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module paranoia;
/* A D version of Kahan's Floating Point Test "Paranoia"
Rainer Schuetze, April 2018
This is a translation from the C version
(http://www.netlib.org/paranoia/paranoia.c) by
Thos Sumner, UCSF, Feb. 1985
David Gay, BTL, Jan. 1986
This is a rewrite from the Pascal version by
B. A. Wichmann, 18 Jan. 1985
(and does NOT exhibit good C programming style).
Adjusted to use Standard C headers 19 Jan. 1992 (dmg);
compile with -DKR_headers or insert
#define KR_headers
at the beginning if you have an old-style C compiler.
(C) Apr 19 1983 in BASIC version by:
Professor W. M. Kahan,
567 Evans Hall
Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Dept.
University of California
Berkeley, California 94720
USA
converted to Pascal by:
B. A. Wichmann
National Physical Laboratory
Teddington Middx
TW11 OLW
UK
converted to C by:
David M. Gay and Thos Sumner
AT&T Bell Labs Computer Center, Rm. U-76
600 Mountain Avenue University of California
Murray Hill, NJ 07974 San Francisco, CA 94143
USA USA
with simultaneous corrections to the Pascal source (reflected
in the Pascal source available over netlib).
[A couple of bug fixes from dgh = sun!dhough incorporated 31 July 1986.]
Reports of results on various systems from all the versions
of Paranoia are being collected by Richard Karpinski at the
same address as Thos Sumner. This includes sample outputs,
bug reports, and criticisms.
You may copy this program freely if you acknowledge its source.
Comments on the Pascal version to NPL, please.
The C version catches signals from floating-point exceptions.
If signal(SIGFPE,...) is unavailable in your environment, you may
#define NOSIGNAL to comment out the invocations of signal.
This source file is too big for some C compilers, but may be split
into pieces. Comments containing "SPLIT" suggest convenient places
for this splitting. At the end of these comments is an "ed script"
(for the UNIX(tm) editor ed) that will do this splitting.
By #defining Single when you compile this source, you may obtain
a single-precision C version of Paranoia.
The following is from the introductory commentary from Wichmann's work:
The BASIC program of Kahan is written in Microsoft BASIC using many
facilities which have no exact analogy in Pascal. The Pascal
version below cannot therefore be exactly the same. Rather than be
a minimal transcription of the BASIC program, the Pascal coding
follows the conventional style of block-structured languages. Hence
the Pascal version could be useful in producing versions in other
structured languages.
Rather than use identifiers of minimal length (which therefore have
little mnemonic significance), the Pascal version uses meaningful
identifiers as follows [Note: A few changes have been made for C]:
BASIC C BASIC C BASIC C
A J S StickyBit
A1 AInverse J0 NoErrors T
B Radix [Failure] T0 Underflow
B1 BInverse J1 NoErrors T2 ThirtyTwo
B2 RadixD2 [SeriousDefect] T5 OneAndHalf
B9 BMinusU2 J2 NoErrors T7 TwentySeven
C [Defect] T8 TwoForty
C1 CInverse J3 NoErrors U OneUlp
D [Flaw] U0 UnderflowThreshold
D4 FourD K PageNo U1
E0 L Milestone U2
E1 M V
E2 Exp2 N V0
E3 N1 V8
E5 MinSqEr O Zero V9
E6 SqEr O1 One W
E7 MaxSqEr O2 Two X
E8 O3 Three X1
E9 O4 Four X8
F1 MinusOne O5 Five X9 Random1
F2 Half O8 Eight Y
F3 Third O9 Nine Y1
F6 P Precision Y2
F9 Q Y9 Random2
G1 GMult Q8 Z
G2 GDiv Q9 Z0 PseudoZero
G3 GAddSub R Z1
H R1 RMult Z2
H1 HInverse R2 RDiv Z9
I R3 RAddSub
IO NoTrials R4 RSqrt
I3 IEEE R9 Random9
SqRWrng
All the variables in BASIC are true variables and in consequence,
the program is more difficult to follow since the "constants" must
be determined (the glossary is very helpful). The Pascal version
uses Real constants, but checks are added to ensure that the values
are correctly converted by the compiler.
The major textual change to the Pascal version apart from the
identifiersis that named procedures are used, inserting parameters
wherehelpful. New procedures are also introduced. The
correspondence is as follows:
BASIC Pascal
lines
90- 140 Pause
170- 250 Instructions
380- 460 Heading
480- 670 Characteristics
690- 870 History
2940-2950 Random
3710-3740 NewD
4040-4080 DoesYequalX
4090-4110 PrintIfNPositive
4640-4850 TestPartialUnderflow
=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=
Below is an "ed script" that splits para.c into 10 files
of the form part[1-8].c, subs.c, and msgs.c, plus a header
file, paranoia.h, that these files require.
r paranoia.c
$
?SPLIT
.d
+d
-,$w msgs.c
-,$d
?SPLIT
.d
+d
-,$w subs.c
-,$d
?part8
+d
?include
.,$w part8.c
.,$d
-d
?part7
+d
?include
.,$w part7.c
.,$d
-d
?part6
+d
?include
.,$w part6.c
.,$d
-d
?part5
+d
?include
.,$w part5.c
.,$d
-d
?part4
+d
?include
.,$w part4.c
.,$d
-d
?part3
+d
?include
.,$w part3.c
.,$d
-d
?part2
+d
?include
.,$w part2.c
.,$d
?SPLIT
.d
1,/^#include/-1d
1,$w part1.c
/Computed constants/,$d
1,$s/^int/extern &/
1,$s/^FLOAT/extern &/
1,$s/^char/extern &/
1,$s! = .*!;!
/^Guard/,/^Round/s/^/extern /
/^jmp_buf/s/^/extern /
/^Sig_type/s/^/extern /
s/$/\
extern void sigfpe(INT);/
w paranoia.h
q
*/
import core.stdc.stdio;
import core.stdc.signal;
import core.stdc.stdlib;
import std.math : fabs, floor, log, sqrt, pow;
// default to double
version(Single) {} else
version(Extended) {} else
version(ExtendedSoft) {} else
version = Double;
version = NOSIGNAL;
version = NOPAUSE;
version(ExtendedSoft) // inaccuracy of C runtime sqrt function
enum relaxedChecks = true;
else version(CTFE)
enum relaxedChecks = true;
else
enum relaxedChecks = false;
version(Single) {
alias float FLOAT;
alias FLOAT toFLOAT;
auto FABS( ARG1 )(ARG1 x) { return cast(float)fabs(cast(double)x); }
auto FLOOR( ARG1 )(ARG1 x) { return cast(float)floor(cast(double)x); }
auto LOG( ARG1 )(ARG1 x) { return cast(float)log(cast(double)x); }
auto POW( ARG1, ARG2 )(ARG1 x, ARG2 y) { return cast(float)pow(cast(double)x,cast(double)y); }
auto SQRT( ARG1 )(ARG1 x) { return cast(float)sqrt(cast(double)x); }
void printFLOAT(const(char) *fmt, FLOAT f) { printf(fmt, f); }
} else version(Double) {
alias double FLOAT;
alias FLOAT toFLOAT;
auto FABS( ARG1 )(ARG1 x) { return fabs(x); }
auto FLOOR( ARG1 )(ARG1 x) { return floor(x); }
auto LOG( ARG1 )(ARG1 x) { return log(x); }
auto POW( ARG1, ARG2 )(ARG1 x, ARG2 y) { return pow(x,y); }
auto SQRT( ARG1 )(ARG1 x) { return sqrt(x); }
void printFLOAT(const(char) *fmt, FLOAT f) { printf(fmt, f); }
} else version(Extended) {
alias real FLOAT;
alias FLOAT toFLOAT;
auto FABS( ARG1 )(ARG1 x) { return fabs(x); }
auto FLOOR( ARG1 )(ARG1 x) { return floor(x); }
auto LOG( ARG1 )(ARG1 x) { return log(x); }
auto POW( ARG1, ARG2 )(ARG1 x, ARG2 y) { return pow(x,y); }
auto SQRT( ARG1 )(ARG1 x) { return sqrt(x); }
void printFLOAT(const(char) *fmt, FLOAT f) { printExtended(fmt, f); }
} else version(ExtendedSoft) {
import dmd.root.longdouble;
alias longdouble_soft FLOAT;
alias longdouble_soft toFLOAT;
auto FABS( ARG1 )(ARG1 x) { return fabsl(x); }
auto FLOOR( ARG1 )(ARG1 x) { return toFLOAT(floor(cast(double)x)); }
auto LOG( ARG1 )(ARG1 x) { return toFLOAT(log(cast(double)x)); }
auto POW( ARG1, ARG2 )(ARG1 x, ARG2 y) { return toFLOAT(pow(cast(double)x,cast(double)y)); }
auto SQRT( ARG1 )(ARG1 x) { return sqrtl(toFLOAT(x)); }
void printFLOAT(const(char) *fmt, FLOAT f) { printExtended(fmt, f); }
