569 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
569 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
=pod
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=head1 NAME
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openssl - OpenSSL command line tool
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=head1 SYNOPSIS
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B<openssl>
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I<command>
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[ I<command_opts> ]
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[ I<command_args> ]
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B<openssl> B<list> [ B<standard-commands> | B<digest-commands> | B<cipher-commands> | B<cipher-algorithms> | B<digest-algorithms> | B<public-key-algorithms>]
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B<openssl> B<no->I<XXX> [ I<arbitrary options> ]
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=head1 DESCRIPTION
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OpenSSL is a cryptography toolkit implementing the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL
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v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security (TLS v1) network protocols and related
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cryptography standards required by them.
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The B<openssl> program is a command line tool for using the various
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cryptography functions of OpenSSL's B<crypto> library from the shell.
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It can be used for
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o Creation and management of private keys, public keys and parameters
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o Public key cryptographic operations
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o Creation of X.509 certificates, CSRs and CRLs
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o Calculation of Message Digests
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o Encryption and Decryption with Ciphers
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o SSL/TLS Client and Server Tests
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o Handling of S/MIME signed or encrypted mail
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o Time Stamp requests, generation and verification
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=head1 COMMAND SUMMARY
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The B<openssl> program provides a rich variety of commands (I<command> in the
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SYNOPSIS above), each of which often has a wealth of options and arguments
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(I<command_opts> and I<command_args> in the SYNOPSIS).
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Detailed documentation and use cases for most standard subcommands are available
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(e.g., L<x509(1)> or L<openssl-x509(1)>).
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Many commands use an external configuration file for some or all of their
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arguments and have a B<-config> option to specify that file.
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The environment variable B<OPENSSL_CONF> can be used to specify
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the location of the file.
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If the environment variable is not specified, then the file is named
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B<openssl.cnf> in the default certificate storage area, whose value
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depends on the configuration flags specified when the OpenSSL
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was built.
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The list parameters B<standard-commands>, B<digest-commands>,
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and B<cipher-commands> output a list (one entry per line) of the names
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of all standard commands, message digest commands, or cipher commands,
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respectively, that are available in the present B<openssl> utility.
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The list parameters B<cipher-algorithms> and
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B<digest-algorithms> list all cipher and message digest names, one entry per line. Aliases are listed as:
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from => to
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The list parameter B<public-key-algorithms> lists all supported public
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key algorithms.
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The command B<no->I<XXX> tests whether a command of the
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specified name is available. If no command named I<XXX> exists, it
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returns 0 (success) and prints B<no->I<XXX>; otherwise it returns 1
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and prints I<XXX>. In both cases, the output goes to B<stdout> and
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nothing is printed to B<stderr>. Additional command line arguments
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are always ignored. Since for each cipher there is a command of the
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same name, this provides an easy way for shell scripts to test for the
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availability of ciphers in the B<openssl> program. (B<no->I<XXX> is
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not able to detect pseudo-commands such as B<quit>,
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B<list>, or B<no->I<XXX> itself.)
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=head2 Standard Commands
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=over 4
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=item B<asn1parse>
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Parse an ASN.1 sequence.
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=item B<ca>
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Certificate Authority (CA) Management.
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=item B<ciphers>
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Cipher Suite Description Determination.
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=item B<cms>
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CMS (Cryptographic Message Syntax) utility.
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=item B<crl>
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Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Management.
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=item B<crl2pkcs7>
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CRL to PKCS#7 Conversion.
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=item B<dgst>
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Message Digest Calculation.
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=item B<dh>
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Diffie-Hellman Parameter Management.
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Obsoleted by L<dhparam(1)>.
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=item B<dhparam>
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Generation and Management of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. Superseded by
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L<genpkey(1)> and L<pkeyparam(1)>.
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=item B<dsa>
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DSA Data Management.
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=item B<dsaparam>
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DSA Parameter Generation and Management. Superseded by
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L<genpkey(1)> and L<pkeyparam(1)>.
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=item B<ec>
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EC (Elliptic curve) key processing.
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=item B<ecparam>
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EC parameter manipulation and generation.
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=item B<enc>
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Encoding with Ciphers.
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=item B<engine>
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Engine (loadable module) information and manipulation.
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=item B<errstr>
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Error Number to Error String Conversion.
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=item B<gendh>
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Generation of Diffie-Hellman Parameters.
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Obsoleted by L<dhparam(1)>.
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=item B<gendsa>
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Generation of DSA Private Key from Parameters. Superseded by
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L<genpkey(1)> and L<pkey(1)>.
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=item B<genpkey>
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Generation of Private Key or Parameters.
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=item B<genrsa>
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Generation of RSA Private Key. Superseded by L<genpkey(1)>.
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=item B<nseq>
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Create or examine a Netscape certificate sequence.
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=item B<ocsp>
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Online Certificate Status Protocol utility.
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=item B<passwd>
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Generation of hashed passwords.
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=item B<pkcs12>
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PKCS#12 Data Management.
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=item B<pkcs7>
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PKCS#7 Data Management.
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=item B<pkcs8>
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PKCS#8 format private key conversion tool.
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=item B<pkey>
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Public and private key management.
