diff --git a/dom.d b/dom.d
index 210ba00..187eed1 100644
--- a/dom.d
+++ b/dom.d
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ class Element {
 	}
 
 	///.
-	final SomeElementType requireElementById(SomeElementType = Element)(string id)
+	final SomeElementType requireElementById(SomeElementType = Element, string file = __FILE__, int line = __LINE__)(string id)
 	if(
 		is(SomeElementType : Element)
 	)
@@ -487,12 +487,12 @@ class Element {
 	body {
 		auto e = cast(SomeElementType) getElementById(id);
 		if(e is null)
-			throw new ElementNotFoundException(SomeElementType.stringof, "id=" ~ id);
+			throw new ElementNotFoundException(SomeElementType.stringof, "id=" ~ id, file, line);
 		return e;
 	}
 
 	///.
-	final SomeElementType requireSelector(SomeElementType = Element)(string selector)
+	final SomeElementType requireSelector(SomeElementType = Element, string file = __FILE__, int line = __LINE__)(string selector)
 	if(
 		is(SomeElementType : Element)
 	)
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ class Element {
 	body {
 		auto e = cast(SomeElementType) querySelector(selector);
 		if(e is null)
-			throw new ElementNotFoundException(SomeElementType.stringof, selector);
+			throw new ElementNotFoundException(SomeElementType.stringof, selector, file, line);
 		return e;
 	}
 
@@ -689,7 +689,7 @@ class Element {
 		string where = a.href; // same as a.getAttribute("href");
 	*/
 		// name != "popFront" is so duck typing doesn't think it's a range
-	string opDispatch(string name)(string v = null) if(name != "popFront") {
+	@property string opDispatch(string name)(string v = null) if(name != "popFront") {
 		if(v !is null)
 			setAttribute(name, v);
 		return getAttribute(name);
@@ -707,12 +707,18 @@ class Element {
 		return children;
 	}
 
-
+	/// get all the classes on this element
+	@property string[] classes() {
+		return className.split(" ");
+	}
 
 	/// Adds a string to the class attribute. The class attribute is used a lot in CSS.
 	Element addClass(string c) {
+		if(hasClass(c))
+			return this; // don't add it twice
+
 		string cn = getAttribute("class");
-		if(cn is null) {
+		if(cn.length == 0) {
 			setAttribute("class", c);
 			return this;
 		} else {
@@ -724,10 +730,18 @@ class Element {
 
 	/// Removes a particular class name.
 	Element removeClass(string c) {
-		auto cn = className;
+		if(!hasClass(c))
+			return this;
+		string n;
+		foreach(name; classes) {
+			if(c == name)
+				continue; // cut it out
+			if(n.length)
+				n ~= " ";
+			n ~= name;
+		}
 
-		// FIXME: this is actually wrong!
-		className = cn.replace(c, "").strip;
+		className = n.strip;
 
 		return this;
 	}
@@ -1680,7 +1694,7 @@ class Element {
 	/**
 		Returns a lazy range of all its children, recursively.
 	*/
-	ElementStream tree() {
+	@property ElementStream tree() {
 		return new ElementStream(this);
 	}
 }
@@ -3286,11 +3300,11 @@ class Document : FileResource {
 	}
 
 	/// ditto
-	final SomeElementType requireSelector(SomeElementType = Element)(string selector)
+	final SomeElementType requireSelector(SomeElementType = Element, string file = __FILE__, int line = __LINE__)(string selector)
 		if( is(SomeElementType : Element))
 		out(ret) { assert(ret !is null); }
 	body {
-		return root.requireSelector!(SomeElementType)(selector);
+		return root.requireSelector!(SomeElementType, file, line)(selector);
 	}
 
 
@@ -4521,7 +4535,7 @@ final class Stack(T) {
 final class ElementStream {
 
 	///.
-	Element front() {
+	@property Element front() {
 		return current.element;
 	}
 
