// Written in the D programming language.
/*
* Copyright (C) 2002-2007 by Digital Mars, www.digitalmars.com
* Written by Walter Bright
* Some parts contributed by David L. Davis
* Major rewrite by Andrei Alexandrescu
*
* This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
* warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
* arising from the use of this software.
*
* Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
* including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
* freely, subject to the following restrictions:
*
* o The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
* claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
* in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
* appreciated but is not required.
* o Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not
* be misrepresented as being the original software.
* o This notice may not be removed or altered from any source
* distribution.
*/
/***********
A one-stop shop for converting values from one type to another.
Authors:
$(WEB digitalmars.com, Walter Bright), $(WEB erdani.org, Andrei
Alexandrescu)
*/
module std.conv;
import core.memory;
import std.string; // for atof(), toString()
//import std.c.stdlib;
import core.stdc.stdlib;
import std.math; // for fabs(), isnan()
import std.stdio; // for writefln() and printf()
import std.typetuple; // for unittests
import std.utf; // for string-to-string conversions
import std.array;
import std.range;
import std.contracts;
private import std.string; // for atof(), toString()
private import core.stdc.errno;
private import std.math; // for fabs(), isNaN()
private import std.stdio; // for writefln() and printf()
private import std.typetuple; // for unittests
private import std.utf; // for string-to-string conversions
import std.traits;
import std.typecons;
import std.ctype;
import std.c.string; // memcpy
//debug=conv; // uncomment to turn on debugging printf's
/* ************* Exceptions *************** */
/**
* Thrown on conversion errors.
*/
class ConvError : Error
{
this(string s)
{
super(s);
}
// static void raise(S, T)(S source)
// {
// throw new ConvError(cast(string)
// ("Can't convert value `"~to!(string)(source)~"' of type "
// ~S.stringof~" to type "~T.stringof));
// }
}
private void conv_error(S, T)(S source)
{
throw new ConvError(cast(string)
("Can't convert value `"~to!(string)(source)~"' of type "
~S.stringof~" to type "~T.stringof));
}
/**
* Thrown on conversion overflow errors.
*/
class ConvOverflowError : ConvError
{
this(string s)
{
super("Error: overflow " ~ s);
}
static void raise(string s)
{
throw new ConvOverflowError(s);
}
}
private template implicitlyConverts(S, T)
{
enum bool implicitlyConverts = T.sizeof >= S.sizeof
&& is(typeof({S s; T t = s;}()));
}
unittest
{
assert(!implicitlyConverts!(const(char)[], string));
assert(implicitlyConverts!(string, const(char)[]));
}
/**
String _to string conversion works for any two string types having
($(D char), $(D wchar), $(D dchar)) character widths and any
combination of qualifiers (mutable, $(D const), or $(D immutable)).
Example:
----
char[] a = "abc";
auto b = to!(immutable(dchar)[])(a);
assert(b == "abc"w);
----
*/
T to(T, S)(S s) if (!implicitlyConverts!(S, T) && isSomeString!(T)
&& isSomeString!(S))
{
// string-to-string conversion
static if (s[0].sizeof == T[0].sizeof) {
// same width, only qualifier conversion
enum tIsConst = is(T == const(char)[]) || is(T == const(wchar)[])
|| is(T == const(dchar)[]);
enum tIsInvariant = is(T == invariant(char)[])
|| is(T == invariant(wchar)[]) || is(T == invariant(dchar)[]);
static if (tIsConst) {
return s;
} else static if (tIsInvariant) {
// conversion (mutable|const) -> invariant
return s.idup;
} else {
// conversion (invariant|const) -> mutable
return s.dup;
}
} else {
// width conversion
// we can cast because toUTFX always produces a fresh string
static if (T[0].sizeof == 1) {
return cast(T) toUTF8(s);
} else static if (T[0].sizeof == 2) {
return cast(T) toUTF16(s);
} else {
static assert(T[0].sizeof == 4);
return cast(T) toUTF32(s);
}
}
}
unittest
{
alias TypeTuple!(char, wchar, dchar) Chars;
foreach (LhsC; Chars)
{
alias TypeTuple!(LhsC[], const(LhsC)[], invariant(LhsC)[]) LhStrings;
foreach (Lhs; LhStrings)
{
foreach (RhsC; Chars)
{
alias TypeTuple!(RhsC[], const(RhsC)[], invariant(RhsC)[])
RhStrings;
foreach (Rhs; RhStrings)
{
Lhs s1 = to!(Lhs)("wyda");
Rhs s2 = to!(Rhs)(s1);
//writeln(Lhs.stringof, " -> ", Rhs.stringof);
assert(s1 == to!(Lhs)(s2));
}
}
}
}
}
/**
Converts array (other than strings) to string. The left bracket,
separator, and right bracket are configurable. Each element is
converted by calling $(D to!T).
*/
T to(T, S)(S s, in T leftBracket = "[", in T separator = ", ",
in T rightBracket = "]")
if (isSomeString!(T) && !isSomeString!(S) && isArray!(S))
{
alias Unqual!(ElementType!(T)) Char;
// array-to-string conversion
static if (is(S == void[])
|| is(S == const(void)[]) || is(S == invariant(void)[])) {
auto raw = cast(const(ubyte)[]) s;
enforce(raw.length % Char.sizeof == 0, "Alignment mismatch"
" in converting a " ~ S.stringof ~ " to a " ~ T.stringof);
auto result = new Char[raw.length / Char.sizeof];
memcpy(result.ptr, s.ptr, s.length);
return cast(T) result;
} else {
Appender!(Char[]) result;
result.put(leftBracket);
foreach (i, e; s) {
if (i) result.put(separator);
result.put(to!(T)(e));
}
result.put(rightBracket);
return cast(T) result.data;
}
}
unittest
{
double[2] a = [ 1.5, 2.5 ];
//writeln(to!string(a));
assert(to!string(a) == "[1.5, 2.5]");
short[] b = [ 1, 3, 5 ];
assert(to!string(b) == "[1, 3, 5]");
}
/**
Associative array to string conversion. The left bracket, key-value
separator, element separator, and right bracket are configurable.
Each element is printed by calling $(D to!T).
*/
T to(T, S)(S s, in T leftBracket = "[", in T keyval = ":",
in T separator = ", ", in T rightBracket = "]")
if (isAssociativeArray!(S) && isSomeString!(T))
{
alias Unqual!(ElementType!(T)) Char;
Appender!(Char[]) result;
// hash-to-string conversion
result.put(leftBracket);
bool first = true;
foreach (k, v; s) {
if (!first) result.put(separator);
else first = false;
result.put(to!(T)(k));
result.put(keyval);
result.put(to!(T)(v));
}
result.put(rightBracket);
return cast(T) result.data;
}
/**
Object to string conversion calls $(D toString) against the object or
returns $(D nullstr) if the object is null.
*/
T to(T, S)(S s, in T nullstr = "null")
if (is(S : Object) && isSomeString!(T))
{
if (!s) return nullstr;
return to!(T)(s.toString);
}
unittest
{
class A { override string toString() { return "an A"; } }
A a;
assert(to!string(a) == "null");
a = new A;
assert(to!string(a) == "an A");
}
/**
Struct to string conversion calls $(D toString) against the struct if
it is defined.
*/
T to(T, S)(S s)
if (is(S == struct) && isSomeString!(T) && is(S.init.toString))
{
return to!T(s.toString);
}
/**
For structs that do not define $(D toString), the conversion to string
produces the list of fields.
*/
T to(T, S)(S s, in T left = S.stringof~"(", in T separator = ", ",
in T right = ")")
if (is(S == struct) && isSomeString!(T) && !is(S.init.toString))
{
Tuple!(FieldTypeTuple!(S)) * t = void;
static if ((*t).sizeof == S.sizeof)
{
// ok, attempt to forge the tuple
t = cast(typeof(t)) &s;
alias Unqual!(ElementType!(T)) Char;
Appender!(Char[]) app;
app.put(left);
foreach (i, e; t.field)
{
if (i > 0) app.put(to!(T)(separator));
app.put(to!(T)(e));
}
app.put(right);
return cast(T) app.data;
}
else
{
// struct with weird alignment
return to!T(S.stringof);
}
}
unittest
{
struct S { int a = 42; float b = 43.5; }
S s;
assert(to!string(s) == "S(42, 43.5)");
}
/**
Enumerated types are printed as their base type (not the symbolic
names).