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=item B<pkeyparam>
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Public key algorithm parameter management.
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=item B<pkeyutl>
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Public key algorithm cryptographic operation utility.
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=item B<prime>
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Compute prime numbers.
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=item B<rand>
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Generate pseudo-random bytes.
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=item B<rehash>
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Create symbolic links to certificate and CRL files named by the hash values.
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=item B<req>
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PKCS#10 X.509 Certificate Signing Request (CSR) Management.
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=item B<rsa>
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RSA key management.
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=item B<rsautl>
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RSA utility for signing, verification, encryption, and decryption. Superseded
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by L<pkeyutl(1)>.
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=item B<s_client>
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This implements a generic SSL/TLS client which can establish a transparent
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connection to a remote server speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing
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purposes only and provides only rudimentary interface functionality but
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internally uses mostly all functionality of the OpenSSL B<ssl> library.
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=item B<s_server>
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This implements a generic SSL/TLS server which accepts connections from remote
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clients speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing purposes only and provides
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only rudimentary interface functionality but internally uses mostly all
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functionality of the OpenSSL B<ssl> library. It provides both an own command
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line oriented protocol for testing SSL functions and a simple HTTP response
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facility to emulate an SSL/TLS-aware webserver.
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=item B<s_time>
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SSL Connection Timer.
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=item B<sess_id>
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SSL Session Data Management.
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=item B<smime>
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S/MIME mail processing.
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=item B<speed>
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Algorithm Speed Measurement.
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=item B<spkac>
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SPKAC printing and generating utility.
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=item B<srp>
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Maintain SRP password file.
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=item B<storeutl>
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Utility to list and display certificates, keys, CRLs, etc.
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=item B<ts>
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Time Stamping Authority tool (client/server).
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=item B<verify>
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X.509 Certificate Verification.
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=item B<version>
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OpenSSL Version Information.
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=item B<x509>
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X.509 Certificate Data Management.
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=back
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=head2 Message Digest Commands
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=over 4
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=item B<blake2b512>
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BLAKE2b-512 Digest
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=item B<blake2s256>
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BLAKE2s-256 Digest
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=item B<md2>
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MD2 Digest
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=item B<md4>
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MD4 Digest
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=item B<md5>
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MD5 Digest
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=item B<mdc2>
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MDC2 Digest
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=item B<rmd160>
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RMD-160 Digest
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=item B<sha1>
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SHA-1 Digest
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=item B<sha224>
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SHA-2 224 Digest
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=item B<sha256>
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SHA-2 256 Digest
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=item B<sha384>
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SHA-2 384 Digest
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=item B<sha512>
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SHA-2 512 Digest
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=item B<sha3-224>
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SHA-3 224 Digest
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=item B<sha3-256>
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SHA-3 256 Digest
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=item B<sha3-384>
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SHA-3 384 Digest
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=item B<sha3-512>
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SHA-3 512 Digest
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=item B<shake128>
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SHA-3 SHAKE128 Digest
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=item B<shake256>
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SHA-3 SHAKE256 Digest
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=item B<sm3>
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SM3 Digest
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=back
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=head2 Encoding and Cipher Commands
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The following aliases provide convenient access to the most used encodings
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and ciphers.
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Depending on how OpenSSL was configured and built, not all ciphers listed
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here may be present. See L<enc(1)> for more information and command usage.
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=over 4
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=item B<aes128>, B<aes-128-cbc>, B<aes-128-cfb>, B<aes-128-ctr>, B<aes-128-ecb>, B<aes-128-ofb>
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AES-128 Cipher
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=item B<aes192>, B<aes-192-cbc>, B<aes-192-cfb>, B<aes-192-ctr>, B<aes-192-ecb>, B<aes-192-ofb>
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AES-192 Cipher
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=item B<aes256>, B<aes-256-cbc>, B<aes-256-cfb>, B<aes-256-ctr>, B<aes-256-ecb>, B<aes-256-ofb>
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AES-256 Cipher
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=item B<aria128>, B<aria-128-cbc>, B<aria-128-cfb>, B<aria-128-ctr>, B<aria-128-ecb>, B<aria-128-ofb>
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Aria-128 Cipher
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=item B<aria192>, B<aria-192-cbc>, B<aria-192-cfb>, B<aria-192-ctr>, B<aria-192-ecb>, B<aria-192-ofb>
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Aria-192 Cipher
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=item B<aria256>, B<aria-256-cbc>, B<aria-256-cfb>, B<aria-256-ctr>, B<aria-256-ecb>, B<aria-256-ofb>
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Aria-256 Cipher
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=item B<base64>
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Base64 Encoding