@@ -4572,7 +4586,7 @@ final class ElementStream {
 	}
 
 	///.
-	bool empty() {
+	@property bool empty() {
 		return isEmpty;
 	}
 
diff --git a/web.d b/web.d
index ec088a5..e765a4a 100644
--- a/web.d
+++ b/web.d
@@ -324,16 +324,14 @@ class ApiProvider : WebDotDBaseType {
 	protected void addCsrfTokens(Document document) {
 		if(document is null)
 			return;
-		if(!csrfTokenAddedToScript) {
+		auto bod = document.mainBody;
+		if(!bod.hasAttribute("data-csrf-key")) {
 			auto tokenInfo = _getCsrfInfo();
 			if(tokenInfo is null)
 				return;
-
-			auto bod = document.mainBody;
 			if(bod !is null) {
 				bod.setAttribute("data-csrf-key", tokenInfo["key"]);
 				bod.setAttribute("data-csrf-token", tokenInfo["token"]);
-				csrfTokenAddedToScript = true;
 			}
 
 			addCsrfTokens(document.root);
@@ -346,29 +344,22 @@ class ApiProvider : WebDotDBaseType {
 		super._postProcess(document);
 	}
 
-	private bool csrfTokenAddedToScript;
-	//private bool csrfTokenAddedToForms;
-
 	/// This adds CSRF tokens to all forms in the tree
 	protected void addCsrfTokens(Element element) {
 		if(element is null)
 			return;
-		//if(!csrfTokenAddedToForms) {
-			auto tokenInfo = _getCsrfInfo();
-			if(tokenInfo is null)
-				return;
+		auto tokenInfo = _getCsrfInfo();
+		if(tokenInfo is null)
+			return;
 
-			foreach(formElement; element.getElementsByTagName("form")) {
-				if(formElement.method != "POST" && formElement.method != "post")
-					continue;
-				auto form = cast(Form) formElement;
-				assert(form !is null);
+		foreach(formElement; element.getElementsByTagName("form")) {
+			if(formElement.method != "POST" && formElement.method != "post")
+				continue;
+			auto form = cast(Form) formElement;
+			assert(form !is null);
 
-				form.setValue(tokenInfo["key"], tokenInfo["token"]);
-			}
-
-			//csrfTokenAddedToForms = true;
-		//}
+			form.setValue(tokenInfo["key"], tokenInfo["token"]);
+		}
 	}
 
 	// and added to ajax forms..
@@ -477,7 +468,7 @@ class ApiProvider : WebDotDBaseType {
 		assert(ret !is null);
 	}
 	body {
-		auto document = new Document("<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title></title><link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"styles.css\" /></head><body><div id=\"body\"></div><script src=\"functions.js\"></script></body></html>", true, true);
+		auto document = new Document("<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title></title><style>.format-row { display: none; }</style><link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"styles.css\" /></head><body><div id=\"body\"></div><script src=\"functions.js\"></script></body></html>", true, true);
 		if(this.reflection !is null)
 			document.title = this.reflection.name;
 		auto container = document.getElementById("body");
@@ -499,12 +490,16 @@ class ApiProvider : WebDotDBaseType {
 	private string _errorMessageForCatchAll;
 	private FileResource _catchallEntry(string path, string funName, string errorMessage) {
 		if(!errorMessage.length) {
+			/*
 			string allFuncs, allObjs;
 			foreach(n, f; reflection.functions)
 				allFuncs ~= n ~ "\n";
 			foreach(n, f; reflection.objects)
 				allObjs ~= n ~ "\n";
 			errorMessage =  "no such function " ~ funName ~ "\n functions are:\n" ~ allFuncs ~ "\n\nObjects are:\n" ~ allObjs;
+			*/
+
+			errorMessage = "No such page: " ~ funName;
 		}
 
 		_errorMessageForCatchAll = errorMessage;
@@ -906,6 +901,7 @@ Parameter reflectParam(param)() {
 struct CallInfo {
 	string objectIdentifier;
 	immutable(FunctionInfo)* func;
+	void delegate(Document)[] postProcessors;
 }
 
 class NonCanonicalUrlException : Exception {
@@ -961,6 +957,9 @@ CallInfo parseUrl(in ReflectionInfo* reflection, string url, string defaultFunct
 			name = "/"; // should call _defaultPage
 	}
 