}
else static assert(false, "no floating point type selected");
version(Single) {} else
version(Double) {} else
void printExtended(const(char) *fmt, FLOAT f)
{
version(CTFE)
return;
else version(CRuntime_Microsoft)
{
import dmd.root.longdouble;
char[64] str;
if (cast(double)f == f)
printf("%lg", cast(double)f);
else
{
ld_sprint(str.ptr, str.length, 'A', longdouble_soft(f));
printf("%s", str.ptr);
}
}
else
printf("%Lg", f);
}
version(NOSIGNAL) {
alias jmp_buf = int;
const jmp_buf ovfl_buf = 0;
int setjmp(const jmp_buf) { return 0; }
}
else
{
jmp_buf ovfl_buf;
}
// not #if KR_headers
alias void VOID;
alias int INT;
alias FLOAT FP;
alias const(char) *CHARP;
alias const(char) **CHARPP;
alias void function(int) Sig_type;
FLOAT Sign(FLOAT);
FLOAT Random();
// embed everything into struct to avoid globals
struct Paranoia {
Sig_type sigsave;
enum KEYBOARD = 0;
FLOAT Radix, BInvrse, RadixD2, BMinusU2;
/*Small floating point constants.*/
FLOAT Zero;
FLOAT Half;
FLOAT One;
FLOAT Two;
FLOAT Three;
FLOAT Four;
FLOAT Five;
FLOAT Eight;
FLOAT Nine;
FLOAT Ten;
FLOAT TwentySeven;
FLOAT ThirtyTwo;
FLOAT TwoForty;
FLOAT MinusOne;
FLOAT OneAndHalf;
/*Integer constants*/
int NoTrials = 20; /*Number of tests for commutativity. */
enum False = 0;
enum True = 1;
/* Definitions for declared types
Guard == (Yes, No);
Rounding == (Chopped, Rounded, Other);
Message == packed array [1..40] of char;
Class == (Flaw, Defect, Serious, Failure);
*/
enum Yes = 1;
enum No = 0;
enum Chopped = 2;
enum Rounded = 1;
enum Other = 0;
enum Flaw = 3;
enum Defect = 2;
enum Serious = 1;
enum Failure = 0;
alias int Guard, Rounding, Class;
alias char Message;
/* Declarations of Variables */
int Indx;
char[8] ch;
FLOAT AInvrse, A1;
FLOAT C, CInvrse;
FLOAT D, FourD;
FLOAT E0, E1, Exp2, E3, MinSqEr;
FLOAT SqEr, MaxSqEr, E9;
FLOAT Third;
FLOAT F6, F9;
FLOAT H, HInvrse;
int I;
FLOAT StickyBit, J;
FLOAT MyZero;
FLOAT Precision;
FLOAT Q, Q9;
FLOAT R, Random9;
FLOAT T, Underflow, S;
FLOAT OneUlp, UfThold, U1, U2;
FLOAT V, V0, V9;
FLOAT W;
FLOAT X, X1, X2, X8, Random1;
FLOAT Y, Y1, Y2, Random2;
FLOAT Z, PseudoZero, Z1, Z2, Z9;
int[4] ErrCnt;
int fpecount;
int Milestone;
int PageNo;
int M, N, N1;
Guard GMult, GDiv, GAddSub;
Rounding RMult, RDiv, RAddSub, RSqrt;
int Break, Done, NotMonot, Monot, Anomaly, IEEE,
SqRWrng, UfNGrad;
/* Computed constants. */
/*U1 gap below 1.0, i.e, 1.0-U1 is next number below 1.0 */
/*U2 gap above 1.0, i.e, 1.0+U2 is next number above 1.0 */
/* floating point exception receiver */
version(NOSIGNAL)
Sig_type sigfpe = null;
else
void
sigfpe(INT x)
{
fpecount++;
printf("\n* * * FLOATING-POINT ERROR %d * * *\n", x);
fflush(stdout);
if (sigsave) {
version(NOSIGNAL) {} else
signal(SIGFPE, sigsave);
sigsave = 0;
longjmp(ovfl_buf, 1);
}
exit(1);
}
int main()
{
/* First two assignments use integer right-hand sides. */
Zero = 0;
One = 1;
Two = One + One;
Three = Two + One;
Four = Three + One;
Five = Four + One;
Eight = Four + Four;
Nine = Three * Three;
Ten = Five * Two;
TwentySeven = Nine * Three;
ThirtyTwo = Four * Eight;
TwoForty = Four * Five * Three * Four;
MinusOne = -One;
Half = One / Two;
OneAndHalf = One + Half;
ErrCnt[Failure] = 0;
ErrCnt[Serious] = 0;
ErrCnt[Defect] = 0;
ErrCnt[Flaw] = 0;
PageNo = 1;
/*=============================================*/
Milestone = 0;
/*=============================================*/
version(NOSIGNAL) {} else
signal(SIGFPE, sigfpe);
Instructions();
Pause();
Heading();
Pause();
Characteristics();
Pause();
History();
Pause();
/*=============================================*/
Milestone = 7;
/*=============================================*/
printf("Program is now RUNNING tests on small integers:\n");
TstCond (Failure, (Zero + Zero == Zero) && (One - One == Zero)
&& (One > Zero) && (One + One == Two),
"0+0 != 0, 1-1 != 0, 1 <= 0, or 1+1 != 2");
Z = - Zero;
if (Z != 0.0) {
ErrCnt[Failure] = ErrCnt[Failure] + 1;
printf("Comparison alleges that -0.0 is Non-zero!\n");
U2 = 0.001;
Radix = 1;
TstPtUf();
}
TstCond (Failure, (Three == Two + One) && (Four == Three + One)
&& (Four + Two * (- Two) == Zero)
&& (Four - Three - One == Zero),
"3 != 2+1, 4 != 3+1, 4+2*(-2) != 0, or 4-3-1 != 0");
TstCond (Failure, (MinusOne == (0 - One))
&& (MinusOne + One == Zero ) && (One + MinusOne == Zero)
&& (MinusOne + FABS(One) == Zero)
&& (MinusOne + MinusOne * MinusOne == Zero),
"-1+1 != 0, (-1)+abs(1) != 0, or -1+(-1)*(-1) != 0");
TstCond (Failure, Half + MinusOne + Half == Zero,
"1/2 + (-1) + 1/2 != 0");
/*=============================================*/
/*SPLIT
{
extern void part2(), part3(), part4(),
part5(), part6(), part7();
int part8();
part2();
part3();
part4();
part5();
part6();
part7();
return part8();
}
}
#include "paranoia.h"
void part2(){
*/
Milestone = 10;
/*=============================================*/
TstCond (Failure, (Nine == Three * Three)
&& (TwentySeven == Nine * Three) && (Eight == Four + Four)
&& (ThirtyTwo == Eight * Four)
&& (ThirtyTwo - TwentySeven - Four - One == Zero),
"9 != 3*3, 27 != 9*3, 32 != 8*4, or 32-27-4-1 != 0");
TstCond (Failure, (Five == Four + One) &&
(TwoForty == Four * Five * Three * Four)
&& (TwoForty / Three - Four * Four * Five == Zero)
&& ( TwoForty / Four - Five * Three * Four == Zero)
&& ( TwoForty / Five - Four * Three * Four == Zero),
"5 != 4+1, 240/3 != 80, 240/4 != 60, or 240/5 != 48");
if (ErrCnt[Failure] == 0) {
printf("-1, 0, 1/2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 27, 32 & 240 are O.K.\n");
printf("\n");
}
printf("Searching for Radix and Precision.\n");
W = One;
do {
W = W + W;
Y = W + One;
Z = Y - W;
Y = Z - One;
} while (MinusOne + FABS(Y) < Zero);
/*.. now W is just big enough that |((W+1)-W)-1| >= 1 ...*/
Precision = Zero;
Y = One;
do {
Radix = W + Y;
Y = Y + Y;
Radix = Radix - W;
} while ( Radix == Zero);
if (Radix < Two) Radix = One;
printf("Radix = "); printFLOAT("%f", Radix); printf (" .\n");
if (Radix != 1) {
W = One;
do {
Precision = Precision + One;
W = W * Radix;
Y = W + One;
} while ((Y - W) == One);
}
/*... now W == Radix^Precision is barely too big to satisfy (W+1)-W == 1
...*/
U1 = One / W;
U2 = Radix * U1;
printf("Closest relative separation found is U1 = "); printFLOAT("%.7e", U1); printf(" .\n\n");
printf("Recalculating radix and precision\n ");
/*save old values*/
E0 = Radix;
E1 = U1;
E9 = U2;
E3 = Precision;
X = Four / Three;
Third = X - One;
F6 = Half - Third;
X = F6 + F6;
X = FABS(X - Third);
if (X < U2) X = U2;
/*... now X = (unknown no.) ulps of 1+...*/
do {
U2 = X;
Y = Half * U2 + ThirtyTwo * U2 * U2;
Y = One + Y;
X = Y - One;
} while ( ! ((U2 <= X) || (X <= Zero)));
/*... now U2 == 1 ulp of 1 + ... */
X = Two / Three;
F6 = X - Half;
Third = F6 + F6;
X = Third - Half;
X = FABS(X + F6);
if (X < U1) X = U1;
/*... now X == (unknown no.) ulps of 1 -... */
do {
U1 = X;
Y = Half * U1 + ThirtyTwo * U1 * U1;
Y = Half - Y;
X = Half + Y;
Y = Half - X;
X = Half + Y;
} while ( ! ((U1 <= X) || (X <= Zero)));
/*... now U1 == 1 ulp of 1 - ... */
if (U1 == E1) printf("confirms closest relative separation U1 .\n");
else printf("gets better closest relative separation U1 = "), printFLOAT("%.7e", U1), printf(" .\n");
W = One / U1;
F9 = (Half - U1) + Half;
Radix = FLOOR(0.01 + U2 / U1);
if (Radix == E0) printf("Radix confirmed.\n");
else printf("MYSTERY: recalculated Radix = "), printFLOAT("%.7e", Radix), printf(" .\n");
