(leftJustify(s, 8, '\u0100') == "hello\u0100\u0100\u0100");
assert(rightJustify(s, 8, '\u0100') == "\u0100\u0100\u0100hello");
assert(center(s, 8, '\u0100') == "\u0100hello\u0100\u0100");
}
}
/*****************************************
* $(RED Scheduled for deprecation in December 2011.
* Please use $(D rightJustify) with a fill character of '0' instead.)
*
* Same as rjustify(), but fill with '0's.
*
*/
S zfill(S)(S s, int width) if (isSomeString!S)
{
pragma(msg, softDeprec!("2.054", "December 2011", "zfill",
"std.string.rightJustify with a fillChar of '0'"));
return rightJustify!S(s, width, '0');
}
/**********************************************
* $(RED Scheduled for deprecation in August 2011.
* Please use $(XREF array, insertInPlace) instead.)
*
* Insert sub[] into s[] at location index.
*/
S insert(S)(S s, size_t index, S sub)
in
{
assert(0 <= index && index <= s.length);
}
body
{
pragma(msg, softDeprec!("2.052", "August 2011", "insert", "std.array.insertInPlace"));
std.array.insertInPlace(s, index, sub);
return s;
}
/************************************************
* Replace tabs with the appropriate number of spaces.
* tabsize is the distance between tab stops.
*/
S expandtabs(S)(S str, size_t tabsize = 8) if (isSomeString!S)
{
bool changes = false;
Unqual!(typeof(str[0]))[] result;
int column;
size_t nspaces;
foreach (size_t i, dchar c; str)
{
switch (c)
{
case '\t':
nspaces = tabsize - (column % tabsize);
if (!changes)
{
changes = true;
result = null;
result.length = str.length + nspaces - 1;
result.length = i + nspaces;
result[0 .. i] = str[0 .. i];
result[i .. i + nspaces] = ' ';
}
else
{
sizediff_t j = result.length;
result.length = j + nspaces;
result[j .. j + nspaces] = ' ';
}
column += nspaces;
break;
case '\r':
case '\n':
case PS:
case LS:
column = 0;
goto L1;
default:
column++;
L1:
if (changes)
{
if (c <= 0x7F)
result ~= cast(char)c;
else
std.utf.encode(result, c);
}
break;
}
}
return changes ? cast(S) result : str;
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.expandtabs.unittest\n");
string s = "This \tis\t a fofof\tof list";
string r;
int i;
r = expandtabs(s, 8);
i = cmp(r, "This is a fofof of list");
assert(i == 0);
r = expandtabs(cast(string) null);
assert(r == null);
r = expandtabs("");
assert(r.length == 0);
r = expandtabs("a");
assert(r == "a");
r = expandtabs("\t");
assert(r == " ");
r = expandtabs( " ab\tasdf ");
//writefln("r = '%s'", r);
assert(r == " ab asdf ");
// TODO: need UTF test case
}
/*******************************************
* Replace spaces in string s with the optimal number of tabs.
* Trailing spaces or tabs in a line are removed.
* Params:
* s = String to convert.
* tabsize = Tab columns are tabsize spaces apart. tabsize defaults to 8.
*/
S entab(S)(S s, size_t tabsize = 8)
{
bool changes = false;
Unqual!(typeof(s[0]))[] result;
int nspaces = 0;
int nwhite = 0;
size_t column = 0; // column number
foreach (size_t i, dchar c; s)
{
void change()
{
changes = true;
result = null;
result.length = s.length;
result.length = i;
result[0 .. i] = s[0 .. i];
}
switch (c)
{
case '\t':
nwhite++;
if (nspaces)
{
if (!changes)
change();
sizediff_t j = result.length - nspaces;
auto ntabs = (((column - nspaces) % tabsize) + nspaces) / tabsize;
result.length = j + ntabs;
result[j .. j + ntabs] = '\t';
nwhite += ntabs - nspaces;
nspaces = 0;
}
column = (column + tabsize) / tabsize * tabsize;
break;
case '\r':
case '\n':
case PS:
case LS:
// Truncate any trailing spaces or tabs
if (nwhite)
{
if (!changes)
change();
result = result[0 .. result.length - nwhite];
}
break;
default:
if (nspaces >= 2 && (column % tabsize) == 0)
{
if (!changes)
change();
auto j = result.length - nspaces;
auto ntabs = (nspaces + tabsize - 1) / tabsize;
result.length = j + ntabs;
result[j .. j + ntabs] = '\t';
nwhite += ntabs - nspaces;
nspaces = 0;
}
if (c == ' ')
{ nwhite++;
nspaces++;
}
else
{ nwhite = 0;
nspaces = 0;
}
column++;
break;
}
if (changes)
{
if (c <= 0x7F)
result ~= cast(char)c;
else
std.utf.encode(result, c);
}
}
// Truncate any trailing spaces or tabs
if (nwhite)
{
if (changes)
result = result[0 .. result.length - nwhite];
else
s = s[0 .. s.length - nwhite];
}
return changes ? assumeUnique(result) : s;
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.entab.unittest\n");
string r;
r = entab(cast(string) null);
assert(r == null);
r = entab("");
assert(r.length == 0);
r = entab("a");
assert(r == "a");
r = entab(" ");
assert(r == "");
r = entab(" x");
assert(r == "\tx");
r = entab(" ab asdf ");
assert(r == " ab\tasdf");
r = entab(" ab asdf ");
assert(r == " ab\t asdf");
r = entab(" ab \t asdf ");
assert(r == " ab\t asdf");
r = entab("1234567 \ta");
assert(r == "1234567\t\ta");
r = entab("1234567 \ta");
assert(r == "1234567\t\ta");
r = entab("1234567 \ta");
assert(r == "1234567\t\ta");
r = entab("1234567 \ta");
assert(r == "1234567\t\ta");
r = entab("1234567 \ta");
assert(r == "1234567\t\ta");
r = entab("1234567 \ta");
assert(r == "1234567\t\ta");
r = entab("1234567 \ta");
assert(r == "1234567\t\ta");
r = entab("1234567 \ta");
assert(r == "1234567\t\ta");
r = entab("1234567 \ta");
assert(r == "1234567\t\t\ta");
// TODO: need UTF test case
}
/************************************
* Construct translation table for translate().