+	if(reflection.instantiation !is null)
+		info.postProcessors ~= &(reflection.instantiation._postProcess);
+
 	if(name in reflection.functions) {
 		info.func = reflection.functions[name];
 
@@ -1058,13 +1057,6 @@ void run(Provider)(Cgi cgi, Provider instantiation, size_t pathInfoStartingPoint
 	if(cgi.pathInfo.indexOf("builtin.") != -1 && instantiation.builtInFunctions !is null)
 		base = instantiation.builtInFunctions;
 
-	if(instantiator.length) {
-		assert(fun !is null);
-		assert(fun.parentObject !is null);
-		assert(fun.parentObject.instantiate !is null);
-		realObject = fun.parentObject.instantiate(instantiator);
-	}
-
 	try {
 		if(fun is null) {
 			auto d = instantiation._catchallEntry(
@@ -1092,6 +1084,15 @@ void run(Provider)(Cgi cgi, Provider instantiation, size_t pathInfoStartingPoint
 		assert(fun.dispatcher !is null);
 		assert(cgi !is null);
 
+
+		if(instantiator.length) {
+			assert(fun !is null);
+			assert(fun.parentObject !is null);
+			assert(fun.parentObject.instantiate !is null);
+			realObject = fun.parentObject.instantiate(instantiator);
+		}
+
+
 		result.type = fun.returnType;
 
 		string format = cgi.request("format", reflection.defaultOutputFormat);
@@ -1179,6 +1180,10 @@ void run(Provider)(Cgi cgi, Provider instantiation, size_t pathInfoStartingPoint
 
 				result.result.str = form.toString();
 			} else {
+				auto fourOhFour = cast(NoSuchPageException) e;
+				if(fourOhFour !is null)
+					cgi.setResponseStatus("404 File Not Found");
+
 				if(instantiation._errorFunction !is null) {
 					auto document = instantiation._errorFunction(e);
 					if(document is null)
@@ -1186,8 +1191,10 @@ void run(Provider)(Cgi cgi, Provider instantiation, size_t pathInfoStartingPoint
 					result.result.str = (document.toString());
 				} else {
 				gotnull:
-					auto code = Element.make("pre");
-					code.innerText = e.toString();
+					auto code = Element.make("div");
+					code.addClass("exception-error-message");
+					code.addChild("p", e.msg);
+					debug code.addChild("pre", e.toString());
 
 					result.result.str = (code.toString());
 				}
@@ -1235,9 +1242,9 @@ void run(Provider)(Cgi cgi, Provider instantiation, size_t pathInfoStartingPoint
 				if(result.result.type == JSON_TYPE.STRING) {
 					auto returned = result.result.str;
 
-					if((fun !is null) && envelopeFormat != "html") {
+					if(envelopeFormat != "html") {
 						Document document;
-						if(result.success && fun.returnTypeIsDocument && returned.length) {
+						if(result.success && fun !is null && fun.returnTypeIsDocument && returned.length) {
 							// probably not super efficient...
 							document = new TemplatedDocument(returned);
 						} else {
@@ -1253,9 +1260,18 @@ void run(Provider)(Cgi cgi, Provider instantiation, size_t pathInfoStartingPoint
 							if(envelopeFormat == "document") {
 								// forming a nice chain here...
 								// FIXME: this isn't actually a nice chain!
+								bool[void delegate(Document)] run;
+
+								auto postProcessors = info.postProcessors;
 								if(base !is instantiation)
-									instantiation._postProcess(document);
-								base._postProcess(document);
+									postProcessors ~= &(instantiation._postProcess);
+								postProcessors ~= &(base._postProcess);
+								foreach(pp; postProcessors) {
+									if(pp in run)
+										continue;
+									run[pp] = true;
+									pp(document);
+								}
 							}
 
 							returned = document.toString;
@@ -2645,10 +2661,50 @@ immutable(string[]) weekdayNames = [
 ];
 