TstCond (Defect, Radix <= Eight + Eight,
"Radix is too big: roundoff problems");
TstCond (Flaw, (Radix == Two) || (Radix == Ten)
|| (Radix == One), "Radix is not as good as 2 or 10");
/*=============================================*/
Milestone = 20;
/*=============================================*/
TstCond (Failure, F9 - Half < Half,
"(1-U1)-1/2 < 1/2 is FALSE, prog. fails?");
X = F9;
I = 1;
Y = X - Half;
Z = Y - Half;
TstCond (Failure, (X != One)
|| (Z == Zero), "Comparison is fuzzy,X=1 but X-1/2-1/2 != 0");
X = One + U2;
I = 0;
/*=============================================*/
Milestone = 25;
/*=============================================*/
/*... BMinusU2 = nextafter(Radix, 0) */
BMinusU2 = Radix - One;
BMinusU2 = (BMinusU2 - U2) + One;
/* Purify Integers */
if (Radix != One) {
X = - TwoForty * LOG(U1) / LOG(Radix);
Y = FLOOR(Half + X);
if (FABS(X - Y) * Four < One) X = Y;
Precision = X / TwoForty;
Y = FLOOR(Half + Precision);
if (FABS(Precision - Y) * TwoForty < Half) Precision = Y;
}
if ((Precision != FLOOR(Precision)) || (Radix == One)) {
printf("Precision cannot be characterized by an Integer number\n");
printf("of significant digits but, by itself, this is a minor flaw.\n");
}
if (Radix == One)
printf("logarithmic encoding has precision characterized solely by U1.\n");
else printf("The number of significant digits of the Radix is "), printFLOAT("%f", Precision), printf(" .\n");
assert(Radix == 2);
assert(__ctfe || Precision == FLOAT.mant_dig);
TstCond (Serious, U2 * Nine * Nine * TwoForty < One,
"Precision worse than 5 decimal figures ");
/*=============================================*/
Milestone = 30;
/*=============================================*/
/* Test for extra-precise subepressions */
X = FABS(((Four / Three - One) - One / Four) * Three - One / Four);
do {
Z2 = X;
X = (One + (Half * Z2 + ThirtyTwo * Z2 * Z2)) - One;
} while ( ! ((Z2 <= X) || (X <= Zero)));
X = Y = Z = FABS((Three / Four - Two / Three) * Three - One / Four);
do {
Z1 = Z;
Z = (One / Two - ((One / Two - (Half * Z1 + ThirtyTwo * Z1 * Z1))
+ One / Two)) + One / Two;
} while ( ! ((Z1 <= Z) || (Z <= Zero)));
do {
do {
Y1 = Y;
Y = (Half - ((Half - (Half * Y1 + ThirtyTwo * Y1 * Y1)) + Half
)) + Half;
} while ( ! ((Y1 <= Y) || (Y <= Zero)));
X1 = X;
X = ((Half * X1 + ThirtyTwo * X1 * X1) - F9) + F9;
} while ( ! ((X1 <= X) || (X <= Zero)));
if ((X1 != Y1) || (X1 != Z1)) {
BadCond(Serious, "Disagreements among the values X1, Y1, Z1,\n");
printf("respectively "); printFLOAT("%.7e", X1); printf(", "); printFLOAT("%.7e", Y1); printf(", "); printFLOAT("%.7e", Z1); printf(",\n");
printf("are symptoms of inconsistencies introduced\n");
printf("by extra-precise evaluation of arithmetic subexpressions.\n");
notify("Possibly some part of this");
if ((X1 == U1) || (Y1 == U1) || (Z1 == U1)) printf(
"That feature is not tested further by this program.\n") ;
}
else {
if ((Z1 != U1) || (Z2 != U2)) {
if ((Z1 >= U1) || (Z2 >= U2)) {
BadCond(Failure, "");
notify("Precision");
printf("\tU1 = "); printFLOAT("%.7e", U1); printf(", Z1 - U1 = "); printFLOAT("%.7e", Z1-U1); printf("\n");
printf("\tU2 = "); printFLOAT("%.7e", U2); printf(", Z2 - U2 = "); printFLOAT("%.7e", Z2-U2); printf("\n");
}
else {
if ((Z1 <= Zero) || (Z2 <= Zero)) {
printf("Because of unusual Radix = "); printFLOAT("%f", Radix);
printf(", or exact rational arithmetic a result\n");
printf("Z1 = "); printFLOAT("%.7e", Z1); printf(", or Z2 = "); printFLOAT("%.7e", Z2); printf(" ");
notify("of an\nextra-precision");
}
if (Z1 != Z2 || Z1 > Zero) {
X = Z1 / U1;
Y = Z2 / U2;
if (Y > X) X = Y;
Q = - LOG(X);
printf("Some subexpressions appear to be calculated extra\n");
printf("precisely with about "); printFLOAT("%g", Q / LOG(Radix)); printf(" extra B-digits, i.e.\n");
printf("roughly "); printFLOAT("%g", Q / LOG(Ten)); printf(" extra significant decimals.\n");
}
printf("That feature is not tested further by this program.\n");
}
}
}
Pause();
/*=============================================*/
/*SPLIT
}
#include "paranoia.h"
void part3(){
*/
Milestone = 35;
/*=============================================*/
if (Radix >= Two) {
X = W / (Radix * Radix);
Y = X + One;
Z = Y - X;
T = Z + U2;
X = T - Z;
TstCond (Failure, X == U2,
"Subtraction is not normalized X=Y,X+Z != Y+Z!");
if (X == U2) printf(
"Subtraction appears to be normalized, as it should be.");
}
printf("\nChecking for guard digit in *, /, and -.\n");
Y = F9 * One;
Z = One * F9;
X = F9 - Half;
Y = (Y - Half) - X;
Z = (Z - Half) - X;
X = One + U2;
T = X * Radix;
R = Radix * X;
X = T - Radix;
X = X - Radix * U2;
T = R - Radix;
T = T - Radix * U2;
X = X * (Radix - One);
T = T * (Radix - One);
if ((X == Zero) && (Y == Zero) && (Z == Zero) && (T == Zero)) GMult = Yes;
else {
GMult = No;
TstCond (Serious, False,
"* lacks a Guard Digit, so 1*X != X");
}
Z = Radix * U2;
X = One + Z;
Y = FABS((X + Z) - X * X) - U2;
X = One - U2;
Z = FABS((X - U2) - X * X) - U1;
TstCond (Failure, (Y <= Zero)
&& (Z <= Zero), "* gets too many final digits wrong.\n");
Y = One - U2;
X = One + U2;
Z = One / Y;
Y = Z - X;
X = One / Three;
Z = Three / Nine;
X = X - Z;
T = Nine / TwentySeven;
Z = Z - T;
TstCond(Defect, X == Zero && Y == Zero && Z == Zero,
"Division lacks a Guard Digit, so error can exceed 1 ulp
or 1/3 and 3/9 and 9/27 may disagree");
Y = F9 / One;
X = F9 - Half;
Y = (Y - Half) - X;
X = One + U2;
T = X / One;
X = T - X;
if ((X == Zero) && (Y == Zero) && (Z == Zero)) GDiv = Yes;
else {
GDiv = No;
TstCond (Serious, False,
"Division lacks a Guard Digit, so X/1 != X");
}
X = One / (One + U2);
Y = X - Half - Half;
TstCond (Serious, Y < Zero,
"Computed value of 1/1.000..1 >= 1");
X = One - U2;
Y = One + Radix * U2;
Z = X * Radix;
T = Y * Radix;
R = Z / Radix;
StickyBit = T / Radix;
X = R - X;
Y = StickyBit - Y;
TstCond (Failure, X == Zero && Y == Zero,
"* and/or / gets too many last digits wrong");
Y = One - U1;
X = One - F9;
Y = One - Y;
T = Radix - U2;
Z = Radix - BMinusU2;
T = Radix - T;
if ((X == U1) && (Y == U1) && (Z == U2) && (T == U2)) GAddSub = Yes;
else {
GAddSub = No;
TstCond (Serious, False,
"- lacks Guard Digit, so cancellation is obscured");
}
if (F9 != One && F9 - One >= Zero) {
BadCond(Serious, "comparison alleges (1-U1) < 1 although\n");
printf(" subtraction yields (1-U1) - 1 = 0 , thereby vitiating\n");
printf(" such precautions against division by zero as\n");
printf(" ... if (X == 1.0) {.....} else {.../(X-1.0)...}\n");
}
if (GMult == Yes && GDiv == Yes && GAddSub == Yes) printf(
" *, /, and - appear to have guard digits, as they should.\n");
/*=============================================*/
Milestone = 40;
/*=============================================*/
Pause();
printf("Checking rounding on multiply, divide and add/subtract.\n");
RMult = Other;
RDiv = Other;
RAddSub = Other;
RadixD2 = Radix / Two;
A1 = Two;
Done = False;
do {
AInvrse = Radix;
do {
X = AInvrse;
AInvrse = AInvrse / A1;
} while ( ! (FLOOR(AInvrse) != AInvrse));
Done = (X == One) || (A1 > Three);
if (! Done) A1 = Nine + One;
} while ( ! Done);
if (X == One) A1 = Radix;
AInvrse = One / A1;
X = A1;
Y = AInvrse;
Done = False;
do {
Z = X * Y - Half;
TstCond (Failure, Z == Half,
"X * (1/X) differs from 1");
Done = X == Radix;
X = Radix;
Y = One / X;
} while ( ! Done);
Y2 = One + U2;
