update constants
This commit is contained in:
Basile Burg
parent
a9de09c4dc
commit
932adb3313
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@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ pragma(ident) // influence block of statements
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-----------------
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$(P The kind of pragma it is determined by the $(I Identifier).
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$(I ExpressionList) is a comma-separated list of
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$(GLINK2 expression, ArgumentList) is a comma-separated list of
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$(ASSIGNEXPRESSION)s. The $(ASSIGNEXPRESSION)s must be
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parsable as expressions, but what they mean semantically
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parsable as expressions, but their meaning
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is up to the individual pragma semantics.
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)
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@ -62,18 +62,19 @@ $(P All implementations must support these, even if by just ignoring them:)
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$(UL
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$(LI $(LINK2 #inline, pragma inline))
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$(LI $(LINK2 #lib, pragma lib))
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$(LI $(LINK2 #linkerDirective, pragma linkerDirective))
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$(LI $(LINK2 #mangle, pragma mangle))
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$(LI $(LINK2 #msg, pragma msg))
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$(LI $(LINK2 #startaddress, pragma startaddress))
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)
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$(DL
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$(IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED An implementation may ignore these pragmas.)
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$(DT $(LNAME2 inline, $(D inline)))
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$(DD $(P Affects whether functions are inlined or not. If at the declaration level, it
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$(H3 $(LNAME2 inline, $(D pragma inline)))
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$(P Affects whether functions are inlined or not. If at the declaration level, it
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affects the functions declared in the block it controls. If inside a function, it
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affects the function it is enclosed by. If there are multiple pragma inlines in a function,
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the lexically last one takes effect.)
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affects the function it is enclosed by.)
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$(P It takes three forms:)
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$(OL
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@ -81,8 +82,7 @@ $(UL
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---
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pragma(inline)
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---
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Sets the behavior to match the default behavior set by the compiler switch
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$(DDSUBLINK dmd, switch-inline, $(TT -inline)).
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Sets the behavior to match the implementation's default behavior.
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)
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$(LI
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---
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@ -94,12 +94,16 @@ pragma(inline, false)
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---
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pragma(inline, true)
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---
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If a function cannot be inlined with the $(DDSUBLINK dmd, switch-inline, $(TT -inline))
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switch, an error message is issued. This is expected to be improved in the future to causing
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functions to always be inlined regardless of compiler switch settings. Whether a compiler can
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inline a particular function or not is implementation defined.
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Always inline the functions.
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)
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)
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$(P There can be only zero or one $(I AssignExpression)s. If one is there, it must
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be `true`, `false`, or an integer value. An integer value is implicitly converted
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to a bool.)
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$(P If there are multiple pragma inlines in a function,
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the lexically last one takes effect.)
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---
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pragma(inline):
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int foo(int x) // foo() is never inlined
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@ -110,52 +114,96 @@ int foo(int x) // foo() is never inlined
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return x + 3;
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}
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---
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$(IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED
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$(OL
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$(LI The default inline behavior is typically selectable with a compiler switch
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such as $(DDSUBLINK dmd, switch-inline, $(TT -inline).))
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$(LI Whether a particular function can be inlined or not is implementation defined.)
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$(LI What happens for `pragma(inline, true)` if the function cannot be inlined.
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An error message is typical.)
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))
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$(H3 $(LNAME2 lib, $(D pragma lib)))
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$(P There must be one $(ASSIGNEXPRESSION) and it must evaluate at compile time to a string literal.
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)
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$(DT $(LNAME2 lib, $(D lib)))
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$(DD Inserts a directive in the object file to link in the library
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specified by the $(ASSIGNEXPRESSION).
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The $(ASSIGNEXPRESSION)s must be a string literal:
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-----------------
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pragma(lib, "foo.lib");
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-----------------
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$(IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED
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Typically, the string literal specifies the file name of a library file. This name
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is inserted into the generated object file, or otherwise is passed to the linker,
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so the linker automatically links in that library.
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)
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$(H3 $(LNAME2 linkerDirective, $(D pragma linkerDirective)))
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$(DT $(LNAME2 mangle, $(D mangle)))
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$(DD Overrides the default mangling for a symbol. It's only effective
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$(P There must be one $(ASSIGNEXPRESSION) and it must evaluate at compile time to a string literal.