*/
T to(T, S)(S s) if (is(S == enum) && isSomeString!(T)
&& !implicitlyConverts!(S, T))
{
static if (is(S E == enum)) return to!(T)(cast(E) (s));
else static assert(false);
}
unittest
{
enum A : int { a = 123, b = 234 }
assert(to!string(A.a) == "123");
enum B : string { a = "123", b = "234" }
assert(to!string(B.a) == "123");
enum C : double { a = 123, b = 234 }
assert(to!string(C.a) == "123");
}
/**
A $(D typedef Type Symbol) is printed as $(D Type(value)).
*/
T to(T, S)(S s, in T left = S.stringof~"(", in T right = ")")
if (is(S == typedef) && isSomeString!(T))
{
static if (is(S Original == typedef)) {
// typedef
return left ~ to!(T)(cast(Original) s) ~ right;
}
}
unittest
{
typedef double Km;
Km km = 42;
assert(to!string(km) == "Km(42)");
}
unittest
{
auto a = "abcx"w;
const(void)[] b = a;
assert(b.length == 8);
auto c = to!(wchar[])(b);
assert(c == "abcx");
}
/* **************************************************************
The $(D_PARAM to) family of functions converts a value from type
$(D_PARAM Source) to type $(D_PARAM Target). The source type is
deduced and the target type must be specified, for example the
expression $(D_PARAM to!(int)(42.0)) converts the number 42 from
$(D_PARAM double) to $(D_PARAM int). The conversion is "safe", i.e.,
it checks for overflow; $(D_PARAM to!(int)(4.2e10)) would throw the
$(D_PARAM ConvOverflowError) exception. Overflow checks are only
inserted when necessary, e.g., $(D_PARAM to!(double)(42)) does not do
any checking because any int fits in a double.
Converting a value to its own type (useful mostly for generic code)
simply returns its argument.
Example:
-------------------------
int a = 42;
auto b = to!(int)(a); // b is int with value 42
auto c = to!(double)(3.14); // c is double with value 3.14
-------------------------
Converting among numeric types is a safe way to cast them around.
Conversions from floating-point types to integral types allow loss of
precision (the fractional part of a floating-point number). The
conversion is truncating towards zero, the same way a cast would
truncate. (To round a floating point value when casting to an
integral, use $(D_PARAM roundTo).)
Examples:
-------------------------
int a = 420;
auto b = to!(long)(a); // same as long b = a;
auto c = to!(byte)(a / 10); // fine, c = 42
auto d = to!(byte)(a); // throw ConvOverflowError
double e = 4.2e6;
auto f = to!(int)(e); // f == 4200000
e = -3.14;
auto g = to!(uint)(e); // fails: floating-to-integral underflow
e = 3.14;
auto h = to!(uint)(e); // h = 3
e = 3.99;
h = to!(uint)(a); // h = 3
e = -3.99;
f = to!(int)(a); // f = -3
-------------------------
Conversions from integral types to floating-point types always
succeed, but might lose accuracy. The largest integers with a
predecessor representable in floating-point format are 2^24-1 for
float, 2^53-1 for double, and 2^64-1 for $(D_PARAM real) (when
$(D_PARAM real) is 80-bit, e.g. on Intel machines).
Example:
-------------------------
int a = 16_777_215; // 2^24 - 1, largest proper integer representable as float
assert(to!(int)(to!(float)(a)) == a);
assert(to!(int)(to!(float)(-a)) == -a);
a += 2;
assert(to!(int)(to!(float)(a)) == a); // fails!
-------------------------
Conversions from string to numeric types differ from the C equivalents
$(D_PARAM atoi()) and $(D_PARAM atol()) by checking for overflow and
not allowing whitespace.
For conversion of strings to signed types, the grammar recognized is:
$(I Integer): $(I Sign UnsignedInteger)
$(I UnsignedInteger)
$(I Sign):
$(B +)
$(B -)
For conversion to unsigned types, the grammar recognized is:
$(I UnsignedInteger):
$(I DecimalDigit)
$(I DecimalDigit) $(I UnsignedInteger)
Converting an array to another array type works by converting each
element in turn. Associative arrays can be converted to associative
arrays as long as keys and values can in turn be converted.
Example:
-------------------------
int[] a = ([1, 2, 3]).dup;
auto b = to!(float[])(a);
assert(b == [1.0f, 2, 3]);
string str = "1 2 3 4 5 6";
auto numbers = to!(double[])(split(str));
assert(numbers == [1.0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]);
int[string] c;
c["a"] = 1;
c["b"] = 2;
auto d = to!(double[wstring])(c);
assert(d["a"w] == 1 && d["b"w] == 2);
-------------------------
Conversions operate transitively, meaning that they work on arrays and
associative arrays of any complexity:
-------------------------
int[string][double[int[]]] a;
...
auto b = to!(short[wstring][string[double[]]])(a);
-------------------------
This conversion works because $(D_PARAM to!(short)) applies to an
$(D_PARAM int), $(D_PARAM to!(wstring)) applies to a $(D_PARAM
string), $(D_PARAM to!(string)) applies to a $(D_PARAM double), and
$(D_PARAM to!(double[])) applies to an $(D_PARAM int[]). The
conversion might throw an exception because $(D_PARAM to!(short))
might fail the range check.
Macros: WIKI=Phobos/StdConv
*/
/**
If the source type is implicitly convertible to the target type, $(D
to) simply performs the implicit conversion.
*/
Target to(Target, Source)(Source value) if (implicitlyConverts!(Source, Target))
{
return value;
}
unittest
{
int a = 42;
auto b = to!long(a);
assert(a == b);
}
/**
Boolean values are printed as $(D "true") or $(D "false").
*/
T to(T, S)(S b) if (is(Unqual!S == bool) && isSomeString!(T))
{
return to!T(b ? "true" : "false");
}
unittest
{
bool b;
assert(to!string(b) == "false");
b = true;
assert(to!string(b) == "true");
}
/**
When the source is a wide string, it is first converted to a narrow
string and then parsed.
*/
T to(T, S)(S value) if ((is(S : const(wchar)[]) || is(S : const(dchar)[]))
&& !isSomeString!(T))
{
// todo: improve performance
return parseString!(T)(toUTF8(value));
}
/**
When the source is a narrow string, normal text parsing occurs.
*/
T to(T, S)(S value) if (is(S : const(char)[]) && !isSomeString!(T))
{
return parseString!(T)(value);
}
unittest
{
foreach (Char; TypeTuple!(char, wchar, dchar))
{
auto a = to!(Char[])("123");
assert(to!int(a) == 123);
assert(to!double(a) == 123);
}
}
/**
Object-to-object conversions throw exception when the source is
non-null and the target is null.
*/
T to(T, S)(S value) if (is(S : Object) && is(T : Object))
{
auto result = cast(T) value;
if (!result && value)
{
throw new ConvError("Cannot convert object of static type "
~S.classinfo.name~" and dynamic type "~value.classinfo.name
~" to type "~T.classinfo.name);
}
return result;
}
unittest
{
// Testing object conversions
class A {} class B : A {} class C : A {}
A a1 = new A, a2 = new B, a3 = new C;
assert(to!(B)(a2) is a2);
assert(to!(C)(a3) is a3);
try
{
to!(B)(a3);
assert(false);
}
catch (ConvError e)
{
//writeln(e);
}
}
/**
Narrowing numeric-numeric conversions throw when the value does not
fit in the narrower type.
*/
T to(T, S)(S value)
if (!implicitlyConverts!(S, T)
&& std.traits.isNumeric!(S) && std.traits.isNumeric!(T))
{
enum sSmallest = mostNegative!(S);
enum tSmallest = mostNegative!(T);
static if (sSmallest < 0) {
// possible underflow converting from a signed
static if (tSmallest == 0) {
invariant good = value >= 0;
} else {
static assert(tSmallest < 0);
invariant good = value >= tSmallest;
}
if (!good) ConvOverflowError.raise("Conversion underflow");
}
static if (S.max > T.max) {
// possible overflow
if (value > T.max) ConvOverflowError.raise("Conversion overflow");
}
return cast(T) value;
}
private T parseString(T)(const(char)[] v)
{
scope(exit)
{
if (v.length)
{
conv_error!(const(char)[], T)(v);
}
}
return parse!(T)(v);
}
/**
Array-to-array conversion (except when target is a string type)
converts each element in turn by using $(D to).