* BUG: only works with ASCII
*/
string maketrans(in char[] from, in char[] to)
in
{
assert(from.length == to.length);
assert(from.length <= 128);
foreach (char c; from)
{
assert(c <= 0x7F);
}
foreach (char c; to)
{
assert(c <= 0x7F);
}
}
body
{
char[] t = new char[256];
foreach (i; 0 .. t.length)
t[i] = cast(char)i;
foreach (i; 0 .. from.length)
t[from[i]] = to[i];
return assumeUnique(t);
}
/******************************************
* Translate characters in s[] using table created by maketrans().
* Delete chars in delchars[].
* BUG: only works with ASCII
*/
string translate(in char[] s, in char[] transtab, in char[] delchars)
in
{
assert(transtab.length == 256);
}
body
{
bool[256] deltab;
deltab[] = false;
foreach (char c; delchars)
{
deltab[c] = true;
}
size_t count = 0;
foreach (char c; s)
{
if (!deltab[c])
count++;
//printf("s[%d] = '%c', count = %d\n", i, s[i], count);
}
auto r = new char[count];
count = 0;
foreach (char c; s)
{
if (!deltab[c])
{
r[count] = transtab[c];
count++;
}
}
return assumeUnique(r);
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.translate.unittest\n");
string from = "abcdef";
string to = "ABCDEF";
string s = "The quick dog fox";
string t;
string r;
int i;
t = maketrans(from, to);
r = translate(s, t, "kg");
//printf("r = '%.*s'\n", r);
i = cmp(r, "ThE quiC Do Fox");
assert(i == 0);
}
private:
// @@@BUG@@@ workaround for bugzilla 2479
string bug2479format(TypeInfo[] arguments, va_list argptr)
{
char[] s;
void putc(dchar c)
{
std.utf.encode(s, c);
}
std.format.doFormat(&putc, arguments, argptr);
return assumeUnique(s);
}
// @@@BUG@@@ workaround for bugzilla 2479
char[] bug2479sformat(char[] s, TypeInfo[] arguments, va_list argptr)
{ size_t i;
void putc(dchar c)
{
if (c <= 0x7F)
{
if (i >= s.length)
onRangeError("std.string.sformat", 0);
s[i] = cast(char)c;
++i;
}
else
{ char[4] buf;
auto b = std.utf.toUTF8(buf, c);
if (i + b.length > s.length)
onRangeError("std.string.sformat", 0);
s[i..i+b.length] = b[];
i += b.length;
}
}
std.format.doFormat(&putc, arguments, argptr);
return s[0 .. i];
}
public:
/*****************************************************
* Format arguments into a string.
*/
string format(...)
{
/+ // @@@BUG@@@ Fails due to regression bug 2479.
char[] s;
void putc(dchar c)
{
std.utf.encode(s, c);
}
std.format.doFormat(&putc, _arguments, _argptr);
return assumeUnique(s);
+/
return bug2479format(_arguments, _argptr);
}
/*****************************************************
* Format arguments into string <i>s</i> which must be large
* enough to hold the result. Throws RangeError if it is not.
* Returns: s
*/
char[] sformat(char[] s, ...)
{
/+ // @@@BUG@@@ Fails due to regression bug 2479.
size_t i;
void putc(dchar c)
{
if (c <= 0x7F)
{
if (i >= s.length)
onRangeError("std.string.sformat", 0);
s[i] = cast(char)c;
++i;
}
else
{ char[4] buf;
auto b = std.utf.toUTF8(buf, c);
if (i + b.length > s.length)
onRangeError("std.string.sformat", 0);
s[i..i+b.length] = b[];
i += b.length;
}
}
std.format.doFormat(&putc, _arguments, _argptr);
return s[0 .. i];
+/
return bug2479sformat(s, _arguments, _argptr);
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("std.string.format.unittest\n");
string r;
int i;
/+
r = format(null);
i = cmp(r, "");
assert(i == 0);
+/
r = format("foo");
i = cmp(r, "foo");
assert(i == 0);
r = format("foo%%");
i = cmp(r, "foo%");
assert(i == 0);
r = format("foo%s", 'C');
i = cmp(r, "fooC");
assert(i == 0);
r = format("%s foo", "bar");
i = cmp(r, "bar foo");
assert(i == 0);
r = format("%s foo %s", "bar", "abc");
i = cmp(r, "bar foo abc");
assert(i == 0);
r = format("foo %d", -123);
i = cmp(r, "foo -123");
assert(i == 0);
r = format("foo %d", 123);
i = cmp(r, "foo 123");
assert(i == 0);
}
/***********************************************
* See if character c is in the pattern.