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)
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-----------------
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pragma(linkerDirective, "/FAILIFMISMATCH:_ITERATOR_DEBUG_LEVEL=2");
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-----------------
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$(IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED
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$(P The string literal specifies a linker directive to be embedded in the generated object file.)
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$(P Linker directives are only supported for MS-COFF output.)
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)
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$(H3 $(LNAME2 mangle, $(D pragma mangle)))
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$(P Overrides the default mangling for a symbol.)
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$(P There must be one $(ASSIGNEXPRESSION) and it must evaluate at compile time to a string literal.
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)
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$(IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED On macOS and Win32, an extra underscore (`_`) is prepended to the string
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since 2.079, as is done by the C/C++ toolchain. This allows using the same `pragma(mangle)`
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for all compatible (POSIX in one case, win64 in another) platforms instead of having to special-case.
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)
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$(IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED It's only effective
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when the symbol is a function declaration or a variable declaration.
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For example this allows linking to a symbol which is a D keyword, which would normally
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be disallowed as a symbol name:
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)
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-----------------
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pragma(mangle, "body")
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extern(C) void body_func();
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-----------------
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)
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$(DT $(LNAME2 msg, $(D msg)))
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$(DD Constructs a message from the arguments and prints to the standard error stream while compiling:
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$(H3 $(LNAME2 msg, $(D pragma msg)))
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$(P Constructs a message from the $(I ArgumentList).)
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-----------------
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pragma(msg, "compiling...", 1, 1.0);
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-----------------
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)
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$(IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED The arguments are typically presented to the user during compilation,
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such as by printing them to the standard error stream.)
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$(DT $(LNAME2 startaddress, $(D startaddress)))
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$(DD Puts a directive into the object file saying that the
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function specified in the first argument will be the
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start address for the program:
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$(H3 $(LNAME2 startaddress, $(D pragma startaddress)))
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$(P There must be one $(ASSIGNEXPRESSION) and it must evaluate at compile time to a function symbol.)
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$(IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED The function symbol specifies the start address for the program.
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The symbol is inserted into the object file or is otherwise presented to the linker to
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set the start address.
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This is not normally used for application level programming,
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but is for specialized systems work.
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For applications code, the start address is taken care of
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by the runtime library.
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-----------------
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void foo() { ... }
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pragma(startaddress, foo);
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-----------------
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This is not normally used for application level programming,
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but is for specialized systems work.
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For applications code, the start address is taken care of
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by the runtime library.
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)
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)
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$(H2 $(LNAME2 vendor_specific_pragmas, Vendor Specific Pragmas))
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@ -165,22 +213,28 @@ $(H2 $(LNAME2 vendor_specific_pragmas, Vendor Specific Pragmas))
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to version identifiers:
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)
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-----------------
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pragma(DigitalMars_funky_extension) { ... }
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-----------------
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---
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pragma(DigitalMars_extension) { ... }
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---
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$(P Compilers must diagnose an error for unrecognized $(I Pragma)s,
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even if they are vendor specific ones. This implies that vendor
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specific pragmas should be wrapped in version statements:
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)
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$(P Implementations must diagnose an error for unrecognized $(I Pragma)s,
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even if they are vendor specific ones.
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)
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-----------------
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version (DigitalMars)
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{
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pragma(DigitalMars_funky_extension)
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{ ... }
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}
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-----------------
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$(IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED Vendor specific pragmas.)