*/
T to(T, S)(S src) if (isArray!(S) && isArray!(T) && !isSomeString!(T)
&& !implicitlyConverts!(S, T))
{
alias typeof(T.init[0]) E;
auto result = new E[src.length];
foreach (i, e; src) {
result[i] = to!(E)(e);
}
return result;
}
unittest
{
// array to array conversions
uint[] a = ([ 1u, 2, 3 ]).dup;
auto b = to!(float[])(a);
assert(b == [ 1.0f, 2, 3 ]);
auto c = to!(string[])(b);
assert(c[0] == "1" && c[1] == "2" && c[2] == "3");
invariant(int)[3] d = [ 1, 2, 3 ];
b = to!(float[])(d);
assert(b == [ 1.0f, 2, 3 ]);
uint[][] e = [ a, a ];
auto f = to!(float[][])(e);
assert(f[0] == b && f[1] == b);
}
/**
Associative array to associative array conversion converts each key
and each value in turn.
*/
T to(T : V2[K2], S : V1[K1], K1, V1, K2, V2)(S src)
//if (isAssociativeArray!(S) && isAssociativeArray!(T))
{
T result;
foreach (k1, v1; src)
{
result[to!(K2)(k1)] = to!(V2)(v1);
}
return result;
}
unittest {
// hash to hash conversions
int[string] a;
a["0"] = 1;
a["1"] = 2;
auto b = to!(double[dstring])(a);
assert(b["0"d] == 1 && b["1"d] == 2);
// hash to string conversion
assert(to!(string)(a) == "[0:1, 1:2]");
}
unittest {
// string tests
alias TypeTuple!(char, wchar, dchar) AllChars;
foreach (T; AllChars) {
foreach (U; AllChars) {
T[] s1 = to!(T[])("Hello, world!");
auto s2 = to!(U[])(s1);
assert(s1 == to!(T[])(s2));
auto s3 = to!(const(U)[])(s1);
assert(s1 == to!(T[])(s3));
auto s4 = to!(invariant(U)[])(s1);
assert(s1 == to!(T[])(s4));
}
}
}
private bool convFails(Source, Target, E)(Source src) {
try {
auto t = to!(Target)(src);
} catch (E) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
private void testIntegralToFloating(Integral, Floating)() {
Integral a = 42;
auto b = to!(Floating)(a);
assert(a == b);
assert(a == to!(Integral)(b));
}
private void testFloatingToIntegral(Floating, Integral)() {
// convert some value
Floating a = 4.2e1;
auto b = to!(Integral)(a);
assert(is(typeof(b) == Integral) && b == 42);
// convert some negative value (if applicable)
a = -4.2e1;
static if (Integral.min < 0) {
b = to!(Integral)(a);
assert(is(typeof(b) == Integral) && b == -42);
} else {
// no go for unsigned types
assert(convFails!(Floating, Integral, ConvOverflowError)(a));
}
// convert to the smallest integral value
a = 0.0 + Integral.min;
static if (Integral.min < 0) {
a = -a; // -Integral.min not representable as an Integral
assert(convFails!(Floating, Integral, ConvOverflowError)(a)
|| Floating.sizeof <= Integral.sizeof);
}
a = 0.0 + Integral.min;
assert(to!(Integral)(a) == Integral.min);
--a; // no more representable as an Integral
assert(convFails!(Floating, Integral, ConvOverflowError)(a)
|| Floating.sizeof <= Integral.sizeof);
a = 0.0 + Integral.max;
// fwritefln(stderr, "%s a=%g, %s conv=%s", Floating.stringof, a,
// Integral.stringof, to!(Integral)(a));
assert(to!(Integral)(a) == Integral.max || Floating.sizeof <= Integral.sizeof);
++a; // no more representable as an Integral
assert(convFails!(Floating, Integral, ConvOverflowError)(a)
|| Floating.sizeof <= Integral.sizeof);
// convert a value with a fractional part
a = 3.14;
assert(to!(Integral)(a) == 3);
a = 3.99;
assert(to!(Integral)(a) == 3);
static if (Integral.min < 0) {
a = -3.14;
assert(to!(Integral)(a) == -3);
a = -3.99;
assert(to!(Integral)(a) == -3);
}
}
unittest {
alias TypeTuple!(byte, ubyte, short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong)
AllInts;
alias TypeTuple!(float, double, real) AllFloats;
alias TypeTuple!(AllInts, AllFloats) AllNumerics;
// test with same type
{
foreach (T; AllNumerics) {
T a = 42;
auto b = to!(T)(a);
assert(is(typeof(a) == typeof(b)) && a == b);
}
}
// test that floating-point numbers convert properly to largest ints
// see http://oregonstate.edu/~peterseb/mth351/docs/351s2001_fp80x87.html
// look for "largest fp integer with a predecessor"
{
// float
int a = 16_777_215; // 2^24 - 1
assert(to!(int)(to!(float)(a)) == a);
assert(to!(int)(to!(float)(-a)) == -a);
// double
long b = 9_007_199_254_740_991; // 2^53 - 1
assert(to!(long)(to!(double)(b)) == b);
assert(to!(long)(to!(double)(-b)) == -b);
// real
// @@@ BUG IN COMPILER @@@
// ulong c = 18_446_744_073_709_551_615UL; // 2^64 - 1
// assert(to!(ulong)(to!(real)(c)) == c);
// assert(to!(ulong)(-to!(real)(c)) == c);
}
// test conversions floating => integral
{
// AllInts[0 .. $ - 1] should be AllInts
// @@@ BUG IN COMPILER @@@
foreach (Integral; AllInts[0 .. $ - 1]) {
foreach (Floating; AllFloats) {
testFloatingToIntegral!(Floating, Integral);
}
}
}
// test conversion integral => floating
{
foreach (Integral; AllInts[0 .. $ - 1]) {
foreach (Floating; AllFloats) {
testIntegralToFloating!(Integral, Floating);
}
}
}
// test parsing
{
foreach (T; AllNumerics) {
// from type invariant(char)[2]
auto a = to!(T)("42");
assert(a == 42);
// from type char[]
char[] s1 = "42".dup;
a = to!(T)(s1);
assert(a == 42);
// from type char[2]
char[2] s2;
s2[] = "42";
a = to!(T)(s2);
assert(a == 42);
// from type invariant(wchar)[2]
a = to!(T)("42"w);
assert(a == 42);
}
}
// test conversions to string
{
foreach (T; AllNumerics) {
T a = 42;
assert(to!(string)(a) == "42");
//assert(to!(wstring)(a) == "42"w);
//assert(to!(dstring)(a) == "42"d);
// array test
// T[] b = new T[2];
// b[0] = 42;
// b[1] = 33;
// assert(to!(string)(b) == "[42,33]");
}
}
// test array to string conversion
foreach (T ; AllNumerics) {
auto a = [to!(T)(1), 2, 3];
assert(to!(string)(a) == "[1, 2, 3]");
}
// test enum to int conversion
// enum Testing { Test1, Test2 };
// Testing t;
// auto a = to!(string)(t);
// assert(a == "0");
}
/***************************************************************
Rounded conversion from floating point to integral.
Example:
---------------
assert(roundTo!(int)(3.14) == 3);
assert(roundTo!(int)(3.49) == 3);
assert(roundTo!(int)(3.5) == 4);
assert(roundTo!(int)(3.999) == 4);
assert(roundTo!(int)(-3.14) == -3);
assert(roundTo!(int)(-3.49) == -3);
assert(roundTo!(int)(-3.5) == -4);
assert(roundTo!(int)(-3.999) == -4);
---------------
Rounded conversions do not work with non-integral target types.
*/
template roundTo(Target) {
Target roundTo(Source)(Source value) {
static assert(is(Source == float) || is(Source == double)
|| is(Source == real));
static assert(is(Target == byte) || is(Target == ubyte)
|| is(Target == short) || is(Target == ushort)
|| is(Target == int) || is(Target == uint)
|| is(Target == long) || is(Target == ulong));
return to!(Target)(value + (value < 0 ? -0.5 : 0.5));
}
}
unittest {
assert(roundTo!(int)(3.14) == 3);
assert(roundTo!(int)(3.49) == 3);
assert(roundTo!(int)(3.5) == 4);
assert(roundTo!(int)(3.999) == 4);
assert(roundTo!(int)(-3.14) == -3);
assert(roundTo!(int)(-3.49) == -3);
assert(roundTo!(int)(-3.5) == -4);
assert(roundTo!(int)(-3.999) == -4);
}
/***************************************************************
* The $(D_PARAM parse) family of functions works quite like the
* $(D_PARAM to) family, except that (1) it only works with strings as
* input, (2) takes the input string by reference and advances it to
* the position following the conversion, and (3) does not throw if it
* could not convert the entire string. It still throws if an overflow
* occurred during conversion or if no character of the input string
* was meaningfully converted.