Y1 = One - U2;
X = OneAndHalf - U2;
Y = OneAndHalf + U2;
Z = (X - U2) * Y2;
T = Y * Y1;
Z = Z - X;
T = T - X;
X = X * Y2;
Y = (Y + U2) * Y1;
X = X - OneAndHalf;
Y = Y - OneAndHalf;
if ((X == Zero) && (Y == Zero) && (Z == Zero) && (T <= Zero)) {
X = (OneAndHalf + U2) * Y2;
Y = OneAndHalf - U2 - U2;
Z = OneAndHalf + U2 + U2;
T = (OneAndHalf - U2) * Y1;
X = X - (Z + U2);
StickyBit = Y * Y1;
S = Z * Y2;
T = T - Y;
Y = (U2 - Y) + StickyBit;
Z = S - (Z + U2 + U2);
StickyBit = (Y2 + U2) * Y1;
Y1 = Y2 * Y1;
StickyBit = StickyBit - Y2;
Y1 = Y1 - Half;
if ((X == Zero) && (Y == Zero) && (Z == Zero) && (T == Zero)
&& ( StickyBit == Zero) && (Y1 == Half)) {
RMult = Rounded;
printf("Multiplication appears to round correctly.\n");
}
else if ((X + U2 == Zero) && (Y < Zero) && (Z + U2 == Zero)
&& (T < Zero) && (StickyBit + U2 == Zero)
&& (Y1 < Half)) {
RMult = Chopped;
printf("Multiplication appears to chop.\n");
}
else printf("* is neither chopped nor correctly rounded.\n");
if ((RMult == Rounded) && (GMult == No)) notify("Multiplication");
}
else printf("* is neither chopped nor correctly rounded.\n");
/*=============================================*/
Milestone = 45;
/*=============================================*/
Y2 = One + U2;
Y1 = One - U2;
Z = OneAndHalf + U2 + U2;
X = Z / Y2;
T = OneAndHalf - U2 - U2;
Y = (T - U2) / Y1;
Z = (Z + U2) / Y2;
X = X - OneAndHalf;
Y = Y - T;
T = T / Y1;
Z = Z - (OneAndHalf + U2);
T = (U2 - OneAndHalf) + T;
if (! ((X > Zero) || (Y > Zero) || (Z > Zero) || (T > Zero))) {
X = OneAndHalf / Y2;
Y = OneAndHalf - U2;
Z = OneAndHalf + U2;
X = X - Y;
T = OneAndHalf / Y1;
Y = Y / Y1;
T = T - (Z + U2);
Y = Y - Z;
Z = Z / Y2;
Y1 = (Y2 + U2) / Y2;
Z = Z - OneAndHalf;
Y2 = Y1 - Y2;
Y1 = (F9 - U1) / F9;
if ((X == Zero) && (Y == Zero) && (Z == Zero) && (T == Zero)
&& (Y2 == Zero) && (Y2 == Zero)
&& (Y1 - Half == F9 - Half )) {
RDiv = Rounded;
printf("Division appears to round correctly.\n");
if (GDiv == No) notify("Division");
}
else if ((X < Zero) && (Y < Zero) && (Z < Zero) && (T < Zero)
&& (Y2 < Zero) && (Y1 - Half < F9 - Half)) {
RDiv = Chopped;
printf("Division appears to chop.\n");
}
}
if (RDiv == Other) printf("/ is neither chopped nor correctly rounded.\n");
BInvrse = One / Radix;
TstCond (Failure, (BInvrse * Radix - Half == Half),
"Radix * ( 1 / Radix ) differs from 1");
/*=============================================*/
/*SPLIT
}
#include "paranoia.h"
void part4(){
*/
Milestone = 50;
/*=============================================*/
TstCond (Failure, ((F9 + U1) - Half == Half)
&& ((BMinusU2 + U2 ) - One == Radix - One),
"Incomplete carry-propagation in Addition");
X = One - U1 * U1;
Y = One + U2 * (One - U2);
Z = F9 - Half;
X = (X - Half) - Z;
Y = Y - One;
if ((X == Zero) && (Y == Zero)) {
RAddSub = Chopped;
printf("Add/Subtract appears to be chopped.\n");
}
if (GAddSub == Yes) {
X = (Half + U2) * U2;
Y = (Half - U2) * U2;
X = One + X;
Y = One + Y;
X = (One + U2) - X;
Y = One - Y;
if ((X == Zero) && (Y == Zero)) {
X = (Half + U2) * U1;
Y = (Half - U2) * U1;
X = One - X;
Y = One - Y;
X = F9 - X;
Y = One - Y;
if ((X == Zero) && (Y == Zero)) {
RAddSub = Rounded;
printf("Addition/Subtraction appears to round correctly.\n");
if (GAddSub == No) notify("Add/Subtract");
}
else printf("Addition/Subtraction neither rounds nor chops.\n");
}
else printf("Addition/Subtraction neither rounds nor chops.\n");
}
else printf("Addition/Subtraction neither rounds nor chops.\n");
S = One;
X = One + Half * (One + Half);
Y = (One + U2) * Half;
Z = X - Y;
T = Y - X;
StickyBit = Z + T;
if (StickyBit != Zero) {
S = Zero;
BadCond(Flaw, "(X - Y) + (Y - X) is non zero!\n");
}
StickyBit = Zero;
if ((GMult == Yes) && (GDiv == Yes) && (GAddSub == Yes)
&& (RMult == Rounded) && (RDiv == Rounded)
&& (RAddSub == Rounded) && (FLOOR(RadixD2) == RadixD2)) {
printf("Checking for sticky bit.\n");
X = (Half + U1) * U2;
Y = Half * U2;
Z = One + Y;
T = One + X;
if ((Z - One <= Zero) && (T - One >= U2)) {
Z = T + Y;
Y = Z - X;
if ((Z - T >= U2) && (Y - T == Zero)) {
X = (Half + U1) * U1;
Y = Half * U1;
Z = One - Y;
T = One - X;
if ((Z - One == Zero) && (T - F9 == Zero)) {
Z = (Half - U1) * U1;
T = F9 - Z;
Q = F9 - Y;
if ((T - F9 == Zero) && (F9 - U1 - Q == Zero)) {
Z = (One + U2) * OneAndHalf;
T = (OneAndHalf + U2) - Z + U2;
X = One + Half / Radix;
Y = One + Radix * U2;
Z = X * Y;
if (T == Zero && X + Radix * U2 - Z == Zero) {
if (Radix != Two) {
X = Two + U2;
Y = X / Two;
if ((Y - One == Zero)) StickyBit = S;
}
else StickyBit = S;
}
}
}
}
}
}
if (StickyBit == One) printf("Sticky bit apparently used correctly.\n");
else printf("Sticky bit used incorrectly or not at all.\n");
TstCond (Flaw, !(GMult == No || GDiv == No || GAddSub == No ||
RMult == Other || RDiv == Other || RAddSub == Other),
"lack(s) of guard digits or failure(s) to correctly round or chop
(noted above) count as one flaw in the final tally below");
/*=============================================*/
Milestone = 60;
/*=============================================*/
printf("\n");
printf("Does Multiplication commute? ");
printf("Testing on %d random pairs.\n", NoTrials);
Random9 = SQRT(3.0);
Random1 = Third;
I = 1;
do {
X = Random();
Y = Random();
Z9 = Y * X;
Z = X * Y;
Z9 = Z - Z9;
I = I + 1;
} while ( ! ((I > NoTrials) || (Z9 != Zero)));
if (I == NoTrials) {
Random1 = One + Half / Three;
Random2 = (U2 + U1) + One;
Z = Random1 * Random2;
Y = Random2 * Random1;
Z9 = (One + Half / Three) * ((U2 + U1) + One) - (One + Half /
Three) * ((U2 + U1) + One);
}
if (! ((I == NoTrials) || (Z9 == Zero)))
BadCond(Defect, "X * Y == Y * X trial fails.\n");
else printf(" No failures found in %d integer pairs.\n", NoTrials);
/*=============================================*/
Milestone = 70;
/*=============================================*/
printf("\nRunning test of square root(x).\n");
TstCond (Failure, (Zero == SQRT(Zero))
&& (- Zero == SQRT(- Zero))
&& (One == SQRT(One)), "Square root of 0.0, -0.0 or 1.0 wrong");
MinSqEr = Zero;
MaxSqEr = Zero;
J = Zero;
X = Radix;
OneUlp = U2;
SqXMinX (Serious);
X = BInvrse;
OneUlp = BInvrse * U1;
SqXMinX (Serious);
X = U1;
OneUlp = U1 * U1;
SqXMinX (Serious);
if (J != Zero) Pause();
printf("Testing if sqrt(X * X) == X for %d Integers X.\n", NoTrials);
J = Zero;
X = Two;
Y = Radix;
if ((Radix != One)) do {
X = Y;
Y = Radix * Y;
} while ( ! ((Y - X >= NoTrials)));
OneUlp = X * U2;
I = 1;
while (I <= NoTrials) {
X = X + One;
SqXMinX (Defect);
if (J > Zero) break;
I = I + 1;
}
printf("Test for sqrt monotonicity.\n");
I = - 1;
X = BMinusU2;
Y = Radix;
Z = Radix + Radix * U2;
NotMonot = False;
Monot = False;
while ( ! (NotMonot || Monot)) {
I = I + 1;
X = SQRT(X);
Q = SQRT(Y);
Z = SQRT(Z);
if ((X > Q) || (Q > Z)) NotMonot = True;
else {
Q = FLOOR(Q + Half);
if (!(I > 0 || Radix == Q * Q)) Monot = True;
else if (I > 0) {
if (I > 1) Monot = True;
else {
Y = Y * BInvrse;
X = Y - U1;
Z = Y + U1;
}
}
else {
Y = Q;
X = Y - U2;
Z = Y + U2;
}
}
}
if (Monot) printf("sqrt has passed a test for Monotonicity.\n");
else {
BadCond(Defect, "");
printf("sqrt(X) is non-monotonic for X near "); printFLOAT("%.7e", Y); printf(" .\n");
}
/*=============================================*/
/*SPLIT
}
#include "paranoia.h"
void part5(){
*/
Milestone = 80;
/*=============================================*/
MinSqEr = MinSqEr + Half;