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$(BEST_PRACTICE vendor
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specific pragmas should be wrapped in version statements
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---
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version (DigitalMars)
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{
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pragma(DigitalMars_extension)
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{ ... }
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}
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---
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)
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$(SPEC_SUBNAV_PREV_NEXT attribute, Attributes, expression, Expressions)
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)
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@ -18,52 +18,54 @@ $(GNAME TraitsExpression):
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$(D __traits) $(D $(LPAREN)) $(GLINK TraitsKeyword) $(D ,) $(GLINK TraitsArguments) $(D $(RPAREN))
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$(GNAME TraitsKeyword):
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$(GBLINK isAbstractClass)
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$(GBLINK isArithmetic)
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$(GBLINK isAssociativeArray)
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$(GBLINK isFinalClass)
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$(GBLINK isPOD)
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$(GBLINK isNested)
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$(GBLINK isFuture)
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$(GBLINK isDeprecated)
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$(GBLINK isFloating)
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$(GBLINK isIntegral)
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$(GBLINK isScalar)
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$(GBLINK isStaticArray)
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$(GBLINK isUnsigned)
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$(GBLINK isDisabled)
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$(GBLINK isVirtualFunction)
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$(GBLINK isVirtualMethod)
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$(GBLINK isAbstractFunction)
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$(GBLINK isFinalFunction)
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$(GBLINK isStaticFunction)
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$(GBLINK isOverrideFunction)
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$(GBLINK isTemplate)
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$(GBLINK isRef)
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$(GBLINK isOut)
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$(GBLINK isLazy)
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$(GBLINK hasMember)
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$(GBLINK identifier)
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$(GBLINK getAliasThis)
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$(GBLINK getAttributes)
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$(GBLINK getFunctionAttributes)
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$(GBLINK getFunctionVariadicStyle)
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$(GBLINK getLinkage)
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$(GBLINK getMember)
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$(GBLINK getOverloads)
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$(GBLINK getParameterStorageClasses)
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$(GBLINK getPointerBitmap)
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$(GBLINK getProtection)
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$(GBLINK getVirtualFunctions)
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$(GBLINK getVirtualMethods)
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$(GBLINK getUnitTests)
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$(GBLINK parent)
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$(GBLINK classInstanceSize)
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$(GBLINK getVirtualIndex)
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$(GBLINK allMembers)
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$(GBLINK derivedMembers)
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$(GBLINK isSame)
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$(GBLINK compiles)
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$(GLINK isAbstractClass)
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$(GLINK isArithmetic)
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$(GLINK isAssociativeArray)
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$(GLINK isFinalClass)
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$(GLINK isPOD)
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$(GLINK isNested)
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$(GLINK isFuture)
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$(GLINK isDeprecated)
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$(GLINK isFloating)
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$(GLINK isIntegral)
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$(GLINK isScalar)
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$(GLINK isStaticArray)
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$(GLINK isUnsigned)
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$(GLINK isDisabled)
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$(GLINK isVirtualFunction)
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$(GLINK isVirtualMethod)
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$(GLINK isAbstractFunction)
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$(GLINK isFinalFunction)
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$(GLINK isStaticFunction)
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$(GLINK isOverrideFunction)
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$(GLINK isTemplate)
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$(GLINK isRef)
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$(GLINK isOut)
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$(GLINK isLazy)
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$(GLINK isReturnOnStack)
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$(GLINK isZeroInit)
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$(GLINK hasMember)
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$(GLINK identifier)
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$(GLINK getAliasThis)
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$(GLINK getAttributes)
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$(GLINK getFunctionAttributes)
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$(GLINK getFunctionVariadicStyle)
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$(GLINK getLinkage)
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$(GLINK getMember)
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$(GLINK getOverloads)
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$(GLINK getParameterStorageClasses)
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$(GLINK getPointerBitmap)
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$(GLINK getProtection)
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$(GLINK getVirtualFunctions)
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$(GLINK getVirtualMethods)
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$(GLINK getUnitTests)
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$(GLINK parent)
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$(GLINK classInstanceSize)
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$(GLINK getVirtualIndex)
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$(GLINK allMembers)
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$(GLINK derivedMembers)
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$(GLINK isSame)
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$(GLINK compiles)
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$(GNAME TraitsArguments):
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$(GLINK TraitsArgument)
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@ -74,18 +76,6 @@ $(GNAME TraitsArgument):
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$(GLINK2 declaration, Type)
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)
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$(P Additionally special keywords are provided for debugging purposes:)
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$(GRAMMAR
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$(GNAME SpecialKeyword):
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$(D $(RELATIVE_LINK2 specialkeywords, __FILE__))
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$(D $(RELATIVE_LINK2 specialkeywords, __FILE_FULL_PATH__))
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$(D $(RELATIVE_LINK2 specialkeywords, __MODULE__))
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$(D $(RELATIVE_LINK2 specialkeywords, __LINE__))
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$(D $(RELATIVE_LINK2 specialkeywords, __FUNCTION__))
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$(D $(RELATIVE_LINK2 specialkeywords, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__))
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)
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$(H2 $(GNAME isArithmetic))
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$(P If the arguments are all either types that are arithmetic types,
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@ -411,6 +401,68 @@ static assert(!__traits(isTemplate,foo!int()));
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static assert(!__traits(isTemplate,"string"));
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---
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$(H2 $(GNAME isZeroInit))
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$(P Takes one argument which must be a type. If the type's
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$(DDSUBLINK spec/property, init, default initializer) is all zero
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bits then `true` is returned, otherwise `false`.)