*
* Example:
--------------
string test = "123 \t 76.14";
auto a = parse!(uint)(test);
assert(a == 123);
assert(test == " \t 76.14"); // parse bumps string
munch(test, " \t\n\r"); // skip ws
assert(test == "76.14");
auto b = parse!(double)(test);
assert(b == 76.14);
assert(test == "");
--------------
*/
Target parse(Target, Source)(ref Source s)
if (isSomeString!Source && isIntegral!Target)
{
static if (Target.sizeof < int.sizeof)
{
// smaller types are handled like integers
auto v = parse!(Select!(Target.min < 0, int, uint), Source)(s);
auto result = cast(Target) v;
if (result != v)
{
conv_error!(Source, Target)(s);
}
return result;
}
else
{
// Larger than int types
immutable length = s.length;
if (!length)
goto Lerr;
static if (Target.min < 0)
int sign = 0;
else
static const int sign = 0;
Target v = 0;
size_t i = 0;
enum char maxLastDigit = Target.min < 0 ? '7' : '5';
for (; i < length; i++)
{
immutable c = s[i];
if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
{
if (v >= Target.max/10 &&
(v != Target.max/10|| c + sign > maxLastDigit))
goto Loverflow;
v = cast(Target) (v * 10 + (c - '0'));
}
else static if (Target.min < 0)
{
if (c == '-' && i == 0)
{
if (length == 1)
goto Lerr;
sign = -1;
}
else if (c == '+' && i == 0)
{
if (length == 1)
goto Lerr;
}
else
break;
}
else
break;
}
if (i == 0) goto Lerr;
s = s[i .. $];
static if (Target.min < 0)
{
if (sign == -1)
{
v = -v;
}
}
return v;
Loverflow:
ConvOverflowError.raise("Overflow in integral conversion");
Lerr:
conv_error!(Source, Target)(s);
return 0;
}
}
Target parse(Target, Source)(ref Source s)
if (isSomeString!Source && isFloatingPoint!Target)
{
//writefln("toFloat('%s')", s);
auto sz = toStringz(to!(const char[])(s));
if (std.ctype.isspace(*sz))
goto Lerr;
// issue 1589
version (Windows)
{
if (icmp(s, "nan") == 0)
{
s = s[3 .. $];
return Target.nan;
}
}
// BUG: should set __locale_decpoint to "." for DMC
setErrno(0);
char* endptr;
static if (is(Target == float))
auto f = strtof(sz, &endptr);
else static if (is(Target == double))
auto f = strtod(sz, &endptr);
else static if (is(Target == real))
auto f = strtold(sz, &endptr);
else
static assert(false);
if (getErrno() == ERANGE)
goto Lerr;
assert(endptr);
if (endptr == sz)
{
// no progress
goto Lerr;
}
s = s[endptr - sz .. $];
return f;
Lerr:
conv_error!(Source, Target)(s);
assert(0);
}
// Target parse(Target, Source)(ref Source s)
// if (isSomeString!Source && isSomeString!Target)
// {
// }
unittest
{
string s = "123";
auto a = parse!int(s);
}
// Customizable integral parse
// private N parseIntegral(S, N)(ref S s)
// {
// static if (N.sizeof < int.sizeof)
// {
// // smaller types are handled like integers
// static if (N.min < 0) // signed small integer
// alias int N1;
// else
// alias uint N1;
// auto v = parseIntegral!(S, N1)(s);
// auto result = cast(N) v;
// if (result != v)
// {
// ConvError.raise!(S, N)(s);
// }
// return result;
// }
// else
// {
// // Larger than int types
// invariant length = s.length;
// if (!length)
// goto Lerr;
// static if (N.min < 0)
// int sign = 0;
// else
// enum sign = 0;
// N v = 0;
// size_t i = 0;
// enum char maxLastDigit = N.min < 0 ? '7' : '5';
// for (; i < length; i++)
// {
// auto c = s[i];
// if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
// {
// if (v < N.max/10 || (v == N.max/10 && c + sign <= maxLastDigit))
// v = cast(N) (v * 10 + (c - '0'));
// else
// goto Loverflow;
// }
// else static if (N.min < 0)
// {
// if (c == '-' && i == 0)
// {
// sign = -1;
// if (length == 1)
// goto Lerr;
// }
// else if (c == '+' && i == 0)
// {
// if (length == 1)
// goto Lerr;
// } else
// break;
// }
// else
// break;
// }
// if (i == 0) goto Lerr;
// s = s[i .. $];
// static if (N.min < 0)
// {
// if (sign == -1)
// {
// v = -v;
// }
// }
// return v;
// Loverflow:
// assert(false);
// //ConvOverflowError.raise(to!string(s));
// Lerr:
// ConvError.raise!(S, N)(s);
// return 0;
// }
// }
/*
*/
unittest
{
debug(conv) printf("conv.to!int.unittest\n");
int i;
i = to!int("0");
assert(i == 0);
i = to!int("+0");
assert(i == 0);
i = to!int("-0");
assert(i == 0);
i = to!int("6");
assert(i == 6);
i = to!int("+23");
assert(i == 23);
i = to!int("-468");
assert(i == -468);
i = to!int("2147483647");
assert(i == 0x7FFFFFFF);
i = to!int("-2147483648");
assert(i == 0x80000000);
invariant string[] errors =
[
"",
"-",
"+",
"-+",
" ",
" 0",
"0 ",
"- 0",
"1-",
"xx",
"123h",
"2147483648",
"-2147483649",
"5656566565",
];
for (int j = 0; j < errors.length; j++)
{
i = 47;
try
{
i = to!int(errors[j]);
//printf("i = %d\n", i);
}
catch (Error e)
{
debug(conv) e.print();
i = 3;
}
assert(i == 3);
}
}
/*
Tests for to!uint
*/
unittest
{
debug(conv) printf("conv.to!uint.unittest\n");
uint i;
i = to!uint("0");
assert(i == 0);
i = to!uint("6");
assert(i == 6);
i = to!uint("23");
assert(i == 23);
i = to!uint("468");
assert(i == 468);
i = to!uint("2147483647");
assert(i == 0x7FFFFFFF);
i = to!uint("4294967295");
assert(i == 0xFFFFFFFF);
static string[] errors =
[
"",
"-",
"+",
"-+",
" ",
" 0",
"0 ",
"- 0",
"1-",
"+5",
"-78",
"xx",
"123h",
"4294967296",
];
for (int j = 0; j < errors.length; j++)
{
i = 47;
try
{
i = to!uint(errors[j]);
//printf("i = %d\n", i);
}
catch (Error e)
{
debug(conv) e.print();
i = 3;
}
assert(i == 3);
}
}
/*
Tests for to!long
*/
unittest
{
debug(conv) printf("conv.to!long.unittest\n");
long i;
i = to!long("0");
assert(i == 0);
i = to!long("+0");
assert(i == 0);
i = to!long("-0");
assert(i == 0);
i = to!long("6");
assert(i == 6);
i = to!long("+23");
assert(i == 23);
i = to!long("-468");
assert(i == -468);
i = to!long("2147483647");
assert(i == 0x7FFFFFFF);
i = to!long("-2147483648");
assert(i == -0x80000000L);
i = to!long("9223372036854775807");
assert(i == 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF);
i = to!long("-9223372036854775808");
assert(i == 0x8000000000000000);
static string[] errors =
[
"",
"-",
"+",
"-+",
" ",
" 0",
"0 ",
"- 0",
"1-",
"xx",
"123h",
"9223372036854775808",
"-9223372036854775809",
];
for (int j = 0; j < errors.length; j++)
{
i = 47;
try
{
i = to!long(errors[j]);
//printf("l = %d\n", i);
}
catch (Error e)
{
debug(conv) e.print();
i = 3;
}
assert(i == 3);
}
}
/*
Tests for to!ulong
*/
unittest
{
debug(conv) printf("conv.to!ulong.unittest\n");
ulong i;
i = to!ulong("0");
assert(i == 0);
i = to!ulong("6");
assert(i == 6);
i = to!ulong("23");
assert(i == 23);
i = to!ulong("468");
assert(i == 468);
i = to!ulong("2147483647");
assert(i == 0x7FFFFFFF);
i = to!ulong("4294967295");
assert(i == 0xFFFFFFFF);
i = to!ulong("9223372036854775807");
assert(i == 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF);
i = to!ulong("18446744073709551615");
assert(i == 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF);
static string[] errors =
[
"",
"-",
"+",
"-+",
" ",
" 0",
"0 ",
"- 0",