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=item B<bf>, B<bf-cbc>, B<bf-cfb>, B<bf-ecb>, B<bf-ofb>
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Blowfish Cipher
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=item B<camellia128>, B<camellia-128-cbc>, B<camellia-128-cfb>, B<camellia-128-ctr>, B<camellia-128-ecb>, B<camellia-128-ofb>
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Camellia-128 Cipher
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=item B<camellia192>, B<camellia-192-cbc>, B<camellia-192-cfb>, B<camellia-192-ctr>, B<camellia-192-ecb>, B<camellia-192-ofb>
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Camellia-192 Cipher
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=item B<camellia256>, B<camellia-256-cbc>, B<camellia-256-cfb>, B<camellia-256-ctr>, B<camellia-256-ecb>, B<camellia-256-ofb>
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Camellia-256 Cipher
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=item B<cast>, B<cast-cbc>
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CAST Cipher
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=item B<cast5-cbc>, B<cast5-cfb>, B<cast5-ecb>, B<cast5-ofb>
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CAST5 Cipher
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=item B<chacha20>
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Chacha20 Cipher
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=item B<des>, B<des-cbc>, B<des-cfb>, B<des-ecb>, B<des-ede>, B<des-ede-cbc>, B<des-ede-cfb>, B<des-ede-ofb>, B<des-ofb>
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DES Cipher
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=item B<des3>, B<desx>, B<des-ede3>, B<des-ede3-cbc>, B<des-ede3-cfb>, B<des-ede3-ofb>
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Triple-DES Cipher
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=item B<idea>, B<idea-cbc>, B<idea-cfb>, B<idea-ecb>, B<idea-ofb>
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IDEA Cipher
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=item B<rc2>, B<rc2-cbc>, B<rc2-cfb>, B<rc2-ecb>, B<rc2-ofb>
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RC2 Cipher
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=item B<rc4>
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RC4 Cipher
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=item B<rc5>, B<rc5-cbc>, B<rc5-cfb>, B<rc5-ecb>, B<rc5-ofb>
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RC5 Cipher
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=item B<seed>, B<seed-cbc>, B<seed-cfb>, B<seed-ecb>, B<seed-ofb>
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SEED Cipher
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=item B<sm4>, B<sm4-cbc>, B<sm4-cfb>, B<sm4-ctr>, B<sm4-ecb>, B<sm4-ofb>
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SM4 Cipher
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=back
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=head1 OPTIONS
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Details of which options are available depend on the specific command.
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This section describes some common options with common behavior.
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=head2 Common Options
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=over 4
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=item B<-help>
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Provides a terse summary of all options.
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=back
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=head2 Pass Phrase Options
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Several commands accept password arguments, typically using B<-passin>
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and B<-passout> for input and output passwords respectively. These allow
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the password to be obtained from a variety of sources. Both of these
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options take a single argument whose format is described below. If no
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password argument is given and a password is required then the user is
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prompted to enter one: this will typically be read from the current
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terminal with echoing turned off.
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Note that character encoding may be relevant, please see
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L<passphrase-encoding(7)>.
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=over 4
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=item B<pass:password>
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The actual password is B<password>. Since the password is visible
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to utilities (like 'ps' under Unix) this form should only be used
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where security is not important.
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=item B<env:var>
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Obtain the password from the environment variable B<var>. Since
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the environment of other processes is visible on certain platforms
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(e.g. ps under certain Unix OSes) this option should be used with caution.
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=item B<file:pathname>
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The first line of B<pathname> is the password. If the same B<pathname>
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argument is supplied to B<-passin> and B<-passout> arguments then the first
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line will be used for the input password and the next line for the output
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password. B<pathname> need not refer to a regular file: it could for example
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refer to a device or named pipe.
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=item B<fd:number>
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Read the password from the file descriptor B<number>. This can be used to
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send the data via a pipe for example.
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=item B<stdin>
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Read the password from standard input.
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=back
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=head1 SEE ALSO
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L<asn1parse(1)>, L<ca(1)>, L<ciphers(1)>, L<cms(1)>, L<config(5)>,
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L<crl(1)>, L<crl2pkcs7(1)>, L<dgst(1)>,
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L<dhparam(1)>, L<dsa(1)>, L<dsaparam(1)>,
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L<ec(1)>, L<ecparam(1)>,
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L<enc(1)>, L<engine(1)>, L<errstr(1)>, L<gendsa(1)>, L<genpkey(1)>,
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L<genrsa(1)>, L<nseq(1)>, L<ocsp(1)>,
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L<passwd(1)>,
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L<pkcs12(1)>, L<pkcs7(1)>, L<pkcs8(1)>,
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L<pkey(1)>, L<pkeyparam(1)>, L<pkeyutl(1)>, L<prime(1)>,
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L<rand(1)>, L<rehash(1)>, L<req(1)>, L<rsa(1)>,
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L<rsautl(1)>, L<s_client(1)>,
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L<s_server(1)>, L<s_time(1)>, L<sess_id(1)>,
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L<smime(1)>, L<speed(1)>, L<spkac(1)>, L<srp(1)>, L<storeutl(1)>,
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L<ts(1)>,
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L<verify(1)>, L<version(1)>, L<x509(1)>,
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L<crypto(7)>, L<ssl(7)>, L<x509v3_config(5)>
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=head1 HISTORY
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The B<list->I<XXX>B<-algorithms> pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL 1.0.0;
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For notes on the availability of other commands, see their individual
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manual pages.
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=head1 COPYRIGHT
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Copyright 2000-2018 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
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Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the "License"). You may not use
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this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
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in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
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L<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.
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=cut
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