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$(SPEC_RUNNABLE_EXAMPLE_COMPILE
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---
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struct S1 { int x; }
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struct S2 { int x = -1; }
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static assert(__traits(isZeroInit, S1));
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static assert(!__traits(isZeroInit, S2));
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void test()
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{
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int x = 3;
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static assert(__traits(isZeroInit, typeof(x)));
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}
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// `isZeroInit` will always return true for a class C
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// because `C.init` is null reference.
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class C { int x = -1; }
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static assert(__traits(isZeroInit, C));
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---
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)
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$(H2 $(GNAME isReturnOnStack))
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$(P
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Takes one argument which must either be a function symbol, function literal,
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a delegate, or a function pointer.
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It returns a `bool` which is `true` if the return value of the function is
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returned on the stack via a pointer to it passed as a hidden extra
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parameter to the function.
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)
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---
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struct S { int[20] a; }
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int test1();
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S test2();
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static assert(__traits(isReturnOnStack, test1) == false);
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static assert(__traits(isReturnOnStack, test2) == true);
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---
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$(IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED
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This is determined by the function ABI calling convention in use,
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which is often complex.
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)
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$(BEST_PRACTICE This has applications in:
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$(OL
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$(LI Returning values in registers is often faster, so this can be used as
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a check on a hot function to ensure it is using the fastest method.)
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$(LI When using inline assembly to correctly call a function.)
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$(LI Testing that the compiler does this correctly is normally hackish and awkward,
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this enables efficient, direct, and simple testing.)
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))
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$(H2 $(GNAME hasMember))
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$(P The first argument is a type that has members, or
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@ -426,6 +478,8 @@ import std.stdio;
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struct S
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{
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int m;
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import std.stdio; // imports write
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}
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void main()
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@ -435,6 +489,7 @@ void main()
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writeln(__traits(hasMember, S, "m")); // true
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writeln(__traits(hasMember, s, "m")); // true
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writeln(__traits(hasMember, S, "y")); // false
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writeln(__traits(hasMember, S, "write")); // true
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writeln(__traits(hasMember, int, "sizeof")); // true
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}
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---
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@ -578,8 +633,8 @@ pragma(msg, __traits(getFunctionAttributes, (int x) @trusted { return x * 2; }))
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$(H2 $(GNAME getLinkage))
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$(P Takes one argument, which is a declaration symbol, or the type of a function,
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delegate, or pointer to function.
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$(P Takes one argument, which is a declaration symbol, or the type of a function, delegate,
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pointer to function, struct, class, or interface.
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Returns a string representing the $(LINK2 attribute.html#LinkageAttribute, LinkageAttribute)
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of the declaration.
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The string is one of:
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@ -601,6 +656,14 @@ alias aliasc = fooc;
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static assert(__traits(getLinkage, fooc) == "C");
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static assert(__traits(getLinkage, aliasc) == "C");
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extern (C++) struct FooCPPStruct {}
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extern (C++) class FooCPPClass {}
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extern (C++) interface FooCPPInterface {}
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static assert(__traits(getLinkage, FooCPPStruct) == "C++");
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static assert(__traits(getLinkage, FooCPPClass) == "C++");
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static assert(__traits(getLinkage, FooCPPInterface) == "C++");
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---
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$(H2 $(GNAME getMember))
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@ -635,9 +698,11 @@ void main()
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$(H2 $(GNAME getOverloads))
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$(P The first argument is an aggregate (e.g. struct/class/module).
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The second argument is a string that matches the name of
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one of the functions in that aggregate.
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The result is a tuple of all the overloads of that function.
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The second argument is a `string` that matches the name of
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the member(s) to return.