"1-",
"+5",
"-78",
"xx",
"123h",
"18446744073709551616",
];
for (int j = 0; j < errors.length; j++)
{
i = 47;
try
{
i = to!ulong(errors[j]);
//printf("i = %d\n", i);
}
catch (Error e)
{
debug(conv) e.print();
i = 3;
}
assert(i == 3);
}
}
/*
Tests for toShort
*/
unittest
{
debug(conv) printf("conv.to!short.unittest\n");
short i;
i = to!short("0");
assert(i == 0);
i = to!short("+0");
assert(i == 0);
i = to!short("-0");
assert(i == 0);
i = to!short("6");
assert(i == 6);
i = to!short("+23");
assert(i == 23);
i = to!short("-468");
assert(i == -468);
i = to!short("32767");
assert(i == 0x7FFF);
i = to!short("-32768");
assert(i == cast(short)0x8000);
static string[] errors =
[
"",
"-",
"+",
"-+",
" ",
" 0",
"0 ",
"- 0",
"1-",
"xx",
"123h",
"32768",
"-32769",
];
for (int j = 0; j < errors.length; j++)
{
i = 47;
try
{
i = to!short(errors[j]);
printf("i = %d\n", i);
}
catch (Error e)
{
debug(conv) e.print();
i = 3;
}
assert(i == 3);
}
}
/*
Tests for to!ushort
*/
unittest
{
debug(conv) printf("conv.to!ushort.unittest\n");
ushort i;
i = to!ushort("0");
assert(i == 0);
i = to!ushort("6");
assert(i == 6);
i = to!ushort("23");
assert(i == 23);
i = to!ushort("468");
assert(i == 468);
i = to!ushort("32767");
assert(i == 0x7FFF);
i = to!ushort("65535");
assert(i == 0xFFFF);
static string[] errors =
[
"",
"-",
"+",
"-+",
" ",
" 0",
"0 ",
"- 0",
"1-",
"+5",
"-78",
"xx",
"123h",
"65536",
];
for (int j = 0; j < errors.length; j++)
{
i = 47;
try
{
i = to!ushort(errors[j]);
printf("i = %d\n", i);
}
catch (Error e)
{
debug(conv) e.print();
i = 3;
}
assert(i == 3);
}
}
/*******************************************************
Tests for to!byte
*/
unittest
{
debug(conv) printf("conv.to!byte.unittest\n");
byte i;
i = to!byte("0");
assert(i == 0);
i = to!byte("+0");
assert(i == 0);
i = to!byte("-0");
assert(i == 0);
i = to!byte("6");
assert(i == 6);
i = to!byte("+23");
assert(i == 23);
i = to!byte("-68");
assert(i == -68);
i = to!byte("127");
assert(i == 0x7F);
i = to!byte("-128");
assert(i == cast(byte)0x80);
static string[] errors =
[
"",
"-",
"+",
"-+",
" ",
" 0",
"0 ",
"- 0",
"1-",
"xx",
"123h",
"128",
"-129",
];
for (int j = 0; j < errors.length; j++)
{
i = 47;
try
{
i = to!byte(errors[j]);
printf("i = %d\n", i);
}
catch (Error e)
{
debug(conv) e.print();
i = 3;
}
assert(i == 3);
}
}
/*
Tests for to!ubyte
*/
unittest
{
debug(conv) printf("conv.to!ubyte.unittest\n");
ubyte i;
i = to!ubyte("0");
assert(i == 0);
i = to!ubyte("6");
assert(i == 6);
i = to!ubyte("23");
assert(i == 23);
i = to!ubyte("68");
assert(i == 68);
i = to!ubyte("127");
assert(i == 0x7F);
i = to!ubyte("255");
assert(i == 0xFF);
static string[] errors =
[
"",
"-",
"+",
"-+",
" ",
" 0",
"0 ",
"- 0",
"1-",
"+5",
"-78",
"xx",
"123h",
"256",
];
for (int j = 0; j < errors.length; j++)
{
i = 47;
try
{
i = to!ubyte(errors[j]);
printf("i = %d\n", i);
}
catch (Error e)
{
debug(conv) e.print();
i = 3;
}
assert(i == 3);
}
}
// @@@ BUG IN COMPILER
// lvalue of type invariant(T)[] should be implicitly convertible to
// ref const(T)[].
// F parseFloating(S : S[], F)(ref S[] s)
// {
// //writefln("toFloat('%s')", s);
// auto sz = toStringz(to!(const char[])(s));
// if (std.ctype.isspace(*sz))
// goto Lerr;
// // issue 1589
// version (Windows)
// {
// if (icmp(s, "nan") == 0)
// {
// s = s[3 .. $];
// return F.nan;
// }
// }
// // BUG: should set __locale_decpoint to "." for DMC
// setErrno(0);
// char* endptr;
// static if (is(F == float))
// auto f = strtof(sz, &endptr);
// else static if (is(F == double))
// auto f = strtod(sz, &endptr);
// else static if (is(F == real))
// auto f = strtold(sz, &endptr);
// else
// static assert(false);
// if (getErrno() == ERANGE)
// goto Lerr;
// assert(endptr);
// if (endptr == sz)
// {
// // no progress
// goto Lerr;
// }
// s = s[endptr - sz .. $];
// return f;
// Lerr:
// ConvError.raise!(S[], F)(s);
// assert(0);
// }
unittest
{
debug( conv ) writefln( "conv.to!float.unittest" );
float f;
f = to!float( "nAn" );
assert(isnan(f));
f = to!float( "123" );
assert( f == 123f );
f = to!float( "+123" );
assert( f == +123f );
f = to!float( "-123" );
assert( f == -123f );
f = to!float( "123e+2" );
assert( f == 123e+2f );
f = to!float( "123e-2" );
assert( f == 123e-2f );
f = to!float( "123." );
assert( f == 123.f );
f = to!float( ".456" );
assert( f == .456f );
// min and max
f = to!float("1.17549e-38");
assert(feq(cast(real)f, cast(real)1.17549e-38));
assert(feq(cast(real)f, cast(real)float.min));
f = to!float("3.40282e+38");
assert(to!string(f) == to!string(3.40282e+38));
// nan
f = to!float("nan");
assert(to!string(f) == to!string(float.nan));
bool ok = false;
try
{
to!float("\x00");
}
catch (ConvError e)
{
ok = true;
}
assert(ok);
}
/*
Tests for to!double
*/
unittest
{
debug( conv ) writefln( "conv.to!double.unittest" );
double d;
d = to!double( "123" );
assert( d == 123 );
d = to!double( "+123" );
assert( d == +123 );
d = to!double( "-123" );
assert( d == -123 );
d = to!double( "123e2" );
assert( d == 123e2);
d = to!double( "123e-2" );
assert( d == 123e-2 );
d = to!double( "123." );
assert( d == 123. );
d = to!double( ".456" );
assert( d == .456 );
d = to!double( "1.23456E+2" );
assert( d == 1.23456E+2 );
// min and max
d = to!double("2.22507e-308");
assert(feq(cast(real)d, cast(real)2.22508e-308));
assert(feq(cast(real)d, cast(real)double.min));
d = to!double("1.79769e+308");
assert(to!string(d) == to!string(1.79769e+308));
assert(to!string(d) == to!string(double.max));
// nan
d = to!double("nan");
assert(to!string(d) == to!string(double.nan));
//assert(cast(real)d == cast(real)double.nan);
bool ok = false;
try
{
to!double("\x00");
}
catch (ConvError e)
{
ok = true;
}
assert(ok);
}
/*
Tests for to!real
*/
unittest
{
debug(conv) writefln("conv.to!real.unittest");
real r;
r = to!real("123");
assert(r == 123L);
r = to!real("+123");
assert(r == 123L);
r = to!real("-123");
assert(r == -123L);
r = to!real("123e2");
assert(feq(r, 123e2L));
r = to!real("123e-2");
assert(feq(r, 1.23L));
r = to!real("123.");
assert(r == 123L);
r = to!real(".456");
assert(r == .456L);
r = to!real("1.23456e+2");
assert(feq(r, 1.23456e+2L));
r = to!real(to!string(real.max / 2L));
assert(to!string(r) == to!string(real.max / 2L));
// min and max
r = to!real(to!string(real.min));
assert(to!string(r) == to!string(real.min));
r = to!real(to!string(real.max));
assert(to!string(r) == to!string(real.max));
// nan
r = to!real("nan");
assert(to!string(r) == to!string(real.nan));
//assert(r == real.nan);
r = to!real(to!string(real.nan));
assert(to!string(r) == to!string(real.nan));
//assert(r == real.nan);
bool ok = false;
try
{
to!real("\x00");
}
catch (ConvError e)
{
ok = true;
}
assert(ok);
}
version (none)
{ /* These are removed for the moment because of concern about
* what to do about the 'i' suffix. Should it be there?
