mirror of https://gitlab.com/basile.b/dexed.git
475 lines
28 KiB
Plaintext
475 lines
28 KiB
Plaintext
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Welcome to the Coedit Wiki, the documentation source for the small Windows & Linux IDE for the D programming language.
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# Menu reference
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## File
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- **"New empty file"**: adds a new, untyped file to the source editor.
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- **"New runnable module"**: adds a new file with a main() procedure. See [runnable modules][lnk_runa].
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- **"Open file..."**: open a D source file from a dialog. If the file is already opened then the matching editor gets the focus.
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- **"Open recent"**: displays the list of the Most Recently Used (MRU) files.
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- **"Close file"**: closes the current editor with an optional warning if its content is modified.
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- **"Save file"**: saves the current editor to the disk.
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- **"Save all"**: saves all the files currently opened in the source editor.
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- **"Save file as..."**: save the current editor using a dialog.
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- **"Export html..."**: export the current editor to a html file with html-based highlighting.
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- **"Add file to project"**: adds the file matching to the current editor to the project. If the current editor has been created using **"New empty file"** or **"New runnable module"** then the operation fails.
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- **"Compile file"**: compile the current file. See [runnable modules][lnk_runa].
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- **"Compile file and run"**: compiles the current file and execute. See [runnable modules][lnk_runa].
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- **"Compile file and run outside"**: compiles the current file and execute without redirection. See [runnable modules][lnk_runa].
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- **"Compile file and run..."**: compiles the current file and execute with a set of options defined in a simple input-query dialog. The arguments must be separated with spaces and can include double quotes.
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- **"Run compiled file"**: tries the execute the binary produced by a previous call to _Compile file_.
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- **"Run file unittests"**: compiles and runs the current file with the options **-main -unittest**. If the application option _coverModuleTests_ is set then CE will also pass **-cov** to DMD and report in the messages the lines of code that are not covered by the unit tests. This action is not usable if the current module already contains a `main()` function.
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- **"Set runnable switches"**: allows to modify the switches passed to DMD when compiling a runnable module. One switch by line, invalid or duplicated switches are removed, such as _-main_ and _-unittest_ since they are set with _Run file unittests_.
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- **"Verify with Dscanner"**: verifies the current file with [Dscanner](https://github.com/Hackerpilot/Dscanner). Results are displayed in the [message widget][lnk_widg_msg].
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- **"View in mini explorer"**: expands the [mini-explorer][lnk_widg_miniexpl] tree on the folder that contains the current file.
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# Docking
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Coedit interface is divided into a small dozen of dockable widgets. Except the code editor, each widget
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can be dragged in another widget or to one of its edges. To avoid any error, the layout can be locked when right clicking a header:
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Layouts can be saved or reloaded from the main menu:
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Docking can be customized in the [option editor][lnk_widg_opts]:
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Note that the docking relies on a component that's in beta state and problems might be encountered:
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- many small windows appear when CE is launched: the widgets are actually all independent forms that are created before being docked, under a Windows system they are visible for a second.
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- space between the menu and the workspace: the splitter can be moved when pressing the <kbd>CTRL</kbd> key.
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- strange looking layout after reloading (missing splitter between two widgets, or nothing between two splitters): close CE, delete the configuration file named _docking.xml_ from the [data folder][lnk_widg_opts], after what Coedit will start with the default layout.
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- other problem: [file an issue][lnk_bugtracker].
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# Widgets
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## Editor widget
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The _source editor widget_ is a standard code editor, specialized for highlighting D source files.
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#### Overview
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- folding: curly brackets blocks, multi-line strings, block comments, nested block comments, DDoc comments blocks.
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- colorization of the following categories: attributes, keywords, special keywords, numbers, symbols, comments, assembler, DDoc comments.
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- current identifier markup, selection markup.
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- standard keyboard navigation shortcuts <kbd>CTRL</kbd> + [<kbd>SHIFT</kbd> +] <kbd>LEFT</kbd> | <kbd>RIGHT</kbd>, <kbd>CTRL</kbd> + <kbd>HOME</kbd>, <kbd>CTRL</kbd> + <kbd>END</kbd> etc.
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- macro recording and playback using <kbd>CTRL</kbd> + <kbd>SHIFT</kbd> + <kbd>R</kbd> (start or stop recording) or <kbd>CTRL</kbd> + <kbd>SHIFT</kbd> + <kbd>P</kbd> (play).