 
+// this might be temporary
+struct TemplateFilters {
+	string date(string replacement, string[], in Element, string) {
+		auto date = to!long(replacement);
+
+		import std.date;
+
+		auto day = dateFromTime(date);
+		auto year = yearFromTime(date);
+		auto month = monthNames[monthFromTime(date)];
+		replacement = format("%s %d, %d", month, day, year);
+
+		return replacement;
+	}
+
+	string uri(string replacement, string[], in Element, string) {
+		return std.uri.encodeComponent(replacement);
+	}
+
+	string js(string replacement, string[], in Element, string) {
+		return toJson(replacement);
+	}
+
+	static auto defaultThings() {
+		string delegate(string, string[], in Element, string)[string] pipeFunctions;
+		TemplateFilters filters;
+
+		if("date" !in pipeFunctions)
+			pipeFunctions["date"] = &filters.date;
+		if("uri" !in pipeFunctions)
+			pipeFunctions["uri"] = &filters.uri;
+		if("js" !in pipeFunctions)
+			pipeFunctions["js"] = &filters.js;
+		return pipeFunctions;
+	}
+}
 
 
+void applyTemplateToElement(
+	Element e,
+	in string[string] vars,
+	in string delegate(string, string[], in Element, string)[string] pipeFunctions = TemplateFilters.defaultThings())
+{
 
-void applyTemplateToElement(Element e, in string[string] vars, in string delegate(string, string[], in Element, string)[string] pipeFunctions = null) {
 	foreach(ele; e.tree) {
 		auto tc = cast(TextNode) ele;
 		if(tc !is null) {
@@ -2689,6 +2745,7 @@ string htmlTemplateWithData(in string text, in string[string] vars, in string de
 	size_t lastAppend = 0;
 
 	string name = null;
+	bool replacementPresent = false;
 	string replacement = null;
 	string currentPipe = null;
 
@@ -2702,26 +2759,19 @@ string htmlTemplateWithData(in string text, in string[string] vars, in string de
 			nameStart = i + 1;
 
 			auto it = name in vars;
-			if(it !is null)
+			if(it !is null) {
 				replacement = *it;
+				replacementPresent = true;
+			}
 		}
 
 		void pipeHandler() {
 			if(currentPipe is null || replacement is null)
 				return;
 
-			switch(currentPipe) {
-				case "date":
-					auto date = to!long(replacement);
-
-					import std.date;
-
-					auto day = dateFromTime(date);
-					auto year = yearFromTime(date);
-					auto month = monthNames[monthFromTime(date)];
-					replacement = format("%s %d, %d", month, day, year);
-				break;
-				default:
+			if(currentPipe in pipeFunctions) {
+				replacement = pipeFunctions[currentPipe](replacement, null, null, null); // FIXME context
+				// string, string[], in Element, string
 			}
 
 			currentPipe = null;
@@ -2733,6 +2783,7 @@ string htmlTemplateWithData(in string text, in string[string] vars, in string de
 				if(c == '{') {
 					replacementStart = i;
 					state++;
+					replacementPresent = false;
 				}
 			break;
 			case 1:
@@ -2760,7 +2811,7 @@ string htmlTemplateWithData(in string text, in string[string] vars, in string de
 					pipeHandler(); // anything that was there
 					stepHandler(); // might make a new pipe if the first...
 					pipeHandler(); // new names/pipes since this is the last go
-					if(name !is null && replacement !is null) {
+					if(name !is null && replacementPresent /*&& replacement !is null*/) {
 						newText ~= text[lastAppend .. replacementStart];
 						if(useHtml)
 							replacement = htmlEntitiesEncode(replacement).replace("\n", "<br />");
@@ -3267,6 +3318,7 @@ enum string javascriptBaseImpl = q{
 		xmlHttp.send(a);
 
 		if(!async && callback) {
+			xmlHttp.timeout = 500;
 			return callback(xmlHttp.responseText, xmlHttp.responseXML);
 		}
 		return xmlHttp;