* Patterns:
*
* A <i>pattern</i> is an array of characters much like a <i>character
* class</i> in regular expressions. A sequence of characters
* can be given, such as "abcde". The '-' can represent a range
* of characters, as "a-e" represents the same pattern as "abcde".
* "a-fA-F0-9" represents all the hex characters.
* If the first character of a pattern is '^', then the pattern
* is negated, i.e. "^0-9" means any character except a digit.
* The functions inPattern, <b>countchars</b>, <b>removeschars</b>,
* and <b>squeeze</b>
* use patterns.
*
* Note: In the future, the pattern syntax may be improved
* to be more like regular expression character classes.
*/
bool inPattern(S)(dchar c, in S pattern) if (isSomeString!S)
{
bool result = false;
int range = 0;
dchar lastc;
foreach (size_t i, dchar p; pattern)
{
if (p == '^' && i == 0)
{ result = true;
if (i + 1 == pattern.length)
return (c == p); // or should this be an error?
}
else if (range)
{
range = 0;
if (lastc <= c && c <= p || c == p)
return !result;
}
else if (p == '-' && i > result && i + 1 < pattern.length)
{
range = 1;
continue;
}
else if (c == p)
return !result;
lastc = p;
}
return result;
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("std.string.inPattern.unittest\n");
int i;
i = inPattern('x', "x");
assert(i == 1);
i = inPattern('x', "y");
assert(i == 0);
i = inPattern('x', cast(string)null);
assert(i == 0);
i = inPattern('x', "^y");
assert(i == 1);
i = inPattern('x', "yxxy");
assert(i == 1);
i = inPattern('x', "^yxxy");
assert(i == 0);
i = inPattern('x', "^abcd");
assert(i == 1);
i = inPattern('^', "^^");
assert(i == 0);
i = inPattern('^', "^");
assert(i == 1);
i = inPattern('^', "a^");
assert(i == 1);
i = inPattern('x', "a-z");
assert(i == 1);
i = inPattern('x', "A-Z");
assert(i == 0);
i = inPattern('x', "^a-z");
assert(i == 0);
i = inPattern('x', "^A-Z");
assert(i == 1);
i = inPattern('-', "a-");
assert(i == 1);
i = inPattern('-', "^A-");
assert(i == 0);
i = inPattern('a', "z-a");
assert(i == 1);
i = inPattern('z', "z-a");
assert(i == 1);
i = inPattern('x', "z-a");
assert(i == 0);
}
/***********************************************
* See if character c is in the intersection of the patterns.
*/
bool inPattern(S)(dchar c, S[] patterns) if (isSomeString!S)
{
foreach (string pattern; patterns)
{
if (!inPattern(c, pattern))
{
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/********************************************
* Count characters in s that match pattern.
*/
size_t countchars(S, S1)(S s, in S1 pattern) if (isSomeString!S && isSomeString!S1)
{
size_t count;
foreach (dchar c; s)
{
count += inPattern(c, pattern);
}
return count;
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("std.string.count.unittest\n");
size_t c;
c = countchars("abc", "a-c");
assert(c == 3);
c = countchars("hello world", "or");
assert(c == 3);
}
/********************************************
* Return string that is s with all characters removed that match pattern.
*/
S removechars(S)(S s, in S pattern) if (isSomeString!S)
{
Unqual!(typeof(s[0]))[] r;
bool changed = false;
foreach (size_t i, dchar c; s)
{
if (inPattern(c, pattern)){
if (!changed)
{
changed = true;
r = s[0 .. i].dup;
}
continue;
}
if (changed)
{
std.utf.encode(r, c);
}
}
return (changed? cast(S) r : s);
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("std.string.removechars.unittest\n");
string r;
r = removechars("abc", "a-c");
assert(r.length == 0);
r = removechars("hello world", "or");
assert(r == "hell wld");
r = removechars("hello world", "d");
assert(r == "hello worl");
r = removechars("hah", "h");
assert(r == "a");
}
/***************************************************
* Return string where sequences of a character in s[] from pattern[]
* are replaced with a single instance of that character.
* If pattern is null, it defaults to all characters.
*/
S squeeze(S)(S s, in S pattern = null)
{
Unqual!(typeof(s[0]))[] r;
dchar lastc;
size_t lasti;
int run;
bool changed;
foreach (size_t i, dchar c; s)
{
if (run && lastc == c)
{
changed = true;
}
else if (pattern is null || inPattern(c, pattern))
{
run = 1;
if (changed)
{ if (r is null)
r = s[0 .. lasti].dup;
std.utf.encode(r, c);
}
else
lasti = i + std.utf.stride(s, i);
lastc = c;
}
else
{
run = 0;
if (changed)
{ if (r is null)
r = s[0 .. lasti].dup;
std.utf.encode(r, c);
}
}
}
return changed ? ((r is null) ? s[0 .. lasti] : cast(S) r) : s;
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("std.string.squeeze.unittest\n");
string s,r;
r = squeeze("hello");
//writefln("r = '%s'", r);
assert(r == "helo");
s = "abcd";
r = squeeze(s);
assert(r is s);
s = "xyzz";
r = squeeze(s);
assert(r.ptr == s.ptr); // should just be a slice
r = squeeze("hello goodbyee", "oe");
assert(r == "hello godbye");
}
/***************************************************************
Finds the position $(D_PARAM pos) of the first character in $(D_PARAM
s) that does not match $(D_PARAM pattern) (in the terminology used by
$(LINK2 std_string.html,inPattern)). Updates $(D_PARAM s =
s[pos..$]). Returns the slice from the beginning of the original
(before update) string up to, and excluding, $(D_PARAM pos).