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- synchro-edit (activated when clicking the pen icon located in the gutter, or with the shortcut <kbd>CTRL</kbd> + <kbd>E</kbd> and <kbd>CTRL</kbd> + <kbd>SHIFT</kbd> + <kbd>E</kbd>).
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- zoom: <kbd>CTRL</kbd> + <kbd>WHEEL</kbd>, <kbd>CTRL</kbd> + <kbd>MIDDLE MB</kbd>, <kbd>CTRL</kbd> + <kbd>+</kbd> | <kbd>-</kbd> | <kbd>.</kbd>.
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- display cache: for each document, the zoom ratio, the folding state and the caret position are saved between two sessions. A cache file has a fixed life-time of three months from its last modification.
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- drag & drop editing.
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- external modification tracking. Each time the focus is put on a document (switch document, show & hide application), Coedit verifies if its time stamp has changed.
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- static macros.
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- custom folded regions.
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- huge amount of options.
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- split view: two editors in one page.
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- most recent location buffer: instead of bookmarks, the most recent caret positions are stored in a buffer. Positions can be recovered with the lateral mouse buttons (_X1_ & _X2_) or with the multimedia keyboard keys _next web page_ & _previous web page_.
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#### Custom regions
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The custom regions are defined in single line comments.
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A region starts with a comment that ends with at least three hyphens and a plus symbol.
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A region stops with a comment ending with at least four hyphens.
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Two valid examples:
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```D
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// ctor/dtor -------------+
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this(string s){}
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this(uint u){}
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~this(){}
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// ------------------------
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// operators overloads ---+
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void opIndexAssign(size_t i; T t){}
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T opIndex(size_t i){}
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// ----
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```
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Regions are saved and reloaded with the editor cache. They give a clear and compact view of a module:
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#### Static macros
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The static macros can be described as *parameter-less code snippets*.
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A static macro starts with the dollar symbol and ends with an alphabetic character.
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For example after typing `$a`, `auto` is inserted.
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Confer with the [source code](https://github.com/BBasile/Coedit/blob/master/src/ce_staticmacro.pas#L57) too see the pre-defined macros list.
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Custom macros can be edited in the [options editor][lnk_widg_opts]:
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#### Editor options
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Editor options are displayed in the [option editor][lnk_widg_opts].
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They cover many aspects of the editor:
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- highlighterDlang: options for D2 highlighter such as colors, font styles, folding, etc.
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- highlighterText: options for generic highlighter such as colors, font styles, etc.
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- ddocDelay, autoDotDelay: tweak how fast [DCD][lnk_dcd] features are.
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- options1 & options2: about 50 boolean options to define if the special characters are shown, if the trailing spaces are trimmed, if the tabs are converted to spaces, etc.
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- and much more.
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The shortcuts are editable from the [option editor][lnk_widg_opts], category _Shortcuts, Code editor_:
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#### Split view
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The split view allows to pin one of the document to the right of the other documents.
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To pin a document, open it in an editor and click the right-most toolbar button.
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The other editors will get this document displayed at their right.
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To unpin a document, select its initial page and click the same button.
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The document to pin can be replaced on the fly, still using the same button, and even if the split view is already active.
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It's useful to display a module that contains the declarations of a library binding since it's not anymore necessary to change the editor page to verify the members of an enum or the parameters of a function.
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Note that the action _jump to declaration_ (see [DCD][lnk_dcd]) is adapted so that the page index is not modified if the declaration definition is in the document that's pined to the right.
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#### Helpers
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The editor proposes two useful actions to (un)comment blocks of code.
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The action _invert version all none_ changes the `version(none)` statements to `version(all)` statements and vice versa. When no selection is available this is applied to the whole document.
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The action _comment selection_ adds or removes the `\\` located at the beginning of each line in the current selection.
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Another important helper is the brace auto-closing. By default it's not activated. Several modes are proposed:
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- _autoCloseNever_: deactivate the feature.
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- _autoCloseAtEof_: closes a brace after a `{` located at the end of file.
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- _autoCloseAlways_: closes a brace after a `{`.
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- _autoCloseLexically_: closes a brace after a `{` if the count of braces pairs is odd.
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- _autoCloseOnNewLineEof_: closes a brace after a `{` located at the end of file but only after <kbd>ENTER</kbd>.
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- _autoCloseOnNewLineAlways_: closes a brace after a `{` but only after <kbd>ENTER</kbd>.
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- _autoCloseOnNewLineLexically_: closes a brace on <kbd>ENTER</kbd> and if the count of braces pairs is odd.
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## Find & replace widget
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The _find and replace_ widget allows to find and replace text patterns in the focused source editor.