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The third argument is a `bool`, and is optional. If `true`, the
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result will also include template overloads.
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The result is a tuple of all the overloads of the supplied name.
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)
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---
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@ -649,6 +714,8 @@ class D
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~this() { }
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void foo() { }
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int foo(int) { return 2; }
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void bar(T)() { return T.init; }
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class bar(int n) {}
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}
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|
||||
void main()
|
||||
|
|
@ -664,6 +731,9 @@ void main()
|
|||
|
||||
auto i = __traits(getOverloads, d, "foo")[1](1);
|
||||
writeln(i);
|
||||
|
||||
foreach (t; __traits(getOverloads, D, "bar", true))
|
||||
writeln(t.stringof);
|
||||
}
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -675,6 +745,8 @@ int()
|
|||
void()
|
||||
int()
|
||||
2
|
||||
bar(T)()
|
||||
bar(int n)
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
$(H2 $(GNAME getParameterStorageClasses))
|
||||
|
|
@ -705,7 +777,7 @@ $(H2 $(GNAME getPointerBitmap))
|
|||
The result is an array of $(D size_t) describing the memory used by an instance of the given type.
|
||||
)
|
||||
$(P The first element of the array is the size of the type (for classes it is
|
||||
the $(GBLINK classInstanceSize)).)
|
||||
the $(GLINK classInstanceSize)).)
|
||||
$(P The following elements describe the locations of GC managed pointers within the
|
||||
memory occupied by an instance of the type.
|
||||
For type T, there are $(D T.sizeof / size_t.sizeof) possible pointers represented
|
||||
|
|
@ -1020,6 +1092,76 @@ void main()
|
|||
$(P If the two arguments are expressions made up of literals
|
||||
or enums that evaluate to the same value, true is returned.)
|
||||
|
||||
$(P If the two arguments are both lambda functions (or aliases
|
||||
to lambda functions), then they are compared for equality. For
|
||||
the comparison to be computed correctly, the following conditions
|
||||
must be met for both lambda functions:)
|
||||
|
||||
$(OL
|
||||
$(LI The lambda function arguments must not have a template
|
||||
instantiation as an explicit argument type. Any other argument
|
||||
types (basic, user-defined, template) are supported.)
|
||||
$(LI The lambda function body must contain a single expression
|
||||
(no return statement) which contains only numeric values,
|
||||
manifest constants, enum values, function arguments and function
|
||||
calls. If the expression contains local variables or return
|
||||
statements, the function is considered incomparable.)
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
$(P If these constraints aren't fulfilled, the function is considered
|
||||
incomparable and `isSame` returns $(D false).)
|
||||
|
||||
$(SPEC_RUNNABLE_EXAMPLE_COMPILE
|
||||
---
|
||||
int f() { return 2; }
|
||||
void test(alias pred)()
|
||||
{
|
||||
// f() from main is a different function from top-level f()
|
||||
static assert(!__traits(isSame, (int a) => a + f(), pred));
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void main()
|
||||
{
|
||||
static assert(__traits(isSame, (a, b) => a + b, (c, d) => c + d));
|
||||
static assert(__traits(isSame, a => ++a, b => ++b));
|
||||
static assert(!__traits(isSame, (int a, int b) => a + b, (a, b) => a + b));
|
||||
static assert(__traits(isSame, (a, b) => a + b + 10, (c, d) => c + d + 10));
|
||||
|
||||
// lambdas accessing local variables are considered incomparable
|
||||
int b;
|
||||
static assert(!__traits(isSame, a => a + b, a => a + b));
|
||||
|
||||
// lambdas calling other functions are comparable
|
||||
int f() { return 3;}
|
||||
static assert(__traits(isSame, a => a + f(), a => a + f()));
|
||||
test!((int a) => a + f())();
|
||||
|
||||
class A
|
||||
{
|
||||
int a;
|
||||
this(int a)
|
||||
{
|
||||
this.a = a;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
class B
|
||||
{
|
||||
int a;
|
||||
this(int a)
|
||||
{
|
||||
this.a = a;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
static assert(__traits(isSame, (A a) => ++a.a, (A b) => ++b.a));
|
||||
// lambdas with different data types are considered incomparable,
|
||||
// even if the memory layout is the same
|
||||
static assert(!__traits(isSame, (A a) => ++a.a, (B a) => ++a.a));
|
||||
}
|
||||
---
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
$(H2 $(GNAME compiles))
|
||||
|
||||
$(P Returns a bool $(D true) if all of the arguments
|
||||
|
|
@ -1068,55 +1210,6 @@ void main()
|
|||
)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
$(H2 $(LNAME2 specialkeywords, Special Keywords))
|
||||
|
||||
$(P $(CODE __FILE__) and $(CODE __LINE__) expand to the source
|
||||
file name and line number at the point of instantiation. The path of
|
||||
the source file is left up to the compiler. )
|
||||
|
||||
$(P $(CODE __FILE_FULL_PATH__) expands to the absolute source
|
||||
file name at the point of instantiation.)