MaxSqEr = MaxSqEr - Half;
Y = (SQRT(One + U2) - One) / U2;
SqEr = (Y - One) + U2 / Eight;
if (SqEr > MaxSqEr) MaxSqEr = SqEr;
SqEr = Y + U2 / Eight;
if (SqEr < MinSqEr) MinSqEr = SqEr;
Y = ((SQRT(F9) - U2) - (One - U2)) / U1;
SqEr = Y + U1 / Eight;
if (SqEr > MaxSqEr) MaxSqEr = SqEr;
SqEr = (Y + One) + U1 / Eight;
if (SqEr < MinSqEr) MinSqEr = SqEr;
OneUlp = U2;
X = OneUlp;
for( Indx = 1; Indx <= 3; ++Indx) {
Y = SQRT((X + U1 + X) + F9);
Y = ((Y - U2) - ((One - U2) + X)) / OneUlp;
Z = ((U1 - X) + F9) * Half * X * X / OneUlp;
SqEr = (Y + Half) + Z;
if (SqEr < MinSqEr) MinSqEr = SqEr;
SqEr = (Y - Half) + Z;
if (SqEr > MaxSqEr) MaxSqEr = SqEr;
if (((Indx == 1) || (Indx == 3)))
X = OneUlp * Sign (X) * FLOOR(Eight / (Nine * SQRT(OneUlp)));
else {
OneUlp = U1;
X = - OneUlp;
}
}
/*=============================================*/
Milestone = 85;
/*=============================================*/
SqRWrng = False;
Anomaly = False;
RSqrt = Other; /* ~dgh */
if (Radix != One) {
printf("Testing whether sqrt is rounded or chopped.\n");
D = FLOOR(Half + POW(Radix, One + Precision - FLOOR(Precision)));
/* ... == Radix^(1 + fract) if (Precision == Integer + fract. */
X = D / Radix;
Y = D / A1;
if ((X != FLOOR(X)) || (Y != FLOOR(Y))) {
Anomaly = True;
}
else {
X = Zero;
Z2 = X;
Y = One;
Y2 = Y;
Z1 = Radix - One;
FourD = Four * D;
do {
if (Y2 > Z2) {
Q = Radix;
Y1 = Y;
do {
X1 = FABS(Q + FLOOR(Half - Q / Y1) * Y1);
Q = Y1;
Y1 = X1;
} while ( ! (X1 <= Zero));
if (Q <= One) {
Z2 = Y2;
Z = Y;
}
}
Y = Y + Two;
X = X + Eight;
Y2 = Y2 + X;
if (Y2 >= FourD) Y2 = Y2 - FourD;
} while ( ! (Y >= D));
X8 = FourD - Z2;
Q = (X8 + Z * Z) / FourD;
X8 = X8 / Eight;
if (Q != FLOOR(Q)) Anomaly = True;
else {
Break = False;
do {
X = Z1 * Z;
X = X - FLOOR(X / Radix) * Radix;
if (X == One)
Break = True;
else
Z1 = Z1 - One;
} while ( ! (Break || (Z1 <= Zero)));
if ((Z1 <= Zero) && (! Break)) Anomaly = True;
else {
if (Z1 > RadixD2) Z1 = Z1 - Radix;
do {
NewD();
} while ( ! (U2 * D >= F9));
if (D * Radix - D != W - D) Anomaly = True;
else {
Z2 = D;
I = 0;
Y = D + (One + Z) * Half;
X = D + Z + Q;
SR3750();
Y = D + (One - Z) * Half + D;
X = D - Z + D;
X = X + Q + X;
SR3750();
NewD();
if (D - Z2 != W - Z2) Anomaly = True;
else {
Y = (D - Z2) + (Z2 + (One - Z) * Half);
X = (D - Z2) + (Z2 - Z + Q);
SR3750();
Y = (One + Z) * Half;
X = Q;
SR3750();
if (I == 0) Anomaly = True;
}
}
}
}
}
if ((I == 0) || Anomaly) {
enum Category = relaxedChecks ? Defect : Failure;
BadCond(Category, "Anomalous arithmetic with Integer < ");
printf("Radix^Precision = "); printFLOAT("%.7e", W); printf("\n");
printf(" fails test whether sqrt rounds or chops.\n");
SqRWrng = True;
}
}
if (! Anomaly) {
if (! ((MinSqEr < Zero) || (MaxSqEr > Zero))) {
RSqrt = Rounded;
printf("Square root appears to be correctly rounded.\n");
}
else {
if ((MaxSqEr + U2 > U2 - Half) || (MinSqEr > Half)
|| (MinSqEr + Radix < Half)) SqRWrng = True;
else {
RSqrt = Chopped;
printf("Square root appears to be chopped.\n");
}
}
}
if (SqRWrng) {
printf("Square root is neither chopped nor correctly rounded.\n");
printf("Observed errors run from "); printFLOAT("%.7e", MinSqEr - Half); printf(" ");
printf("to "); printFLOAT("%.7e", Half + MaxSqEr); printf(" ulps.\n");
enum Category = relaxedChecks ? Defect : Serious;
TstCond (Category, MaxSqEr - MinSqEr < Radix * Radix,
"sqrt gets too many last digits wrong");
}
/*=============================================*/
Milestone = 90;
/*=============================================*/
Pause();
printf("Testing powers Z^i for small Integers Z and i.\n");
N = 0;
/* ... test powers of zero. */
I = 0;
Z = -Zero;
M = 3;
Break = False;
do {
X = One;
SR3980();
if (I <= 10) {
I = 1023;
SR3980();
}
if (Z == MinusOne) Break = True;
else {
Z = MinusOne;
/* .. if(-1)^N is invalid, replace MinusOne by One. */
I = - 4;
}
} while ( ! Break);
PrintIfNPositive();
N1 = N;
N = 0;
Z = A1;
M = cast(int)FLOOR(Two * LOG(W) / LOG(A1));
Break = False;
do {
X = Z;
I = 1;
SR3980();
if (Z == AInvrse) Break = True;
else Z = AInvrse;
} while ( ! Break);
/*=============================================*/
Milestone = 100;
/*=============================================*/
/* Powers of Radix have been tested, */
/* next try a few primes */
M = NoTrials;
Z = Three;
do {
X = Z;
I = 1;
SR3980();
do {
Z = Z + Two;
} while ( Three * FLOOR(Z / Three) == Z );
} while ( Z < Eight * Three );
if (N > 0) {
printf("Errors like this may invalidate financial calculations\n");
printf("\tinvolving interest rates.\n");
}
PrintIfNPositive();
N += N1;
if (N == 0) printf("... no discrepancies found.\n");
if (N > 0) Pause();
else printf("\n");
/*=============================================*/
/*SPLIT
}
#include "paranoia.h"
void part6(){
*/
Milestone = 110;
/*=============================================*/
printf("Seeking Underflow thresholds UfThold and E0.\n");
D = U1;
if (Precision != FLOOR(Precision)) {
D = BInvrse;
X = Precision;
do {
D = D * BInvrse;
X = X - One;
} while ( X > Zero);
}
Y = One;
Z = D;
/* ... D is power of 1/Radix < 1. */
do {
C = Y;
Y = Z;
Z = Y * Y;
} while ((Y > Z) && (Z + Z > Z));
Y = C;
Z = Y * D;
do {
C = Y;
Y = Z;
Z = Y * D;
} while ((Y > Z) && (Z + Z > Z));
if (Radix < Two) HInvrse = Two;
else HInvrse = Radix;
H = One / HInvrse;
/* ... 1/HInvrse == H == Min(1/Radix, 1/2) */
CInvrse = One / C;
E0 = C;
Z = E0 * H;
/* ...1/Radix^(BIG Integer) << 1 << CInvrse == 1/C */
do {
Y = E0;
E0 = Z;
Z = E0 * H;
} while ((E0 > Z) && (Z + Z > Z));
UfThold = E0;
E1 = Zero;
Q = Zero;
E9 = U2;
S = One + E9;
D = C * S;
if (D <= C) {
E9 = Radix * U2;
S = One + E9;
D = C * S;
if (D <= C) {
BadCond(Failure, "multiplication gets too many last digits wrong.\n");
Underflow = E0;
Y1 = Zero;
PseudoZero = Z;
Pause();
}
}
else {
Underflow = D;
PseudoZero = Underflow * H;
UfThold = Zero;
do {
Y1 = Underflow;
Underflow = PseudoZero;
if (E1 + E1 <= E1) {
Y2 = Underflow * HInvrse;
E1 = FABS(Y1 - Y2);
Q = Y1;
if ((UfThold == Zero) && (Y1 != Y2)) UfThold = Y1;
}
PseudoZero = PseudoZero * H;
} while ((Underflow > PseudoZero)
&& (PseudoZero + PseudoZero > PseudoZero));
}
/* Comment line 4530 .. 4560 */
if (PseudoZero != Zero) {
printf("\n");
Z = PseudoZero;
/* ... Test PseudoZero for "phoney- zero" violates */
/* ... PseudoZero < Underflow or PseudoZero < PseudoZero + PseudoZero
... */
if (PseudoZero <= Zero) {
BadCond(Failure, "Positive expressions can underflow to an\n");
printf("allegedly negative value\n");
printf("PseudoZero that prints out as: "); printFLOAT("%g", PseudoZero); printf(" .\n");
X = - PseudoZero;
if (X <= Zero) {
printf("But -PseudoZero, which should be\n");
printf("positive, isn't; it prints out as "); printFLOAT("%g", X); printf(" .\n");
}
}
else {
BadCond(Flaw, "Underflow can stick at an allegedly positive\n");
printf("value PseudoZero that prints out as "); printFLOAT("%g", PseudoZero); printf(" .\n");
}
TstPtUf();
}
/*=============================================*/
Milestone = 120;
/*=============================================*/
if (CInvrse * Y > CInvrse * Y1) {
S = H * S;
E0 = Underflow;
}
if (! ((E1 == Zero) || (E1 == E0))) {
BadCond(Defect, "");
if (E1 < E0) {
printf("Products underflow at a higher");
printf(" threshold than differences.\n");
if (PseudoZero == Zero)
E0 = E1;
}
else {
printf("Difference underflows at a higher");
printf(" threshold than products.\n");