Example:
---
string s = "123abc";
string t = munch(s, "0123456789");
assert(t == "123" && s == "abc");
t = munch(s, "0123456789");
assert(t == "" && s == "abc");
---
The $(D_PARAM munch) function is mostly convenient for skipping
certain category of characters (e.g. whitespace) when parsing
strings. (In such cases, the return value is not used.)
*/
S1 munch(S1, S2)(ref S1 s, S2 pattern)
{
size_t j = s.length;
foreach (i, c; s)
{
if (!inPattern(c, pattern))
{
j = i;
break;
}
}
scope(exit) s = s[j .. $];
return s[0 .. j];
}
unittest
{
string s = "123abc";
string t = munch(s, "0123456789");
assert(t == "123" && s == "abc");
t = munch(s, "0123456789");
assert(t == "" && s == "abc");
}
/**********************************************
* Return string that is the 'successor' to s[].
* If the rightmost character is a-zA-Z0-9, it is incremented within
* its case or digits. If it generates a carry, the process is
* repeated with the one to its immediate left.
*/
S succ(S)(S s) if (isSomeString!S)
{
if (s.length && isalnum(s[$ - 1]))
{
auto r = s.dup;
size_t i = r.length - 1;
while (1)
{
dchar c = s[i];
dchar carry;
switch (c)
{
case '9':
c = '0';
carry = '1';
goto Lcarry;
case 'z':
case 'Z':
c -= 'Z' - 'A';
carry = c;
Lcarry:
r[i] = cast(char)c;
if (i == 0)
{
auto t = new typeof(r[0])[r.length + 1];
t[0] = cast(char) carry;
t[1 .. $] = r[];
return assumeUnique(t);
}
i--;
break;
default:
if (std.ctype.isalnum(c))
r[i]++;
return cast(S) r;
}
}
}
return s;
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("std.string.succ.unittest\n");
string r;
r = succ(cast(string) null);
assert(r is null);
r = succ("!@#$%");
assert(r == "!@#$%");
r = succ("1");
assert(r == "2");
r = succ("9");
assert(r == "10");
r = succ("999");
assert(r == "1000");
r = succ("zz99");
assert(r == "aaa00");
}
/***********************************************
* Replaces characters in str[] that are in from[]
* with corresponding characters in to[] and returns the resulting
* string.
* Params:
* modifiers = a string of modifier characters
* Modifiers:
<table border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5>
<tr> <th>Modifier <th>Description
<tr> <td><b>c</b> <td>Complement the list of characters in from[]
<tr> <td><b>d</b> <td>Removes matching characters with no corresponding replacement in to[]
<tr> <td><b>s</b> <td>Removes adjacent duplicates in the replaced characters
</table>
If modifier <b>d</b> is present, then the number of characters
in to[] may be only 0 or 1.
If modifier <b>d</b> is not present and to[] is null,
then to[] is taken _to be the same as from[].
If modifier <b>d</b> is not present and to[] is shorter
than from[], then to[] is extended by replicating the
last character in to[].
Both from[] and to[] may contain ranges using the <b>-</b>
character, for example <b>a-d</b> is synonymous with <b>abcd</b>.
Neither accept a leading <b>^</b> as meaning the complement of
the string (use the <b>c</b> modifier for that).
*/
string tr(const(char)[] str, const(char)[] from, const(char)[] to, const(char)[] modifiers = null)
{
int mod_c;
int mod_d;
int mod_s;
foreach (char c; modifiers)
{
switch (c)
{
case 'c': mod_c = 1; break; // complement
case 'd': mod_d = 1; break; // delete unreplaced chars
case 's': mod_s = 1; break; // squeeze duplicated replaced chars
default: assert(0);
}
}
if (to is null && !mod_d)
to = from;
char[] result = new char[str.length];
result.length = 0;
int m;
dchar lastc;
foreach (dchar c; str)
{
dchar lastf;
dchar lastt;
dchar newc;
int n = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i < from.length; )
{
dchar f = std.utf.decode(from, i);
//writefln("\tf = '%s', c = '%s', lastf = '%x', '%x', i = %d, %d", f, c, lastf, dchar.init, i, from.length);
if (f == '-' && lastf != dchar.init && i < from.length)
{
dchar nextf = std.utf.decode(from, i);
//writefln("\tlastf = '%s', c = '%s', nextf = '%s'", lastf, c, nextf);
if (lastf <= c && c <= nextf)
{
n += c - lastf - 1;
if (mod_c)
goto Lnotfound;
goto Lfound;
}
n += nextf - lastf;
lastf = lastf.init;
continue;
}
if (c == f)
{ if (mod_c)
goto Lnotfound;
goto Lfound;
}
lastf = f;
n++;
}
if (!mod_c)
goto Lnotfound;
n = 0; // consider it 'found' at position 0
Lfound:
// Find the nth character in to[]
//writefln("\tc = '%s', n = %d", c, n);