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- first field: the pattern to find.
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- second field: the pattern used as replacement, only active when **"replace with"** is checked.
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- whole word: only search for the whole pattern.
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- backward: search from the current position to the top.
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- from cursor: when unchecked, the operation always starts from the top of the document.
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- case sensitive: when unchecked, the case is ignored.
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- prompt: a confirmation is required to replace a match.
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- allow regex: when checked, the search is performed by a regex engine (which doesn't mean that the pattern to find has to be a regex).
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By default <kbd>CTRL</kbd> + <kbd>F</kbd> is used to pass the current identifier to the first field and <kbd>F3</kbd> to execute a search.
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_Find all_ results are displayed in the [messages widget][lnk_widg_msg], with a context and they are clickable.
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The scope of _Find all_ can be set, either to the current editor or to the whole project, by clicking the icon at the right.
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Notes:
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- To find the declaration of a symbol, <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>MB Left</kbd> or the [symbol list][lnk_widg_symlist] are faster.
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- To rename a variable or a type, local identifier renaming (<kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>F2</kbd>) can be more accurate than _Replace all_ since this uses the semantic.
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## Project configuration widget
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The project configuration widget is a powerful editor for the compiler options. By design it uses an "_Object Inspector_" GUI element.
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If this choice has avoided a painful GUI designing work, it also perfectly represents the way the classes that encapsulates the compiler options have been programmed. (see _ce_dmdwrap.pas_).
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The following paragraphs specify exactly which _DMD_ switch is generated for an option,
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however these values are not anymore exact when CE is tweaked to compile its project format with _LDC2_ since
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the _DMD_ switches are translated for _LDC2_ through the compatibility tool _LDMD2_.
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- : adds a new compiler configuration. An input-query dialog allows to directly set its name (see the above note about the configuration name).
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- : removes the current compiler configuration.
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- : clones the current compiler configuration.
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-  **/** : de/activates the synchro-mode. When activated, each particular option edited will be copied to the other configurations.
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Notes:
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- changing the configuration name is only possible in the section [**All Categories**](https://github.com/BBasile/Coedit/wiki#all-categories), field **name**.
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#### General options:
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The general options are common to each configuration.
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- Configuration index: selects a configuration by its index. This property exists only for the project persistence.
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To select a configuration, rather uses the project inspector or the combo-box at the top of the widget.
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- libraryAliases: shows a small editor used to specify the aliases of the libraries used by the project.
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One item per line. An item text must match to an entry of the [_libman_][lnk_widg_lib]. It avoids the addition of the **-I** options and the additional sources.
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When dependencies are complex, it's possible to select all the entries by setting the first line of the editor to a single asterisk `*`.
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Thanks to this shortcut you don't have to remember if an aliased library is using another library but be warned that compilation speed can be impacted.
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Note that unless the project _binaryKind_ is set to _executable_ or _sharedlib_ the static libraries selected from this list are not linked.
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- RootFolder: the project file is not necessarily indicating the root of the project folder.
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This field can be used to specify another one, either relative or absolute. This is useful to run a custom tool using the *CPR* [symbolic string][lnk_sym] (e.g: git, recursive cleaning).
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- Sources: shows a dialog used to edit the filenames of the project sources. Relative paths are automatically handled. Only one item must stand by line.
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It's recommended to use the [project inspector][lnk_widg_prjinsp] instead of this archaic editor. To include a folder of source it's also possible to specify a path with a asterisk in the **Paths** options, **extraSources** editor.
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This avoids to manually remove the obsolete source or to manually add the new source files.
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#### Message options:
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Groups the options related to the messages emitted by the compiler.
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These options are defined per-configuration.
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- deprecationHandling: sets the way deprecations must be handled (among _silent_ or _error_, **-ds** or **-de**, the default value, _warning_, does not produce a switch)
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- quiet: sets if non essential compiler messages are skipped. (**-quiet**)
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- showColumnsNumber: sets if the horizontal position is shown in the messages. (**-vcolumns**)
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- showHiddenAlloc: if sets then display potentially hidden GC allocations. (**-vgc**)
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- tlsInformations: sets if thread local storage information are displayed. (**-vtls**)
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- verbose: sets if verbose. (**-v**)
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- warnings: sets if the warnings are displayed. (**-w**)
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- warningsAsInfo: defines if the warnings don't prevent the project to be compiled.
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#### Debugging options:
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Groups the options related to the debugging information added to the output binary.
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These options are defined per-configuration.