}
}
printf("Smallest strictly positive number found is E0 = "); printFLOAT("%g", E0); printf(" .\n");
Z = E0;
TstPtUf();
Underflow = E0;
if (N == 1) Underflow = Y;
I = 4;
if (E1 == Zero) I = 3;
if (UfThold == Zero) I = I - 2;
UfNGrad = True;
switch (I) {
case 1:
UfThold = Underflow;
if ((CInvrse * Q) != ((CInvrse * Y) * S)) {
UfThold = Y;
BadCond(Failure, "Either accuracy deteriorates as numbers\n");
printf("approach a threshold = "); printFLOAT("%.17e", UfThold); printf("\n");
printf(" coming down from "); printFLOAT("%.17e", C); printf("\n");
printf(" or else multiplication gets too many last digits wrong.\n");
}
Pause();
break;
case 2:
BadCond(Failure, "Underflow confuses Comparison, which alleges that\n");
printf("Q == Y while denying that |Q - Y| == 0; these values\n");
printf("print out as Q = "); printFLOAT("%.17e", Q); printf(", Y = "); printFLOAT("%.17e", Y2); printf(" .\n");
printf ("|Q - Y| = "); printFLOAT("%.17e", FABS(Q - Y2)); printf(" .\n");
UfThold = Q;
break;
case 3:
X = X;
break;
case 4:
if ((Q == UfThold) && (E1 == E0)
&& (FABS( UfThold - E1 / E9) <= E1)) {
UfNGrad = False;
printf("Underflow is gradual; it incurs Absolute Error =\n");
printf("(roundoff in UfThold) < E0.\n");
Y = E0 * CInvrse;
Y = Y * (OneAndHalf + U2);
X = CInvrse * (One + U2);
Y = Y / X;
IEEE = (Y == E0);
}
break;
default: break;
}
if (UfNGrad) {
printf("\n");
sigsave = sigfpe;
if (setjmp(ovfl_buf)) {
printf("Underflow / UfThold failed!\n");
R = H + H;
}
else R = SQRT(Underflow / UfThold);
sigsave = null;
if (R <= H) {
Z = R * UfThold;
X = Z * (One + R * H * (One + H));
}
else {
Z = UfThold;
X = Z * (One + H * H * (One + H));
}
if (! ((X == Z) || (X - Z != Zero))) {
BadCond(Flaw, "");
printf("X = "); printFLOAT("%.17e", X); printf("\n\tis not equal to Z = "); printFLOAT("%.17e", Z); printf(" .\n");
Z9 = X - Z;
printf("yet X - Z yields "); printFLOAT("%.7e", Z9); printf(" .\n");
printf(" Should this NOT signal Underflow, ");
printf("this is a SERIOUS DEFECT\nthat causes ");
printf("confusion when innocent statements like\n");
printf(" if (X == Z) ... else");
printf(" ... (f(X) - f(Z)) / (X - Z) ...\n");
printf("encounter Division by Zero although actually\n");
sigsave = sigfpe;
if (setjmp(ovfl_buf)) printf("X / Z fails!\n");
else printf("X / Z = 1 + "), printFLOAT("%g", (X / Z - Half) - Half), printf(" .\n");
sigsave = null;
}
}
printf("The Underflow threshold is "); printFLOAT("%.17e", UfThold); printf(", below which\n");
printf("calculation may suffer larger Relative error than ");
printf("merely roundoff.\n");
Y2 = U1 * U1;
Y = Y2 * Y2;
Y2 = Y * U1;
if (Y2 <= UfThold) {
if (Y > E0) {
BadCond(Defect, "");
I = 5;
}
else {
BadCond(Serious, "");
I = 4;
}
printf("Range is too narrow; U1^%d Underflows.\n", I);
}
/*=============================================*/
/*SPLIT
}
#include "paranoia.h"
void part7(){
*/
Milestone = 130;
/*=============================================*/
Y = - FLOOR(Half - TwoForty * LOG(UfThold) / LOG(HInvrse)) / TwoForty;
Y2 = Y + Y;
printf("Since underflow occurs below the threshold\n");
printf("UfThold = ("); printFLOAT("%.17e", HInvrse); printf(") ^ ("); printFLOAT("%.17e", Y); printf(")\nonly underflow ");
printf("should afflict the expression\n\t("); printFLOAT("%.17e", HInvrse); printf(") ^ ("); printFLOAT("%.17e", Y2); printf(");\n");
printf("actually calculating yields:");
if (setjmp(ovfl_buf)) {
sigsave = null;
BadCond(Serious, "trap on underflow.\n");
}
else {
sigsave = sigfpe;
V9 = POW(HInvrse, Y2);
sigsave = null;
printf(" "); printFLOAT("%.17e", V9); printf(" .\n");
if (! ((V9 >= Zero) && (V9 <= (Radix + Radix + E9) * UfThold))) {
BadCond(Serious, "this is not between 0 and underflow\n");
printf(" threshold = "); printFLOAT("%.17e", UfThold); printf(" .\n");
}
else if (! (V9 > UfThold * (One + E9)))
printf("This computed value is O.K.\n");
else {
BadCond(Defect, "this is not between 0 and underflow\n");
printf(" threshold = "); printFLOAT("%.17e", UfThold); printf(" .\n");
}
}
/*=============================================*/
Milestone = 140;
/*=============================================*/
printf("\n");
/* ...calculate Exp2 == exp(2) == 7.389056099... */
X = Zero;
I = 2;
Y = Two * Three;
Q = Zero;
N = 0;
do {
Z = X;
I = I + 1;
Y = Y / (I + I);
R = Y + Q;
X = Z + R;
Q = (Z - X) + R;
} while(X > Z);
Z = (OneAndHalf + One / Eight) + X / (OneAndHalf * ThirtyTwo);
X = Z * Z;
Exp2 = X * X;
X = F9;
Y = X - U1;
printf("Testing X^((X + 1) / (X - 1)) vs. exp(2) = "); printFLOAT("%.17e", Exp2); printf(" as X -> 1.\n");
for(I = 1;;) {
Z = X - BInvrse;
Z = (X + One) / (Z - (One - BInvrse));
Q = POW(X, Z) - Exp2;
if (FABS(Q) > TwoForty * U2) {
N = 1;
V9 = (X - BInvrse) - (One - BInvrse);
BadCond(Defect, "Calculated");
printf(" "); printFLOAT("%.17e", POW(X, Z)); printf(" for\n");
printf("\t(1 + ("); printFLOAT("%.17e", V9); printf(") ^ ("); printFLOAT("%.17e", Z); printf(");\n");
printf("\tdiffers from correct value by "); printFLOAT("%.17e", Q); printf(" .\n");
printf("\tThis much error may spoil financial\n");
printf("\tcalculations involving tiny interest rates.\n");
break;
}
else {
Z = (Y - X) * Two + Y;
X = Y;
Y = Z;
Z = One + (X - F9)*(X - F9);
if (Z > One && I < NoTrials) I++;
else {
if (X > One) {
if (N == 0)
printf("Accuracy seems adequate.\n");
break;
}
else {
X = One + U2;
Y = U2 + U2;
Y += X;
I = 1;
}
}
}
}
/*=============================================*/
Milestone = 150;
/*=============================================*/
printf("Testing powers Z^Q at four nearly extreme values.\n");
N = 0;
Z = A1;
Q = FLOOR(Half - LOG(C) / LOG(A1));
Break = False;
do {
X = CInvrse;
Y = POW(Z, Q);
IsYeqX();
Q = - Q;
X = C;
Y = POW(Z, Q);
IsYeqX();
if (Z < One) Break = True;
else Z = AInvrse;
} while ( ! Break);
PrintIfNPositive();
if (N == 0) printf(" ... no discrepancies found.\n");
printf("\n");
/*=============================================*/
Milestone = 160;
/*=============================================*/
Pause();
printf("Searching for Overflow threshold:\n");
printf("This may generate an error.\n");
Y = - CInvrse;
V9 = HInvrse * Y;
sigsave = sigfpe;
if (setjmp(ovfl_buf)) { I = 0; V9 = Y; goto overflow; }
do {
V = Y;
Y = V9;
V9 = HInvrse * Y;
} while(V9 < Y);
I = 1;
overflow:
sigsave = null;
Z = V9;
printf("Can `Z = -Y' overflow?\n");
printf("Trying it on Y = "); printFLOAT("%.17e", Y); printf(" .\n");
V9 = - Y;
V0 = V9;
if (V - Y == V + V0) printf("Seems O.K.\n");
else {
printf("finds a ");
BadCond(Flaw, "-(-Y) differs from Y.\n");
}
if (Z != Y) {
BadCond(Serious, "");
printf("overflow past "); printFLOAT("%.17e", Y); printf("\n\tshrinks to "); printFLOAT("%.17e", Z); printf(" .\n");
}
if (I) {
Y = V * (HInvrse * U2 - HInvrse);
Z = Y + ((One - HInvrse) * U2) * V;
if (Z < V0) Y = Z;
if (Y < V0) V = Y;
if (V0 - V < V0) V = V0;
}
else {
V = Y * (HInvrse * U2 - HInvrse);
V = V + ((One - HInvrse) * U2) * Y;
}
printf("Overflow threshold is V = "); printFLOAT("%.17e", V); printf(" .\n");
if (I) printf("Overflow saturates at V0 = "), printFLOAT("%.17e", V0), printf(" .\n");
else printf("There is no saturation value because the system traps on overflow.\n");
V9 = V * One;
printf("No Overflow should be signaled for V * 1 = "); printFLOAT("%.17e", V9); printf("\n");
V9 = V / One;
printf(" nor for V / 1 = "); printFLOAT("%.17e", V9); printf(" .\n");