dchar nextt;
for (size_t i = 0; i < to.length; )
{ dchar t = std.utf.decode(to, i);
if (t == '-' && lastt != dchar.init && i < to.length)
{
nextt = std.utf.decode(to, i);
//writefln("\tlastt = '%s', c = '%s', nextt = '%s', n = %d", lastt, c, nextt, n);
n -= nextt - lastt;
if (n < 0)
{
newc = nextt + n + 1;
goto Lnewc;
}
lastt = dchar.init;
continue;
}
if (n == 0)
{ newc = t;
goto Lnewc;
}
lastt = t;
nextt = t;
n--;
}
if (mod_d)
continue;
newc = nextt;
Lnewc:
if (mod_s && m && newc == lastc)
continue;
std.utf.encode(result, newc);
m = 1;
lastc = newc;
continue;
Lnotfound:
std.utf.encode(result, c);
lastc = c;
m = 0;
}
return assumeUnique(result);
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("std.string.tr.unittest\n");
string r;
//writefln("r = '%s'", r);
r = tr("abcdef", "cd", "CD");
assert(r == "abCDef");
r = tr("abcdef", "b-d", "B-D");
assert(r == "aBCDef");
r = tr("abcdefgh", "b-dh", "B-Dx");
assert(r == "aBCDefgx");
r = tr("abcdefgh", "b-dh", "B-CDx");
assert(r == "aBCDefgx");
r = tr("abcdefgh", "b-dh", "B-BCDx");
assert(r == "aBCDefgx");
r = tr("abcdef", "ef", "*", "c");
assert(r == "****ef");
r = tr("abcdef", "ef", "", "d");
assert(r == "abcd");
r = tr("hello goodbye", "lo", null, "s");
assert(r == "helo godbye");
r = tr("hello goodbye", "lo", "x", "s");
assert(r == "hex gxdbye");
r = tr("14-Jul-87", "a-zA-Z", " ", "cs");
assert(r == " Jul ");
r = tr("Abc", "AAA", "XYZ");
assert(r == "Xbc");
}
/* ************************************************
* Version : v0.3
* Author : David L. 'SpottedTiger' Davis
* Date Created : 31.May.05 Compiled and Tested with dmd v0.125
* Date Modified : 01.Jun.05 Modified the function to handle the
* : imaginary and complex float-point
* : datatypes.
* :
* Licence : Public Domain / Contributed to Digital Mars
*/
/**
* [in] string s can be formatted in the following ways:
*
* Integer Whole Number:
* (for byte, ubyte, short, ushort, int, uint, long, and ulong)
* ['+'|'-']digit(s)[U|L|UL]
*
* examples: 123, 123UL, 123L, +123U, -123L
*
* Floating-Point Number:
* (for float, double, real, ifloat, idouble, and ireal)
* ['+'|'-']digit(s)[.][digit(s)][[e-|e+]digit(s)][i|f|L|Li|fi]]
* or [nan|nani|inf|-inf]
*
* examples: +123., -123.01, 123.3e-10f, 123.3e-10fi, 123.3e-10L
*
* (for cfloat, cdouble, and creal)
* ['+'|'-']digit(s)[.][digit(s)][[e-|e+]digit(s)][+]
* [digit(s)[.][digit(s)][[e-|e+]digit(s)][i|f|L|Li|fi]]
* or [nan|nani|nan+nani|inf|-inf]
*
* examples: nan, -123e-1+456.9e-10Li, +123e+10+456i, 123+456
*
* [in] bool bAllowSep
* False by default, but when set to true it will accept the
* separator characters "," and "_" within the string, but these
* characters should be stripped from the string before using any
* of the conversion functions like toInt(), toFloat(), and etc
* else an error will occur.
*
* Also please note, that no spaces are allowed within the string
* anywhere whether it's a leading, trailing, or embedded space(s),
* thus they too must be stripped from the string before using this
* function, or any of the conversion functions.
*/
bool isNumeric(const(char)[] s, in bool bAllowSep = false)
{
sizediff_t iLen = s.length;
bool bDecimalPoint = false;
bool bExponent = false;
bool bComplex = false;
auto sx = std.string.tolower(s);
int j = 0;
char c;
//writefln("isNumeric(string, bool = false) called!");
// Empty string, return false
if (iLen == 0)
return false;
// Check for NaN (Not a Number)
if (sx == "nan" || sx == "nani" || sx == "nan+nani")
return true;
// Check for Infinity
if (sx == "inf" || sx == "-inf")
return true;
// A sign is allowed only in the 1st character
if (sx[0] == '-' || sx[0] == '+')
j++;
for (int i = j; i < iLen; i++)
{
c = sx[i];
// Digits are good, continue checking
// with the popFront character... ;)
if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
continue;
// Check for the complex type, and if found
// reset the flags for checking the 2nd number.
else if (c == '+')
if (i > 0)
{
bDecimalPoint = false;
bExponent = false;
bComplex = true;
continue;
}
else
return false;
// Allow only one exponent per number
else if (c == 'e')
{
// A 2nd exponent found, return not a number
if (bExponent)
return false;
if (i + 1 < iLen)
{
// Look forward for the sign, and if
// missing then this is not a number.