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- codeviewCformat: generate debug info using the _codeview_ format. (**-gc**)
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- codeviewDexts: adds D _codeview_ extensions. (**-g**)
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- debug: sets if debug information are generated. (**-debug**)
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- debugLevel: sets the debugging level. (**-debug=x**)
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- debugIdentifiers: list of debug identifiers. (for each item **-debug=item** is generated). One item per line.
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- generateMapFile: sets if a map file is generated. (**-map**)
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#### Documentation options:
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Groups the options related to the generation of the project documentation.
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These options are defined per-configuration.
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- documentationDirectory: sets the directory where the documentation is generated. It can be a relative path. (**-Dd**)
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- generateDocumentation: sets if the documentation is generated. This field is constrained to _true_ if the doc path is defined. (**-D**)
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- generateJSON: sets if the JSON documentation is generated. This field is constrained to _true_ if the JSON file name is defined. (**-X**)
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- JSONFilename: sets the JSON file name. (**-Xf**)
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#### Output options:
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Groups the options related to the code generation.
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These options are defined per-configuration.
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- addMain: adds an empty _main()_ procedure. (**-main**)
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- alwaysLinkStaticLibs: under Windows this option forces to link a static library selected in the _LibraryAliases_ even if not required (for example if the project is itself a static library).
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- binaryKind: sets the compiler output kind among: **"staticlib"**, **"sharedlib"**, **"executable"** and **"object"**. (it matches respectively to **-lib**, **-shared**, nothing, **-c**).
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- boundsCheck: sets the bounds checking mode, among **"alwaysON"**, **"alwaysOFF"** and **"safeOnly"**. (**-boundscheck=on** or **-boundscheck=off** or **-boundscheck=safeonly**). The switch is not generated when it's a default value.
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- generateStackFrame: forces the generation of stack frames. (**-gs**)
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- inlining: try to inline functions and procedures. (**-inline**)
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- Optimizations: optimize. (**-O**)
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- release: do not generate the assertions and the contracts. (**-release**)
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- targetKind: sets the target registry size, among **auto**(same as current OS) **os32** (targets a 32 bit OS) and **os64** (targets a 64 bit OS). It should usually remain to **auto** however this can be used to verify the portability of the project. (**-m32**, **-m64**)
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- unittest: generates the unittest code. (**-unittest**)
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- versionIdentifiers: list of version identifiers. One per line, the switches **-version=** are added automatically. An entry can be disabled by prefixing it with a semicolon or a pair of backslash.
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#### Other Options:
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Most of the existing switches are hard-coded however for the few missing ones this field can be used (e.g: the linker flags). In the dialog respect the following rules:
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- the switches must be included. (e.g: an additional version identifier must include the whole prefix _-version=_)
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- an entry must not be double quoted, even if it contains a file name with spaces. (they are automatically added later)
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- one item per line.
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- no leading or trailing spaces.
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- an entry can be disabled if it's prefixed by a semicolon or a by pair of backslash.
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These custom switches are defined per-configuration.
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#### Path options:
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Groups the options defining the location of the files used or produced by the compiler.
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These options are defined per-configuration.
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- exclusions: paths or files to exclude from the main sources. The items can contain [symbolic strings [lnk_sym]. The items can be global [match expressions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glob_(programming)).
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- extraSources: either _*.lib_, _*.a_, _*.o_ and _*.obj_, files or _*.d_, _*.di_ source files. If a path that ends with an asterisk is added (e.g: _folderA\folderB\*_) then every source files located in this folder and its sub-folders will be passed to the compiler.
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- forceExtension: when set, the output filename has always the right file extension. This option is useful when the _outputFilename_ contains periods but no extension (example: `-offoo.bar` under linux generates the executable `foo.bar` but under windows and if the option is set `foo.bar.exe`).
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- importModulePaths: a list of paths where _DMD_ has to look for the libraries sources. (**-I**)
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- importStringPaths: a list of paths used to solve the `import(file)` expressions. (**-J**)
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- objectDirectory: the directory where object files (_*.o_ or _*.obj_) must be written. (**-od**)
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- outputFilename: the output filename. The identifier should only include a period to specify a non default extension otherwise it prevents _DMD_ to add the default one. (**-of**)
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#### Pre/Post build process options:
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They define the options of two processes and a bunch of commands, respectively executed before and after the compilation.
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These options are defined per-configuration.
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These options are not compatible with the system of _base_ & _overridden_ configuration.
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- executable: the executable file name. If the system cannot solve its path using the environment variables then it must be included.
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It can also be represented by a [symbolic string][lnk_sym].