printf("Any overflow signal separating this * from the one\n");
printf("above is a DEFECT.\n");
/*=============================================*/
Milestone = 170;
/*=============================================*/
if (!(-V < V && -V0 < V0 && -UfThold < V && UfThold < V)) {
BadCond(Failure, "Comparisons involving ");
printf("+-"); printFLOAT("%g", V); printf(", +-"); printFLOAT("%g", V0);
printf("\nand +-"); printFLOAT("%g", UfThold); printf(" are confused by Overflow.");
}
/*=============================================*/
Milestone = 175;
/*=============================================*/
printf("\n");
for(Indx = 1; Indx <= 3; ++Indx) {
switch (Indx) {
case 1: Z = UfThold; break;
case 2: Z = E0; break;
case 3: Z = PseudoZero; break;
default: break;
}
if (Z != Zero) {
V9 = SQRT(Z);
Y = V9 * V9;
if (Y / (One - Radix * E9) < Z
|| Y > (One + Radix * E9) * Z) { /* dgh: + E9 --> * E9 */
if (V9 > U1) BadCond(Serious, "");
else BadCond(Defect, "");
printf("Comparison alleges that what prints as Z = "); printFLOAT("%.17e", Z);
printf(" is too far from sqrt(Z) ^ 2 = "); printFLOAT("%.17e", Y); printf(" .\n");
}
}
}
/*=============================================*/
Milestone = 180;
/*=============================================*/
for(Indx = 1; Indx <= 2; ++Indx) {
if (Indx == 1) Z = V;
else Z = V0;
V9 = SQRT(Z);
X = (One - Radix * E9) * V9;
V9 = V9 * X;
if (((V9 < (One - Two * Radix * E9) * Z) || (V9 > Z))) {
Y = V9;
if (X < W) BadCond(Serious, "");
else BadCond(Defect, "");
printf("Comparison alleges that Z = "); printFLOAT("%.17e", Z);
printf(" is too far from sqrt(Z) ^ 2 ("); printFLOAT("%.17e", Y); printf(") .\n");
}
}
/*=============================================*/
/*SPLIT
}
#include "paranoia.h"
int part8(){
*/
Milestone = 190;
/*=============================================*/
Pause();
X = UfThold * V;
Y = Radix * Radix;
if (X*Y < One || X > Y) {
if (X * Y < U1 || X > Y/U1) BadCond(Defect, "Badly");
else BadCond(Flaw, "");
printf(" unbalanced range; UfThold * V = "); printFLOAT("%.17e", X);
printf("\n\tis too far from 1.\n\n");
}
/*=============================================*/
Milestone = 200;
/*=============================================*/
for (Indx = 1; Indx <= 5; ++Indx) {
X = F9;
switch (Indx) {
case 2: X = One + U2; break;
case 3: X = V; break;
case 4: X = UfThold; break;
case 5: X = Radix; break;
default: break;
}
Y = X;
sigsave = sigfpe;
if (setjmp(ovfl_buf))
printf(" X / X traps when X = "), printFLOAT("%g", X), printf("\n");
else {
V9 = (Y / X - Half) - Half;
if (V9 == Zero) continue;
if (V9 == - U1 && Indx < 5) BadCond(Flaw, "");
else BadCond(Serious, "");
printf(" X / X differs from 1 when X = "); printFLOAT("%.17e", X); printf("\n");
printf(" instead, X / X - 1/2 - 1/2 = "); printFLOAT("%.17e", V9); printf(" .\n");
}
sigsave = null;
}
/*=============================================*/
Milestone = 210;
/*=============================================*/
MyZero = Zero;
printf("\n");
printf("What message and/or values does Division by Zero produce?\n") ;
version(NOPAUSE) {
ch[0] = 'y';
} else {
printf("This can interupt your program. You can ");
printf("skip this part if you wish.\n");
printf("Do you wish to compute 1 / 0? ");
fflush(stdout);
read (KEYBOARD, ch, 8);
}
if ((ch[0] == 'Y') || (ch[0] == 'y')) {
sigsave = sigfpe;
printf(" Trying to compute 1 / 0 produces ...");
if (!setjmp(ovfl_buf)) printf(" "), printFLOAT("%.7e", One / MyZero), printf(" .\n");
sigsave = null;
}
else printf("O.K.\n");
version(NOPAUSE) {} else {
printf("\nDo you wish to compute 0 / 0? ");
fflush(stdout);
read (KEYBOARD, ch, 80);
}
if ((ch[0] == 'Y') || (ch[0] == 'y')) {
sigsave = sigfpe;
printf("\n Trying to compute 0 / 0 produces ...");
if (!setjmp(ovfl_buf)) printf(" "), printFLOAT("%.7e", Zero / MyZero), printf(" .\n");
sigsave = null;
}
else printf("O.K.\n");
/*=============================================*/
Milestone = 220;
/*=============================================*/
Pause();
printf("\n");
{
static const CHARP[4]msg = [
"FAILUREs encountered =",
"SERIOUS DEFECTs discovered =",
"DEFECTs discovered =",
"FLAWs discovered =" ];
int i;
for(i = 0; i < 4; i++) if (ErrCnt[i])
printf("The number of %-29s %d.\n",
msg[i], ErrCnt[i]);
}
printf("\n");
if ((ErrCnt[Failure] + ErrCnt[Serious] + ErrCnt[Defect]
+ ErrCnt[Flaw]) > 0) {
if ((ErrCnt[Failure] + ErrCnt[Serious] + ErrCnt[
Defect] == 0) && (ErrCnt[Flaw] > 0)) {
printf("The arithmetic diagnosed seems ");
printf("Satisfactory though flawed.\n");
}
if ((ErrCnt[Failure] + ErrCnt[Serious] == 0)
&& ( ErrCnt[Defect] > 0)) {
printf("The arithmetic diagnosed may be Acceptable\n");
printf("despite inconvenient Defects.\n");
}
if ((ErrCnt[Failure] + ErrCnt[Serious]) > 0) {
printf("The arithmetic diagnosed has ");
printf("unacceptable Serious Defects.\n");
}
if (ErrCnt[Failure] > 0) {
printf("Potentially fatal FAILURE may have spoiled this");
printf(" program's subsequent diagnoses.\n");
}
}
else {
printf("No failures, defects nor flaws have been discovered.\n");
if (! ((RMult == Rounded) && (RDiv == Rounded)
&& (RAddSub == Rounded) && (RSqrt == Rounded)))
printf("The arithmetic diagnosed seems Satisfactory.\n");
else {
if (StickyBit >= One &&
(Radix - Two) * (Radix - Nine - One) == Zero) {
printf("Rounding appears to conform to ");
printf("the proposed IEEE standard P");
if ((Radix == Two) &&
((Precision - Four * Three * Two) *
( Precision - TwentySeven -
TwentySeven + One) == Zero))
printf("754");
else printf("854");
if (IEEE) printf(".\n");
else {
printf(",\nexcept for possibly Double Rounding");
printf(" during Gradual Underflow.\n");
}
}
printf("The arithmetic diagnosed appears to be Excellent!\n");
}
}
if (fpecount)
printf("\nA total of %d floating point exceptions were registered.\n",
fpecount);
printf("END OF TEST.\n");
// allow Flaws (and Defects for relaxed checks)
int errors = ErrCnt[Failure] + ErrCnt[Serious];
if (!relaxedChecks)
errors += ErrCnt[Defect];
if (__ctfe)
return 10000 * ErrCnt[Failure] + ErrCnt[Serious] * 100 + ErrCnt[Defect] + ErrCnt[Flaw];
return errors;
}
/*SPLIT subs.c
#include "paranoia.h"
*/
FLOAT
Sign (FP X)
{ return toFLOAT(X >= 0. ? 1.0 : -1.0); }
void
Pause()
{
version(NOPAUSE) {} else {
char[8] ch;
printf("\nTo continue, press RETURN");
fflush(stdout);
read(KEYBOARD, ch, 8);
}
printf("\nDiagnosis resumes after milestone Number %d", Milestone);
printf(" Page: %d\n\n", PageNo);
++Milestone;
++PageNo;
}
void
TstCond (INT K, INT Valid, CHARP T)
{ if (! Valid) { BadCond(K,T); printf(".\n"); } }
void
BadCond(INT K, CHARP T)
{
static const string[4]msg = [ "FAILURE", "SERIOUS DEFECT", "DEFECT", "FLAW" ];
ErrCnt [K] = ErrCnt [K] + 1;
printf("%s: %s", msg[K].ptr, T);
if (__ctfe)
assert(K >= 2, msg[K]);
}
FLOAT
Random()
/* Random computes
X = (Random1 + Random9)^5
Random1 = X - FLOOR(X) + 0.000005 * X;
and returns the new value of Random1
*/
{
FLOAT X, Y;
X = Random1 + Random9;
Y = X * X;
Y = Y * Y;
X = X * Y;
Y = X - FLOOR(X);
Random1 = Y + X * 0.000005;
return Random1;
}
void
SqXMinX (INT ErrKind)
{
FLOAT XA, XB;
XB = X * BInvrse;
XA = X - XB;
SqEr = ((SQRT(X * X) - XB) - XA) / OneUlp;
if (SqEr != Zero) {
if (SqEr < MinSqEr) MinSqEr = SqEr;
if (SqEr > MaxSqEr) MaxSqEr = SqEr;
J = J + 1.0;
BadCond(ErrKind, "\n");
printf("sqrt( "); printFLOAT("%.17e", X * X); printf(") - "); printFLOAT("%.17e", X);