if (sx[i + 1] != '-' && sx[i + 1] != '+')
return false;
else
{
bExponent = true;
i++;
}
}
else
// Ending in "E", return not a number
return false;
}
// Allow only one decimal point per number to be used
else if (c == '.' )
{
// A 2nd decimal point found, return not a number
if (bDecimalPoint)
return false;
bDecimalPoint = true;
continue;
}
// Check for ending literal characters: "f,u,l,i,ul,fi,li",
// and wheater they're being used with the correct datatype.
else if (i == iLen - 2)
{
// Integer Whole Number
if (sx[i..iLen] == "ul" &&
(!bDecimalPoint && !bExponent && !bComplex))
return true;
// Floating-Point Number
else if ((sx[i..iLen] == "fi" || sx[i..iLen] == "li") &&
(bDecimalPoint || bExponent || bComplex))
return true;
else if (sx[i..iLen] == "ul" &&
(bDecimalPoint || bExponent || bComplex))
return false;
// Could be a Integer or a Float, thus
// all these suffixes are valid for both
else if (sx[i..iLen] == "ul" ||
sx[i..iLen] == "fi" ||
sx[i..iLen] == "li")
return true;
else
return false;
}
else if (i == iLen - 1)
{
// Integer Whole Number
if ((c == 'u' || c == 'l') &&
(!bDecimalPoint && !bExponent && !bComplex))
return true;
// Check to see if the last character in the string
// is the required 'i' character
else if (bComplex)
if (c == 'i')
return true;
else
return false;
// Floating-Point Number
else if ((c == 'l' || c == 'f' || c == 'i') &&
(bDecimalPoint || bExponent))
return true;
// Could be a Integer or a Float, thus
// all these suffixes are valid for both
else if (c == 'l' || c == 'f' || c == 'i')
return true;
else
return false;
}
else
// Check if separators are allow
// to be in the numeric string
if (bAllowSep == true && (c == '_' || c == ','))
continue;
else
return false;
}
return true;
}
/// Allow any object as a parameter
bool isNumeric(...)
{
return isNumeric(_arguments, _argptr);
}
/// Check only the first parameter, all others will be ignored.
bool isNumeric(TypeInfo[] _arguments, va_list _argptr)
{
auto s = ""c;
auto ws = ""w;
auto ds = ""d;
//writefln("isNumeric(...) called!");
if (_arguments.length == 0)
return false;
if (_arguments[0] == typeid(char[]))
return isNumeric(va_arg!(char[])(_argptr));
else if (_arguments[0] == typeid(wchar[]))
return isNumeric(std.utf.toUTF8(va_arg!(wchar[])(_argptr)));
else if (_arguments[0] == typeid(dchar[]))
return isNumeric(std.utf.toUTF8(va_arg!(dstring)(_argptr)));
else if (_arguments[0] == typeid(real))
return true;
else if (_arguments[0] == typeid(double))
return true;
else if (_arguments[0] == typeid(float))
return true;
else if (_arguments[0] == typeid(ulong))
return true;
else if (_arguments[0] == typeid(long))
return true;
else if (_arguments[0] == typeid(uint))
return true;
else if (_arguments[0] == typeid(int))
return true;
else if (_arguments[0] == typeid(ushort))
return true;
else if (_arguments[0] == typeid(short))
return true;
else if (_arguments[0] == typeid(ubyte))
{
char[1] t;
t[0]= va_arg!(ubyte)(_argptr);
return isNumeric(cast(string)t);
}
else if (_arguments[0] == typeid(byte))
{
char[1] t;
t[0] = va_arg!(char)(_argptr);
return isNumeric(cast(string)t);
}
else if (_arguments[0] == typeid(ireal))
return true;
else if (_arguments[0] == typeid(idouble))
return true;
else if (_arguments[0] == typeid(ifloat))
return true;
else if (_arguments[0] == typeid(creal))
return true;
else if (_arguments[0] == typeid(cdouble))
return true;
else if (_arguments[0] == typeid(cfloat))
return true;
else if (_arguments[0] == typeid(char))
{
char[1] t;
t[0] = va_arg!(char)(_argptr);
return isNumeric(cast(string)t);
}
else if (_arguments[0] == typeid(wchar))
{
wchar[1] t;
t[0] = va_arg!(wchar)(_argptr);
return isNumeric(std.utf.toUTF8(t));
}
else if (_arguments[0] == typeid(dchar))
{
dchar[1] t;
t[0] = va_arg!(dchar)(_argptr);
dchar[] t1 = t;
return isNumeric(std.utf.toUTF8(cast(dstring) t1));
}
//else if (_arguments[0] == typeid(cent))
// return true;
//else if (_arguments[0] == typeid(ucent))
// return true;
else
return false;
}
unittest
{
debug (string) printf("isNumeric(in string, bool = false).unittest\n");
string s;
// Test the isNumeric(in string) function
assert(isNumeric("1") == true );
assert(isNumeric("1.0") == true );
assert(isNumeric("1e-1") == true );
assert(isNumeric("12345xxxx890") == false );
assert(isNumeric("567L") == true );
assert(isNumeric("23UL") == true );
assert(isNumeric("-123..56f") == false );
assert(isNumeric("12.3.5.6") == false );
assert(isNumeric(" 12.356") == false );
assert(isNumeric("123 5.6") == false );
assert(isNumeric("1233E-1+1.0e-1i") == true );
assert(isNumeric("123.00E-5+1234.45E-12Li") == true);
assert(isNumeric("123.00e-5+1234.45E-12iL") == false);
assert(isNumeric("123.00e-5+1234.45e-12uL") == false);
assert(isNumeric("123.00E-5+1234.45e-12lu") == false);
assert(isNumeric("123fi") == true);
assert(isNumeric("123li") == true);
assert(isNumeric("--123L") == false);
assert(isNumeric("+123.5UL") == false);
assert(isNumeric("123f") == true);
assert(isNumeric("123.u") == false);
assert(isNumeric(to!string(real.nan)) == true);
assert(isNumeric(to!string(-real.infinity)) == true);
assert(isNumeric(to!string(123e+2+1234.78Li)) == true);
s = "$250.99-";
assert(isNumeric(s[1..s.length - 2]) == true);
assert(isNumeric(s) == false);
assert(isNumeric(s[0..s.length - 1]) == false);
// These test calling the isNumeric(...) function
assert(isNumeric(1,123UL) == true);
assert(isNumeric('2') == true);
assert(isNumeric('x') == false);
assert(isNumeric(cast(byte)0x57) == false); // 'W'
assert(isNumeric(cast(byte)0x37) == true); // '7'
assert(isNumeric(cast(wchar[])"145.67") == true);
assert(isNumeric(cast(dchar[])"145.67U") == false);
assert(isNumeric(123_000.23fi) == true);
assert(isNumeric(123.00E-5+1234.45E-12Li) == true);
assert(isNumeric(real.nan) == true);
assert(isNumeric(-real.infinity) == true);
}
/*****************************
* Soundex algorithm.