* Should it not? What about 'nan', should it be 'nani'?
* 'infinity' or 'infinityi'?
* Should it match what to!string(ifloat) does with the 'i' suffix?
*/
/*******************************************************
* ditto
*/
ifloat toIfloat(in string s)
{
return toFloat(s) * 1.0i;
}
unittest
{
debug(conv) writefln("conv.toIfloat.unittest");
ifloat ift;
ift = toIfloat(to!string(123.45));
assert(to!string(ift) == to!string(123.45i));
ift = toIfloat(to!string(456.77i));
assert(to!string(ift) == to!string(456.77i));
// min and max
ift = toIfloat(to!string(ifloat.min));
assert(to!string(ift) == to!string(ifloat.min) );
assert(feq(cast(ireal)ift, cast(ireal)ifloat.min));
ift = toIfloat(to!string(ifloat.max));
assert(to!string(ift) == to!string(ifloat.max));
assert(feq(cast(ireal)ift, cast(ireal)ifloat.max));
// nan
ift = toIfloat("nani");
assert(cast(real)ift == cast(real)ifloat.nan);
ift = toIfloat(to!string(ifloat.nan));
assert(to!string(ift) == to!string(ifloat.nan));
assert(feq(cast(ireal)ift, cast(ireal)ifloat.nan));
}
/*******************************************************
* ditto
*/
idouble toIdouble(in string s)
{
return toDouble(s) * 1.0i;
}
unittest
{
debug(conv) writefln("conv.toIdouble.unittest");
idouble id;
id = toIdouble(to!string("123.45"));
assert(id == 123.45i);
id = toIdouble(to!string("123.45e+302i"));
assert(id == 123.45e+302i);
// min and max
id = toIdouble(to!string(idouble.min));
assert(to!string( id ) == to!string(idouble.min));
assert(feq(cast(ireal)id.re, cast(ireal)idouble.min.re));
assert(feq(cast(ireal)id.im, cast(ireal)idouble.min.im));
id = toIdouble(to!string(idouble.max));
assert(to!string(id) == to!string(idouble.max));
assert(feq(cast(ireal)id.re, cast(ireal)idouble.max.re));
assert(feq(cast(ireal)id.im, cast(ireal)idouble.max.im));
// nan
id = toIdouble("nani");
assert(cast(real)id == cast(real)idouble.nan);
id = toIdouble(to!string(idouble.nan));
assert(to!string(id) == to!string(idouble.nan));
}
/*******************************************************
* ditto
*/
ireal toIreal(in string s)
{
return toReal(s) * 1.0i;
}
unittest
{
debug(conv) writefln("conv.toIreal.unittest");
ireal ir;
ir = toIreal(to!string("123.45"));
assert(feq(cast(real)ir.re, cast(real)123.45i));
ir = toIreal(to!string("123.45e+82i"));
assert(to!string(ir) == to!string(123.45e+82i));
//assert(ir == 123.45e+82i);
// min and max
ir = toIreal(to!string(ireal.min));
assert(to!string(ir) == to!string(ireal.min));
assert(feq(cast(real)ir.re, cast(real)ireal.min.re));
assert(feq(cast(real)ir.im, cast(real)ireal.min.im));
ir = toIreal(to!string(ireal.max));
assert(to!string(ir) == to!string(ireal.max));
assert(feq(cast(real)ir.re, cast(real)ireal.max.re));
//assert(feq(cast(real)ir.im, cast(real)ireal.max.im));
// nan
ir = toIreal("nani");
assert(cast(real)ir == cast(real)ireal.nan);
ir = toIreal(to!string(ireal.nan));
assert(to!string(ir) == to!string(ireal.nan));
}
/*******************************************************
* ditto
*/
cfloat toCfloat(in string s)
{
string s1;
string s2;
real r1;
real r2;
cfloat cf;
bool b = 0;
char* endptr;
if (!s.length)
goto Lerr;
b = getComplexStrings(s, s1, s2);
if (!b)
goto Lerr;
// atof(s1);
endptr = &s1[s1.length - 1];
r1 = strtold(s1, &endptr);
// atof(s2);
endptr = &s2[s2.length - 1];
r2 = strtold(s2, &endptr);
cf = cast(cfloat)(r1 + (r2 * 1.0i));
//writefln( "toCfloat() r1=%g, r2=%g, cf=%g, max=%g",
// r1, r2, cf, cfloat.max);
// Currently disabled due to a posted bug where a
// complex float greater-than compare to .max compares
// incorrectly.
//if (cf > cfloat.max)
// goto Loverflow;
return cf;
Loverflow:
conv_overflow(s);
Lerr:
conv_error(s);
return cast(cfloat)0.0e-0+0i;
}
unittest
{
debug(conv) writefln("conv.toCfloat.unittest");
cfloat cf;
cf = toCfloat(to!string("1.2345e-5+0i"));
assert(to!string(cf) == to!string(1.2345e-5+0i));
assert(feq(cf, 1.2345e-5+0i));
// min and max
cf = toCfloat(to!string(cfloat.min));
assert(to!string(cf) == to!string(cfloat.min));
cf = toCfloat(to!string(cfloat.max));
assert(to!string(cf) == to!string(cfloat.max));
// nan ( nan+nani )
cf = toCfloat("nani");
//writefln("toCfloat() cf=%g, cf=\"%s\", nan=%s",
// cf, to!string(cf), to!string(cfloat.nan));
assert(to!string(cf) == to!string(cfloat.nan));
cf = toCdouble("nan+nani");
assert(to!string(cf) == to!string(cfloat.nan));
cf = toCfloat(to!string(cfloat.nan));
assert(to!string(cf) == to!string(cfloat.nan));
assert(feq(cast(creal)cf, cast(creal)cfloat.nan));
}
/*******************************************************
* ditto
*/
cdouble toCdouble(in string s)
{
string s1;
string s2;
real r1;
real r2;
cdouble cd;
bool b = 0;
char* endptr;
if (!s.length)
goto Lerr;
b = getComplexStrings(s, s1, s2);
if (!b)
goto Lerr;
// atof(s1);
endptr = &s1[s1.length - 1];
r1 = strtold(s1, &endptr);
// atof(s2);
endptr = &s2[s2.length - 1];
r2 = strtold(s2, &endptr); //atof(s2);
cd = cast(cdouble)(r1 + (r2 * 1.0i));
//Disabled, waiting on a bug fix.