printf(" = "); printFLOAT("%.17e", OneUlp * SqEr); printf("\n");
printf("\tinstead of correct value 0 .\n");
}
}
void
NewD()
{
X = Z1 * Q;
X = FLOOR(Half - X / Radix) * Radix + X;
Q = (Q - X * Z) / Radix + X * X * (D / Radix);
Z = Z - Two * X * D;
if (Z <= Zero) {
Z = - Z;
Z1 = - Z1;
}
D = Radix * D;
}
void
SR3750()
{
if (! ((X - Radix < Z2 - Radix) || (X - Z2 > W - Z2))) {
I = I + 1;
X2 = SQRT(X * D);
Y2 = (X2 - Z2) - (Y - Z2);
X2 = X8 / (Y - Half);
X2 = X2 - Half * X2 * X2;
SqEr = (Y2 + Half) + (Half - X2);
if (SqEr < MinSqEr) MinSqEr = SqEr;
SqEr = Y2 - X2;
if (SqEr > MaxSqEr) MaxSqEr = SqEr;
}
}
void
IsYeqX()
{
if (Y != X) {
if (N <= 0) {
if (Z == Zero && Q <= Zero)
printf("WARNING: computing\n");
else BadCond(Defect, "computing\n");
printf("\t("); printFLOAT("%.17e", Z); printf(") ^ ("); printFLOAT("%.17e", Q); printf(")\n");
printf("\tyielded "); printFLOAT("%.17e", Y); printf(";\n");
printf("\twhich compared unequal to correct "); printFLOAT("%.17e", X); printf(" ;\n");
printf("\t\tthey differ by "); printFLOAT("%.17e", Y - X); printf(" .\n");
}
N = N + 1; /* ... count discrepancies. */
}
}
void
SR3980()
{
do {
Q = toFLOAT(I);
Y = POW(Z, Q);
IsYeqX();
if (++I > M) break;
X = Z * X;
} while ( X < W );
}
void
PrintIfNPositive()
{
if (N > 0) printf("Similar discrepancies have occurred %d times.\n", N);
}
void
TstPtUf()
{
N = 0;
if (Z != Zero) {
printf("Since comparison denies Z = 0, evaluating ");
printf("(Z + Z) / Z should be safe.\n");
sigsave = sigfpe;
if (setjmp(ovfl_buf)) goto very_serious;
Q9 = (Z + Z) / Z;
printf("What the machine gets for (Z + Z) / Z is "); printFLOAT("%.17e", Q9); printf(" .\n");
if (FABS(Q9 - Two) < Radix * U2) {
printf("This is O.K., provided Over/Underflow");
printf(" has NOT just been signaled.\n");
}
else {
if ((Q9 < One) || (Q9 > Two)) {
very_serious:
N = 1;
ErrCnt [Serious] = ErrCnt [Serious] + 1;
printf("This is a VERY SERIOUS DEFECT!\n");
}
else {
N = 1;
ErrCnt [Defect] = ErrCnt [Defect] + 1;
printf("This is a DEFECT!\n");
}
}
sigsave = null;
V9 = Z * One;
Random1 = V9;
V9 = One * Z;
Random2 = V9;
V9 = Z / One;
if ((Z == Random1) && (Z == Random2) && (Z == V9)) {
if (N > 0) Pause();
}
else {
N = 1;
BadCond(Defect, "What prints as Z = ");
printf(""); printFLOAT("%.17e", Z); printf("\n\tcompares different from ");
if (Z != Random1) printf("Z * 1 = "), printFLOAT("%.17e", Random1), printf(" ");
if (! ((Z == Random2)
|| (Random2 == Random1)))
printf("1 * Z == "), printFLOAT("%g", Random2), printf("\n", Random2);
if (! (Z == V9)) printf("Z / 1 = "), printFLOAT("%.17e", V9), printf("\n");
if (Random2 != Random1) {
ErrCnt [Defect] = ErrCnt [Defect] + 1;
BadCond(Defect, "Multiplication does not commute!\n");
printf("\tComparison alleges that 1 * Z = "); printFLOAT("%.17e", Random2); printf("\n");
printf("\tdiffers from Z * 1 = "); printFLOAT("%.17e", Random1); printf("\n");
}
Pause();
}
}
}
void
notify(CHARP s)
{
printf("%s test appears to be inconsistent...\n", s);
printf(" PLEASE NOTIFY KARPINKSI!\n");
}
/*SPLIT msgs.c
#include "paranoia.h"
*/
void
msglist(CHARPP s)
{ while(*s) printf("%s\n", *s++); }
void
Instructions()
{
static CHARP[10]instr = [
"Lest this program stop prematurely, i.e. before displaying\n",
" `END OF TEST',\n",
"try to persuade the computer NOT to terminate execution when an",
"error like Over/Underflow or Division by Zero occurs, but rather",
"to persevere with a surrogate value after, perhaps, displaying some",
"warning. If persuasion avails naught, don't despair but run this",
"program anyway to see how many milestones it passes, and then",
"amend it to make further progress.\n",
"Answer questions with Y, y, N or n (unless otherwise indicated).\n",
null];
if (!__ctfe) msglist(instr.ptr);
}
void
Heading()
{
static CHARP[20]head = [
"Users are invited to help debug and augment this program so it will",
"cope with unanticipated and newly uncovered arithmetic pathologies.\n",
"Please send suggestions and interesting results to",
"\tRichard Karpinski",
"\tComputer Center U-76",
"\tUniversity of California",
"\tSan Francisco, CA 94143-0704, USA\n",
"In doing so, please include the following information:",
//#if Single
// "\tPrecision:\tsingle;",
//#else
"\tPrecision:\tdouble;",
//#endif
"\tVersion:\t10 February 1989;",
"\tComputer:\n",
"\tCompiler:\n",
"\tOptimization level:\n",
"\tOther relevant compiler options:",
null];
if (!__ctfe) msglist(head.ptr);
}
void
Characteristics()
{
static CHARP[20]chars = [
"Running this program should reveal these characteristics:",
" Radix = 1, 2, 4, 8, 10, 16, 100, 256 ...",
" Precision = number of significant digits carried.",
" U2 = Radix/Radix^Precision = One Ulp",
"\t(OneUlpnit in the Last Place) of 1.000xxx .",
" U1 = 1/Radix^Precision = One Ulp of numbers a little less than 1.0 .",
" Adequacy of guard digits for Mult., Div. and Subt.",
" Whether arithmetic is chopped, correctly rounded, or something else",
"\tfor Mult., Div., Add/Subt. and Sqrt.",
" Whether a Sticky Bit used correctly for rounding.",
" UnderflowThreshold = an underflow threshold.",
" E0 and PseudoZero tell whether underflow is abrupt, gradual, or fuzzy.",
" V = an overflow threshold, roughly.",
" V0 tells, roughly, whether Infinity is represented.",
" Comparisions are checked for consistency with subtraction",
"\tand for contamination with pseudo-zeros.",
" Sqrt is tested. Y^X is not tested.",
" Extra-precise subexpressions are revealed but NOT YET tested.",
" Decimal-Binary conversion is NOT YET tested for accuracy.",
null];
if (!__ctfe) msglist(chars.ptr);
}
void
History()
{ /* History */
/* Converted from Brian Wichmann's Pascal version to C by Thos Sumner,
with further massaging by David M. Gay. */
static CHARP[20]hist = [
"The program attempts to discriminate among",
" FLAWs, like lack of a sticky bit,",
" Serious DEFECTs, like lack of a guard digit, and",
" FAILUREs, like 2+2 == 5 .",
"Failures may confound subsequent diagnoses.\n",
"The diagnostic capabilities of this program go beyond an earlier",
"program called `MACHAR', which can be found at the end of the",
"book `Software Manual for the Elementary Functions' (1980) by",
"W. J. Cody and W. Waite. Although both programs try to discover",
"the Radix, Precision and range (over/underflow thresholds)",
"of the arithmetic, this program tries to cope with a wider variety",
"of pathologies, and to say how well the arithmetic is implemented.",
"\nThe program is based upon a conventional radix representation for",
"floating-point numbers, but also allows logarithmic encoding",
"as used by certain early WANG machines.\n",
"BASIC version of this program (C) 1983 by Prof. W. M. Kahan;",
"see source comments for more history.",
null];
if (!__ctfe) msglist(hist.ptr);
}
} // struct Paranoia
version(CTFE)
{
int printf(T...)(const(char)* fmt, T) { return 0; }
enum errors = Paranoia().main();
enum failures = errors / 10000;
enum serious = (errors % 10000) / 100;
enum defects = errors % 100;
pragma(msg, failures.stringof ~ " failures");
pragma(msg, serious.stringof ~ " serious defects");
pragma(msg, defects.stringof ~ " defects/flaws");
static assert(failures < 100, "Paranoia has faliures/serious defects failures for CTFE " ~ FLOAT.stringof);
}
else
{
int main()
{
Paranoia test;
return test.main();
}
}
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