*
* The Soundex algorithm converts a word into 4 characters
* based on how the word sounds phonetically. The idea is that
* two spellings that sound alike will have the same Soundex
* value, which means that Soundex can be used for fuzzy matching
* of names.
*
* Params:
* string = String to convert to Soundex representation.
* buffer = Optional 4 char array to put the resulting Soundex
* characters into. If null, the return value
* buffer will be allocated on the heap.
* Returns:
* The four character array with the Soundex result in it.
* Returns null if there is no Soundex representation for the string.
*
* See_Also:
* $(LINK2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundex, Wikipedia),
* $(LUCKY The Soundex Indexing System)
*
* Bugs:
* Only works well with English names.
* There are other arguably better Soundex algorithms,
* but this one is the standard one.
*/
char[] soundex(const(char)[] string, char[] buffer = null)
in
{
assert(!buffer || buffer.length >= 4);
}
out (result)
{
if (result)
{
assert(result.length == 4);
assert(result[0] >= 'A' && result[0] <= 'Z');
foreach (char c; result[1 .. 4])
assert(c >= '0' && c <= '6');
}
}
body
{
static immutable dex =
// ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
"01230120022455012623010202";
int b = 0;
char lastc;
foreach (char cs; string)
{ auto c = cs; // necessary because cs is final
if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')
c -= 'a' - 'A';
else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')
{
;
}
else
{ lastc = lastc.init;
continue;
}
if (b == 0)
{
if (!buffer)
buffer = new char[4];
buffer[0] = c;
b++;
lastc = dex[c - 'A'];
}
else
{
if (c == 'H' || c == 'W')
continue;
if (c == 'A' || c == 'E' || c == 'I' || c == 'O' || c == 'U')
lastc = lastc.init;
c = dex[c - 'A'];
if (c != '0' && c != lastc)
{
buffer[b] = c;
b++;
lastc = c;
}
}
if (b == 4)
goto Lret;
}
if (b == 0)
buffer = null;
else
buffer[b .. 4] = '0';
Lret:
return buffer;
}
unittest
{ char[4] buffer;
assert(soundex(null) == null);
assert(soundex("") == null);
assert(soundex("0123^&^^**&^") == null);
assert(soundex("Euler") == "E460");
assert(soundex(" Ellery ") == "E460");
assert(soundex("Gauss") == "G200");
assert(soundex("Ghosh") == "G200");
assert(soundex("Hilbert") == "H416");
assert(soundex("Heilbronn") == "H416");
assert(soundex("Knuth") == "K530");
assert(soundex("Kant", buffer) == "K530");
assert(soundex("Lloyd") == "L300");
assert(soundex("Ladd") == "L300");
assert(soundex("Lukasiewicz", buffer) == "L222");
assert(soundex("Lissajous") == "L222");
assert(soundex("Robert") == "R163");
assert(soundex("Rupert") == "R163");
assert(soundex("Rubin") == "R150");
assert(soundex("Washington") == "W252");
assert(soundex("Lee") == "L000");
assert(soundex("Gutierrez") == "G362");
assert(soundex("Pfister") == "P236");
assert(soundex("Jackson") == "J250");
assert(soundex("Tymczak") == "T522");
assert(soundex("Ashcraft") == "A261");
assert(soundex("Woo") == "W000");
assert(soundex("Pilgrim") == "P426");
assert(soundex("Flingjingwaller") == "F452");
assert(soundex("PEARSE") == "P620");
assert(soundex("PIERCE") == "P620");
assert(soundex("Price") == "P620");
assert(soundex("CATHY") == "C300");
assert(soundex("KATHY") == "K300");
assert(soundex("Jones") == "J520");
assert(soundex("johnsons") == "J525");
assert(soundex("Hardin") == "H635");
assert(soundex("Martinez") == "M635");
}
/***************************************************
* Construct an associative array consisting of all
* abbreviations that uniquely map to the strings in values.