//if (cd > cdouble.max) //same problem the toCfloat() having
// goto Loverflow;
return cd;
Loverflow:
conv_overflow(s);
Lerr:
conv_error(s);
return cast(cdouble)0.0e-0+0i;
}
unittest
{
debug(conv) writefln("conv.toCdouble.unittest");
cdouble cd;
cd = toCdouble(to!string("1.2345e-5+0i"));
assert(to!string( cd ) == to!string(1.2345e-5+0i));
assert(feq(cd, 1.2345e-5+0i));
// min and max
cd = toCdouble(to!string(cdouble.min));
assert(to!string(cd) == to!string(cdouble.min));
assert(feq(cast(creal)cd, cast(creal)cdouble.min));
cd = toCdouble(to!string(cdouble.max));
assert(to!string( cd ) == to!string(cdouble.max));
assert(feq(cast(creal)cd, cast(creal)cdouble.max));
// nan ( nan+nani )
cd = toCdouble("nani");
assert(to!string(cd) == to!string(cdouble.nan));
cd = toCdouble("nan+nani");
assert(to!string(cd) == to!string(cdouble.nan));
cd = toCdouble(to!string(cdouble.nan));
assert(to!string(cd) == to!string(cdouble.nan));
assert(feq(cast(creal)cd, cast(creal)cdouble.nan));
}
/*******************************************************
* ditto
*/
creal toCreal(in string s)
{
string s1;
string s2;
real r1;
real r2;
creal cr;
bool b = 0;
char* endptr;
if (!s.length)
goto Lerr;
b = getComplexStrings(s, s1, s2);
if (!b)
goto Lerr;
// atof(s1);
endptr = &s1[s1.length - 1];
r1 = strtold(s1, &endptr);
// atof(s2);
endptr = &s2[s2.length - 1];
r2 = strtold(s2, &endptr); //atof(s2);
//writefln("toCreal() r1=%g, r2=%g, s1=\"%s\", s2=\"%s\", nan=%g",
// r1, r2, s1, s2, creal.nan);
if (s1 =="nan" && s2 == "nani")
cr = creal.nan;
else if (r2 != 0.0)
cr = cast(creal)(r1 + (r2 * 1.0i));
else
cr = cast(creal)(r1 + 0.0i);
return cr;
Lerr:
conv_error(s);
return cast(creal)0.0e-0+0i;
}
unittest
{
debug(conv) writefln("conv.toCreal.unittest");
creal cr;
cr = toCreal(to!string("1.2345e-5+0i"));
assert(to!string(cr) == to!string(1.2345e-5+0i));
assert(feq(cr, 1.2345e-5+0i));
cr = toCreal(to!string("0.0e-0+0i"));
assert(to!string(cr) == to!string(0.0e-0+0i));
assert(cr == 0.0e-0+0i);
assert(feq(cr, 0.0e-0+0i));
cr = toCreal("123");
assert(cr == 123);
cr = toCreal("+5");
assert(cr == 5);
cr = toCreal("-78");
assert(cr == -78);
// min and max
cr = toCreal(to!string(creal.min));
assert(to!string(cr) == to!string(creal.min));
assert(feq(cr, creal.min));
cr = toCreal(to!string(creal.max));
assert(to!string(cr) == to!string(creal.max));
assert(feq(cr, creal.max));
// nan ( nan+nani )
cr = toCreal("nani");
assert(to!string(cr) == to!string(creal.nan));
cr = toCreal("nan+nani");
assert(to!string(cr) == to!string(creal.nan));
cr = toCreal(to!string(cdouble.nan));
assert(to!string(cr) == to!string(creal.nan));
assert(feq(cr, creal.nan));
}
}
/* **************************************************************
* Splits a complex float (cfloat, cdouble, and creal) into two workable strings.
* Grammar:
* ['+'|'-'] string floating-point digit {digit}
*/
private bool getComplexStrings(in string s, out string s1, out string s2)
{
int len = s.length;
if (!len)
goto Lerr;
// When "nan" or "nani" just return them.
if (s == "nan" || s == "nani" || s == "nan+nani")
{
s1 = "nan";
s2 = "nani";
return 1;
}
// Split the original string out into two strings.
for (int i = 1; i < len; i++)
if ((s[i - 1] != 'e' && s[i - 1] != 'E') && s[i] == '+')
{
//s1 = s[0..i]; should work, doesn't
s1 = s[0..i];
if (i + 1 < len - 1)
s2 = s[i + 1..len - 1];
else
s2 = "0e+0i";
break;
}
// Handle the case when there's only a single value
// to work with, and set the other string to zero.
if (!s1.length)
{
s1 = s;
s2 = "0e+0i";
}
//writefln( "getComplexStrings() s=\"%s\", s1=\"%s\", s2=\"%s\", len=%d",
// s, s1, s2, len );
return 1;
Lerr:
// Display the original string in the error message.
throw new ConvError("getComplexStrings() \"" ~ s ~ "\"" ~ " s1=\""
~ s1 ~ "\"" ~ " s2=\"" ~ s2 ~ "\"");
}
// feq() functions now used only in unittesting
/* ***************************************
* Main function to compare reals with given precision
*/
private bool feq(in real rx, in real ry, in real precision)
{
if (rx == ry)
return 1;
if (isnan(rx))
return cast(bool)isnan(ry);
if (isnan(ry))
return 0;
return cast(bool)(fabs(rx - ry) <= precision);
}
/* ***************************************
* (Note: Copied here from std.math's mfeq() function for unittesting)
* Simple function to compare two floating point values
* to a specified precision.
* Returns:
* 1 match
* 0 nomatch
*/
private bool feq(in real r1, in real r2)
{
if (r1 == r2)
return 1;
if (isnan(r1))
return cast(bool)isnan(r2);
if (isnan(r2))
return 0;
return cast(bool)(feq(r1, r2, 0.000001L));
}
/* ***************************************
* compare ireals with given precision
*/
private bool feq(in ireal r1, in ireal r2)
{
real rx = cast(real)r1;
real ry = cast(real)r2;
if (rx == ry)
return 1;
if (isnan(rx))
return cast(bool)isnan(ry);
if (isnan(ry))
return 0;
return feq(rx, ry, 0.000001L);
}
/* ***************************************
* compare creals with given precision
*/
private bool feq(in creal r1, in creal r2)
{
real r1a = fabs(cast(real)r1.re - cast(real)r2.re);
real r2b = fabs(cast(real)r1.im - cast(real)r2.im);
if ((cast(real)r1.re == cast(real)r2.re) &&
(cast(real)r1.im == cast(real)r2.im))
return 1;
if (isnan(r1a))
return cast(bool)isnan(r2b);
if (isnan(r2b))
return 0;
return feq(r1a, r2b, 0.000001L);
}
/// Small unsigned integers to strings.
T to(T, S)(S value) if (isIntegral!S && S.min == 0
&& S.sizeof < uint.sizeof && isSomeString!T)
{
return to!T(cast(uint) value);
}
/// Small signed integers to strings.
T to(T, S)(S value) if (isIntegral!S && S.min < 0
&& S.sizeof < int.sizeof && isSomeString!T)
{
return to!T(cast(int) value);
}
/// Unsigned integers (uint and ulong).
T to(T, S)(S input)
if (indexOf!(Unqual!S, uint, ulong) >= 0 && isSomeString!T)
{
Unqual!S value = input;
alias Unqual!(ElementType!T) Char;
if (value < 10)
{
static invariant Char[10] digits = "0123456789";
// Avoid storage allocation for simple stuff
return digits[cast(size_t) value .. cast(size_t) value + 1];
}
static if (S.sizeof == uint.sizeof)
enum maxlength = S.sizeof * 3;
else
auto maxlength = (value > uint.max ? S.sizeof : uint.sizeof) * 3;
auto result = cast(Char[])
GC.malloc(Char.sizeof * maxlength, GC.BlkAttr.NO_SCAN)
[0 .. maxlength];
uint ndigits = 0;
while (value)
{
const c = cast(Char) ((value % 10) + '0');
value /= 10;
ndigits++;
result[$ - ndigits] = c;
}
return cast(T) result[$ - ndigits .. $];
}
/// $(D char), $(D wchar), $(D dchar) to a string type.
T to(T, S)(S c) if (indexOf!(Unqual!S, char, wchar, dchar) >= 0
&& isSomeString!(T))
{
static if (ElementType!T.sizeof >= S.sizeof)
{
return [ c ];
}
else
{
Unqual!(ElementType!T)[] result;
encode(result, cast(dchar) c);
return cast(T) result;
}
}
version(unittest) private alias TypeTuple!(
char, wchar, dchar,
const(char), const(wchar), const(dchar),
invariant(char), invariant(wchar), invariant(dchar))
AllChars;
unittest
{
foreach (Char1; AllChars)
{
foreach (Char2; AllChars)
{
Char1 c = 'a';
assert(to!(Char2[])(c)[0] == c);
}
}
}
/// Signed values ($(D int) and $(D long)).
T to(T, S)(S value) if (indexOf!(Unqual!S, int, long) >= 0 && isSomeString!T)
{
if (value >= 0)
return to!T(cast(Unsigned!(S)) value);
alias Unqual!(ElementType!T) Char;
Char[1 + S.sizeof * 3] buffer;
Char[] result;
ulong u = cast(ulong)(-value);
int ndigits = 1;
while (u)
{
char c = cast(char)((u % 10) + '0');
u /= 10;
buffer[buffer.length - ndigits] = c;
ndigits++;
}
buffer[buffer.length - ndigits] = '-';
result = new Char[ndigits];
result[] = buffer[buffer.length - ndigits .. buffer.length];
return cast(T) result;
}
unittest
{
string r;
int i;
r = to!string(0L);
i = cmp(r, "0");
assert(i == 0);
r = to!string(9L);
i = cmp(r, "9");
assert(i == 0);
r = to!string(123L);
i = cmp(r, "123");
assert(i == 0);
r = to!string(-0L);
i = cmp(r, "0");
assert(i == 0);
r = to!string(-9L);
i = cmp(r, "-9");
assert(i == 0);
r = to!string(-123L);
i = cmp(r, "-123");
assert(i == 0);
}
/// C-style strings
T to(T, S)(S s) if (is(S : const(char)*) && isSomeString!(T))
{
//if (s) writeln("cacat ", s[0 .. strlen(s)]);
return s ? cast(T) s[0 .. strlen(s)].dup : cast(string)null;
}
/// $(D float) to all string types.