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- options: a set of options. Activate **poUsesPipe** and **poStdErrToOutput** if you wish to redirect the process output to the messages widget.
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- parameters: a list of switches and arguments. As usual, one item per line, no double quotes.
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- showWindow: sets how the program window is displayed.
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- simpleCommands: additionally to the process, a list of shell commands can be specified, they are executed before the pre/post process. The commands have fixed options: always piped to the message widget, the working directory is always the project path.
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The commands can contain [symbolic strings][lnk_sym].
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The pre-build process is always executed, even if the project has no source files.
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This can be used as a trick to compile from another tool.
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An interesting post-build process feature is that it can be set on the executable that's just been build.
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This is possible when the post compilation process _executable_ is set to the [symbolic string][lnk_sym] **`<CPO>`**, which is expanded to the name of the file produced by the compiler.
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#### Run options:
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They define the options applied when running the project output (e.g: menu **"project"**, **"compile and run"**).
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The _executable_ field is not present because it relies on the project parameters (**-of** for a CE project and the combination of _targetPath_ with _targetName_ for a DUB project).
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If the output is piped then the [process input widget][lnk_widg_procinp] can be used to pass the input to the program being executed.
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These options are defined per-configuration.
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These options are not compatible with the system of _base_ & _overridden_ configuration.
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#### All categories
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Unfiltered options, sub categories can be expanded or collapsed.
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- name: the current configurations name.
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- isBaseConfiguration: when set, the current configuration defines the default options of a configuration which is set as overridden.
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- isOverriddenConfiguration: when set, the options of the current configuration are only handled if they don't match to the base configuration or if the base configuration is not set. This system avoids to edit using the synchro-mode.
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# Detailed and illustrated tutorials
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## New project flow
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In this tutorial will see how to start a _Coedit_ project from scratch.
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- Start _Coedit_ or create a new project.
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- In the **File** menu, click **New empty file**.
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- Add the `main()` function.
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- Save the file where you wish to, using the action **Save as**.
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- Still in the **File** menu, click **Add file to project**. The file we've just saved will be added to the project sources.
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- At this time, the project can be already compiled, even without being saved.
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However save it somewhere. In the project inspector, the source path will be displayed relatively to the project location.
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- You can now compile the project.
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## Using a runnable module as an interactive command interpreter
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In this tutorial, we'll see that a Coedit runnable module can
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be used to program an interactive command interpreter, completely
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integrated to the IDE thanks to the automatic redirection of
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the input and the output streams.
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Create a new runnable module.
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In a first time we need a loop that waits for a command to process.
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The input is split into command and arguments.
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The raw input is used to test the program termination:
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```D
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module interactive.command.interpreter;
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import std.stdio;
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import std.array;
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string[] arguments;
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string command;
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void main(string[] args)
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{
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string input;
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while (true)
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{
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input = readln;
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if (input == "exit\n") return;
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// split command and args
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auto s = split(input);
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if (s.length){
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command = s[0];
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if (s.length > 1)
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arguments = s[1..$];
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else
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arguments.length = 0;
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}
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}
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}
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```
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Now we add a bunch of trivial command processors. They are dispatched with the help of an associative array:
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```D
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module interactive.command.interpreter;
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import std.stdio;
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import std.array;
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string[] arguments;
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string command;
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void function()[string] dispatcher;
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static this(){
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dispatcher["hello"] = &hello;
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dispatcher["showargs"] = &showArgs;
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}
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void showArgs(){
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foreach(arg;arguments) writeln(arg);
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}
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void hello(){
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writeln("hello world");
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}
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void main(string[] args)
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{
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string input;
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while (true)
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{
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input = readln;
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if (input == "exit\n") return;
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// split command and args
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auto s = split(input);
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if (s.length){
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command = s[0];
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if (s.length > 1)
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arguments = s[1..$];
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else
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arguments.length = 0;
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if (command in dispatcher)
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dispatcher[command]();
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else
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writeln("unrecognized command: ", command);
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stdout.flush;
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}
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}
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}
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```
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You can now click, in the **run** menu **compile and run file**.
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Use the [process input widget][lnk_widg_procinp] to pass a command and their optional arguments to the interpreter,
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for example `hello` and press <kbd>ENTER</kbd>:
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Then, if not already done, save the module written for this tutorial and type
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`showargs <CFF> <CAF> <CAP>` and press <kbd>ENTER</kbd>, the [symbolic strings][lnk_sym] will be expanded by the process-input-widget before being
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sent as input.
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To finish type "exit" and press <kbd>ENTER</kbd>.
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