*
* This is useful in cases where the user is expected to type
* in one of a known set of strings, and the program will helpfully
* autocomplete the string once sufficient characters have been
* entered that uniquely identify it.
* Example:
* ---
* import std.stdio;
* import std.string;
*
* void main()
* {
* static string[] list = [ "food", "foxy" ];
*
* auto abbrevs = std.string.abbrev(list);
*
* foreach (key, value; abbrevs)
* {
* writefln("%s => %s", key, value);
* }
* }
* ---
* produces the output:
* <pre>
* fox =&gt; foxy
* food =&gt; food
* foxy =&gt; foxy
* foo =&gt; food
* </pre>
*/
string[string] abbrev(string[] values)
{
string[string] result;
// Make a copy when sorting so we follow COW principles.
values = values.dup.sort;
size_t values_length = values.length;
size_t lasti = values_length;
size_t nexti;
string nv;
string lv;
for (size_t i = 0; i < values_length; i = nexti)
{ string value = values[i];
// Skip dups
for (nexti = i + 1; nexti < values_length; nexti++)
{ nv = values[nexti];
if (value != values[nexti])
break;
}
for (size_t j = 0; j < value.length; j += std.utf.stride(value, j))
{ string v = value[0 .. j];
if ((nexti == values_length || j > nv.length || v != nv[0 .. j]) &&
(lasti == values_length || j > lv.length || v != lv[0 .. j]))
result[v] = value;
}
result[value] = value;
lasti = i;
lv = value;
}
return result;
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.abbrev.unittest\n");
string[] values;
values ~= "hello";
values ~= "hello";
values ~= "he";
string[string] r;
r = abbrev(values);
auto keys = r.keys.dup;
keys.sort;
assert(keys.length == 4);
assert(keys[0] == "he");
assert(keys[1] == "hel");
assert(keys[2] == "hell");
assert(keys[3] == "hello");
assert(r[keys[0]] == "he");
assert(r[keys[1]] == "hello");
assert(r[keys[2]] == "hello");
assert(r[keys[3]] == "hello");
}
/******************************************
* Compute column number after string if string starts in the
* leftmost column, which is numbered starting from 0.
*/
size_t column(S)(S str, size_t tabsize = 8) if (isSomeString!S)
{
size_t column;
foreach (dchar c; str)
{
switch (c)
{
case '\t':
column = (column + tabsize) / tabsize * tabsize;
break;
case '\r':
case '\n':
case PS:
case LS:
column = 0;
break;
default:
column++;
break;
}
}
return column;
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.column.unittest\n");
assert(column(cast(string) null) == 0);
assert(column("") == 0);
assert(column("\t") == 8);
assert(column("abc\t") == 8);
assert(column("12345678\t") == 16);
}
/******************************************
* Wrap text into a paragraph.
*
* The input text string s is formed into a paragraph
* by breaking it up into a sequence of lines, delineated
* by \n, such that the number of columns is not exceeded
* on each line.
* The last line is terminated with a \n.
* Params:
* s = text string to be wrapped
* columns = maximum number of _columns in the paragraph
* firstindent = string used to _indent first line of the paragraph
* indent = string to use to _indent following lines of the paragraph
* tabsize = column spacing of tabs
* Returns:
* The resulting paragraph.
*/
S wrap(S)(S s, size_t columns = 80, S firstindent = null,
S indent = null, size_t tabsize = 8) if (isSomeString!S)
{
typeof(s.dup) result;
int spaces;
bool inword;
bool first = true;
size_t wordstart;
result.length = firstindent.length + s.length;
result.length = firstindent.length;
result[] = firstindent[];
auto col = column(result.idup, tabsize);
foreach (size_t i, dchar c; s)
{
if (isUniWhite(c))
{
if (inword)
{
if (first)
{
;
}
else if (col + 1 + (i - wordstart) > columns)
{
result ~= '\n';
result ~= indent;
col = column(indent, tabsize);
}
else
{ result ~= ' ';
col += 1;
}
result ~= s[wordstart .. i];
col += i - wordstart;
inword = false;
first = false;
}
}
else
{
if (!inword)
{
wordstart = i;
inword = true;
}
}
}
if (inword)
{
if (col + 1 + (s.length - wordstart) >= columns)
{
result ~= '\n';
result ~= indent;
}
else if (result.length != firstindent.length)
result ~= ' ';
result ~= s[wordstart .. s.length];
}
result ~= '\n';
return assumeUnique(result);
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.wrap.unittest\n");
assert(wrap(cast(string) null) == "\n");
assert(wrap(" a b df ") == "a b df\n");
//writefln("'%s'", wrap(" a b df ",3));
assert(wrap(" a b df ", 3) == "a b\ndf\n");
assert(wrap(" a bc df ", 3) == "a\nbc\ndf\n");
//writefln("'%s'", wrap(" abcd df ",3));
assert(wrap(" abcd df ", 3) == "abcd\ndf\n");
assert(wrap("x") == "x\n");
assert(wrap("u u") == "u u\n");
}
private template softDeprec(string vers, string date, string oldFunc, string newFunc)
{
enum softDeprec = Format!("Warning: As of Phobos %s, std.string.%s has been scheduled " ~
"for deprecation in %s. Please use %s instead.",
vers, oldFunc, date, newFunc);
}
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