lesson#27 - in, out, inout type qualifiers added

lesson#27 - Player movement and animation/ourGame/source/game/menu.d

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-module game.menu;
-
-import game.data;
-import game.gstatemanager;
-
-class Menu: IState {
-    this() {}
-
-    // inherited from IState interface
-    void run() {
-    update();
-    processEvents();
-    render();
-    }
-
-    void update() {}
-
-    void processEvents() {
-    if(IsKeyPressed(KeyboardKey.KEY_P)) {
-        GStateManager.getInstance.setState(GameState.Play);
-    }
-    }
-
-    void render() {
-    // enable drawing
-    BeginDrawing(); scope(exit) { EndDrawing(); }
-
-    // clear background
-    ClearBackground(Colors.GREEN);
-
-    // draw
-    // ...
-    }
-}

lesson#27 - in, out, inout type qualifiers/main.d

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+module main;
+
+import std.stdio;
+
+void main() {
+    int kg = 5;
+    int g = kg2g(kg);
+
+    writeln("kg: ", kg);
+    writeln(" g: ", g);
+
+    // --- --- ---
+    writeln("--- --- ---"); 
+    
+    int remainder = 0;
+    int result = divide(10, 4, remainder);
+    
+    writeln("   result: ", result);
+    writeln("remainder: ", remainder);
+
+    // --- --- --- 
+    writeln("--- --- ---"); 
+
+    int[] array = [1, 2, 3, 4];
+    const int[] constArray = [5, 6, 7, 8];
+    immutable int[] immutableArray = [9, 10, 11, 12];
+
+    int[] arrayResult = doSomething(array);
+    const int[] constArrayResult = doSomething(constArray);
+    immutable int[] immutableArrayResult = doSomething(immutableArray);
+    
+    int[] arr = doSomething(constArray); // error! cannot do implicit conversion between type qualifiers
+    // Error: cannot implicitly convert expression `doSomething(constArray)` of type `const(int)[]` to `int[]`
+
+    writeln(" a: ", arrayResult);
+    writeln("ca: ", constArrayResult);
+    writeln("ia: ", immutableArrayResult);
+}
+
+/// kilogram to gram converter
+int kg2g(in int kg) {
+    // kg = 2; // error, cannot modify, read-only
+
+    int g = kg * 1000;
+    return g;
+}
+
+/// division and calculates remainder
+int divide(in int value, in int divisor, out int remainder) {
+    assert(remainder == int.init); // remainder is for output, it is initialized to 0
+
+    // calculate
+    remainder = value % divisor;
+    int result = value / divisor;
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+/// imagine it does something useful
+inout(int)[] doSomething(inout(int)[] values) {
+    // do some work
+    return values;
+}
+
+
+

lesson#28 - Player movement and animation/ourGame/source/game/animation/animation.d

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-module game.animation;
+module game.animation.animation;
 
 import raylib;
 
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ struct Animation {
         bool isActive;
     }
 
-    this(const ref Texture2D texture, const int numFrames, const int numVerticalFrames, const float frameTimeSecs, const int row = 1) {
+    this(in Texture2D texture, in int numFrames, in int numVerticalFrames, in float frameTimeSecs, in int row = 1) {
         this.texture = texture;
         this.numFrames = numFrames;
         this.frameTimeSecs = frameTimeSecs;
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ struct Animation {
         }
     }
 
-    void draw(const Vector2 position) {
+    void draw(in Vector2 position) {
         DrawTextureRec(texture, rectFrames[currentFrame], position, Colors.WHITE);
     }
 }

lesson#28 - Player movement and animation/ourGame/source/game/animation/manager.d

@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
-module game.animationmanager;
+module game.animation.manager;
 
 import raylib;
-import game.animation;
+import game.animation.animation;
 
 struct AnimationManager {
     private Animation[KeyboardKey] animations;
     private KeyboardKey lastKey;
 
-    void addAnimation(KeyboardKey key, Animation animation) {
+    void addAnimation(in KeyboardKey key, Animation animation) {
         animations[key] = animation;
         lastKey = key;
     }
 
-    void update(KeyboardKey key) {
+    void update(in KeyboardKey key) {
         if(key in animations) {
             animations[key].start();
             animations[key].update();
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ struct AnimationManager {
         }
     }
 
-    void draw(const Vector2 position) {
+    void draw(in Vector2 position) {
         animations[lastKey].draw(position);
     }
 }

lesson#28 - Player movement and animation/ourGame/source/game/data.d

@@ -26,13 +26,13 @@ class Entity {
     Rectangle frame;
     Vector2 position;
     
-    this(const ref Texture2D texture, const Rectangle frame, const Vector2 Position) { 
+    this(in Texture2D texture, in Rectangle frame, in Vector2 Position) { 
         this.texture = texture;
         this.frame = frame;
         this.position = position;
     }
     
-    void move(const float x, const float y) {
+    void move(in float x, in float y) {
         position.x += x;
         position.y += y;
     }

lesson#28 - Player movement and animation/ourGame/source/game/menu.d

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+module game.menu;
+
+import game.data;
+import game.gstatemanager;
+
+class Menu: IState {
+    this() {}
+
+    // inherited from IState interface
+    void run() {
+        update();
+        processEvents();
+        render();
+    }
+
+    void update() {}
+
+    void processEvents() {
+        if(IsKeyPressed(KeyboardKey.KEY_P)) {
+            GStateManager.getInstance.setState(GameState.Play);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void render() {
+        // enable drawing
+        BeginDrawing(); scope(exit) { EndDrawing(); }
+
+        // clear background
+        ClearBackground(Colors.GREEN);
+
+        // draw
+        // ...
+    }
+}

lesson#28 - Player movement and animation/ourGame/source/game/player.d

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 module game.player;
 
 import game.data;
-import game.animation;
-import game.animationmanager;
+import game.animation.animation;
+import game.animation.manager;
 
 class Player: Entity {
     private int playerSpeed;
     private AnimationManager animation;
 
-    this(const ref Texture2D texture, const Rectangle frame, const Vector2 position, const int playerSpeed) {
+    this(in Texture2D texture, in Rectangle frame, in Vector2 position, in int playerSpeed) {
         super(texture, frame, position);
         this.playerSpeed = playerSpeed;