T to(T, S)(S f) if (is(Unqual!S == float) && isSomeString!(T))
{
return to!T(cast(double) f);
}
/// $(D double) to all string types.
T to(T, S)(S d) if (is(Unqual!S == double) && isSomeString!(T))
{
//alias Unqual!(ElementType!T) Char;
char[20] buffer;
int len = sprintf(buffer.ptr, "%g", d);
return to!T(buffer[0 .. len].dup);
}
/// $(D real) to all string types.
T to(T, S)(S r) if (is(Unqual!S == real) && isSomeString!(T))
{
char[20] buffer;
int len = sprintf(buffer.ptr, "%Lg", r);
return to!T(buffer[0 .. len].dup);
}
/// $(D ifloat) to all string types.
T to(T, S)(S f) if (is(Unqual!S == ifloat) && isSomeString!(T))
{
return to!T(cast(idouble) f);
}
/// $(D idouble) to all string types.
T to(T, S)(S d) if (is(Unqual!S == idouble) && isSomeString!(T))
{
char[21] buffer;
int len = sprintf(buffer.ptr, "%gi", d);
return to!T(buffer[0 .. len].dup);
}
/// $(D ireal) to all string types.
T to(T, S)(S r) if (is(Unqual!S == ireal) && isSomeString!(T))
{
char[21] buffer;
int len = sprintf(buffer.ptr, "%Lgi", r);
//assert(len < buffer.length); // written bytes is len + 1
return to!T(buffer[0 .. len].dup);
}
/// $(D cfloat) to all string types.
T to(T, S)(S f) if (is(Unqual!S == cfloat) && isSomeString!(T))
{
return to!string(cast(cdouble) f);
}
/// $(D cdouble) to all string types.
T to(T, S)(S d) if (is(Unqual!S == cdouble) && isSomeString!(T))
{
char[20 + 1 + 20 + 1] buffer;
int len = sprintf(buffer.ptr, "%g+%gi", d.re, d.im);
return to!T(buffer[0 .. len]);
}
/// $(D creal) to all string types.
T to(T, S)(S r) if (is(Unqual!S == creal) && isSomeString!(T))
{
char[20 + 1 + 20 + 1] buffer;
int len = sprintf(buffer.ptr, "%Lg+%Lgi", r.re, r.im);
return to!T(buffer[0 .. len].dup);
}
/******************************************
* Convert value to string in _radix radix.
*
* radix must be a value from 2 to 36.
* value is treated as a signed value only if radix is 10.
* The characters A through Z are used to represent values 10 through 36.
*/
T to(T, S)(S value, uint radix)
if (indexOf!(Unqual!S, int, long) >= 0 && isSomeString!(T))
in
{
assert(radix >= 2 && radix <= 36);
}
body
{
if (radix == 10)
return to!string(value); // handle signed cases only for radix 10
return to!string(cast(ulong) value, radix);
}
/// ditto
T to(T, S)(S value, uint radix)
if (is(Unqual!S == ulong) && isSomeString!(T))
in
{
assert(radix >= 2 && radix <= 36);
}
body
{
char[value.sizeof * 8] buffer;
uint i = buffer.length;
if (value < radix && value < hexdigits.length)
return hexdigits[cast(size_t)value .. cast(size_t)value + 1];
do
{
ubyte c;
c = cast(ubyte)(value % radix);
value = value / radix;
i--;
buffer[i] = cast(char)((c < 10) ? c + '0' : c + 'A' - 10);
} while (value);
return to!T(buffer[i .. length].dup);
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.toString(ulong, uint).unittest\n");
string r;
int i;
r = to!string(-10L, 10u);
assert(r == "-10");
r = to!string(15L, 2u);
//writefln("r = '%s'", r);
assert(r == "1111");
r = to!string(1L, 2u);
//writefln("r = '%s'", r);
assert(r == "1");
r = to!string(0x1234AFL, 16u);
//writefln("r = '%s'", r);
assert(r == "1234AF");
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.toString(char).unittest\n");
string s = "foo";
string s2;
foreach (char c; s)
{
s2 ~= to!string(c);
}
//printf("%.*s", s2);
assert(s2 == "foo");
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.toString(uint).unittest\n");
string r;
int i;
r = to!string(0u);
i = cmp(r, "0");
assert(i == 0);
r = to!string(9u);
i = cmp(r, "9");
assert(i == 0);
r = to!string(123u);
i = cmp(r, "123");
assert(i == 0);
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.toString(ulong).unittest\n");
string r;
int i;
r = to!string(0uL);
i = cmp(r, "0");
assert(i == 0);
r = to!string(9uL);
i = cmp(r, "9");
assert(i == 0);
r = to!string(123uL);
i = cmp(r, "123");
assert(i == 0);
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.toString(int).unittest\n");
string r;
int i;
r = to!string(0);
i = cmp(r, "0");
assert(i == 0);
r = to!string(9);
i = cmp(r, "9");
assert(i == 0);
r = to!string(123);
i = cmp(r, "123");
assert(i == 0);
r = to!string(-0);
i = cmp(r, "0");
assert(i == 0);
r = to!string(-9);
i = cmp(r, "-9");
assert(i == 0);
r = to!string(-123);
i = cmp(r, "-123");
assert(i == 0);
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.toString(long).unittest\n");
string r;
int i;
r = to!string(0L);
i = cmp(r, "0");
assert(i == 0);
r = to!string(9L);
i = cmp(r, "9");
assert(i == 0);
r = to!string(123L);
i = cmp(r, "123");
assert(i == 0);
r = to!string(-0L);
i = cmp(r, "0");
assert(i == 0);
r = to!string(-9L);
i = cmp(r, "-9");
assert(i == 0);
r = to!string(-123L);
i = cmp(r, "-123");
assert(i == 0);
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.to!string(ulong, uint).unittest\n");
string r;
int i;
r = to!string(-10L, 10u);
assert(r == "-10");
r = to!string(15L, 2u);
//writefln("r = '%s'", r);
assert(r == "1111");
r = to!string(1L, 2u);
//writefln("r = '%s'", r);
assert(r == "1");
r = to!string(0x1234AFL, 16u);
//writefln("r = '%s'", r);
assert(r == "1234AF");
}
unittest
{
debug(string) printf("string.to!string(char*).unittest\n");
string r;
int i;
r = to!string(cast(char*) null);
i = cmp(r, "");
assert(i == 0);
r = to!string("foo\0".ptr);
i = cmp(r, "foo");
assert(i == 0);
}
unittest
{
string s = "foo";
string s2;
foreach (char c; s)
{
s2 ~= to!string(c);
}
//printf("%.*s", s2);
assert(s2 == "foo");
}
unittest
{
string r;
int i;
r = to!string(0uL);
i = cmp(r, "0");
assert(i == 0);
r = to!string(9uL);
i = cmp(r, "9");
assert(i == 0);
r = to!string(123uL);
i = cmp(r, "123");
assert(i == 0);
}
unittest
{
string r;
int i;
r = to!string(0u);
i = cmp(r, "0");
assert(i == 0);
r = to!string(9u);
i = cmp(r, "9");
assert(i == 0);
r = to!string(123u);
i = cmp(r, "123");
assert(i == 0);
}
private S textImpl(S, U...)(U args)
{
S result;
foreach (i, arg; args)
{
result ~= to!(S)(args[i]);
}
return result;
}
/**
Convenience functions for converting any number and types of arguments
into text (the three character widths).
Example:
----
assert(text(42, ' ', 1.5, ": xyz") == "42 1.5: xyz");
assert(wtext(42, ' ', 1.5, ": xyz") == "42 1.5: xyz"w);
assert(dtext(42, ' ', 1.5, ": xyz") == "42 1.5: xyz"d);
----
*/
string text(T...)(T args) { return textImpl!(string, T)(args); }
///ditto
// wstring wtext(T...)(T args) { return textImpl!(wstring, T)(args); }
// ///ditto
// dstring dtext(T...)(T args) { return textImpl!(dstring, T)(args); }
unittest
{
// assert(text(42, ' ', 1.5, ": xyz") == "42 1.5: xyz");
// assert(wtext(42, ' ', 1.5, ": xyz") == "42 1.5: xyz"w);
// assert(dtext(42, ' ', 1.5, ": xyz") == "42 1.5: xyz"d);
}