|
||||
|
||||
$(P $(CODE __MODULE__) expands to the module name at the point of
|
||||
instantiation.)
|
||||
|
||||
$(P $(CODE __FUNCTION__) expands to the fully qualified name of the
|
||||
function at the point of instantiation.)
|
||||
|
||||
$(P $(CODE __PRETTY_FUNCTION__) is similar to $(CODE __FUNCTION__),
|
||||
but also expands the function return type, its parameter types,
|
||||
and its attributes.)
|
||||
|
||||
$(P Example usage:)
|
||||
|
||||
-----
|
||||
module test;
|
||||
import std.stdio;
|
||||
|
||||
void test(string file = __FILE__, size_t line = __LINE__,
|
||||
string mod = __MODULE__, string func = __FUNCTION__,
|
||||
string pretty = __PRETTY_FUNCTION__,
|
||||
string fileFullPath = __FILE_FULL_PATH__)
|
||||
{
|
||||
writefln("file: '%s', line: '%s', module: '%s',\nfunction: '%s', " ~
|
||||
"pretty function: '%s',\nfile full path: '%s'",
|
||||
file, line, mod, func, pretty, fileFullPath);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
int main(string[] args)
|
||||
{
|
||||
test();
|
||||
return 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
-----
|
||||
|
||||
$(P Assuming the file was at /example/test.d, this will output:)
|
||||
|
||||
$(CONSOLE
|
||||
file: 'test.d', line: '13', module: 'test',
|
||||
function: 'test.main', pretty function: 'int test.main(string[] args)',
|
||||
file full path: '/example/test.d'
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
$(SPEC_SUBNAV_PREV_NEXT version, Conditional Compilation, errors, Error Handling)
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
|
@ -1124,4 +1217,3 @@ $(SPEC_SUBNAV_PREV_NEXT version, Conditional Compilation, errors, Error Handling
|
|||
Macros:
|
||||
CHAPTER=25
|
||||
TITLE=Traits
|
||||
GBLINK=$(RELATIVE_LINK2 $0, $(D $0))
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -13,101 +13,6 @@ import dcd.common.constants : ConstantCompletion;
|
|||
*/
|
||||
immutable ConstantCompletion[] pragmas = [
|
||||
// generated from pragma.dd
|
||||
ConstantCompletion("inline", `$(P Affects whether functions are inlined or not. If at the declaration level, it
|
||||
affects the functions declared in the block it controls. If inside a function, it
|
||||
affects the function it is enclosed by. If there are multiple pragma inlines in a function,
|
||||
the lexically last one takes effect.)
|
||||
|
||||
$(P It takes three forms:)
|
||||
$(OL
|
||||
$(LI
|
||||
---
|
||||
pragma(inline)
|
||||
---
|
||||
Sets the behavior to match the default behavior set by the compiler switch
|
||||
$(DDSUBLINK dmd, switch-inline, $(TT -inline)).
|
||||
)
|
||||
$(LI
|
||||
---
|
||||
pragma(inline, false)
|
||||
---
|
||||
Functions are never inlined.
|
||||
)
|
||||
$(LI
|
||||
---
|
||||
pragma(inline, true)
|
||||
---
|
||||
If a function cannot be inlined with the $(DDSUBLINK dmd, switch-inline, $(TT -inline))
|
||||
switch, an error message is issued. This is expected to be improved in the future to causing
|
||||
functions to always be inlined regardless of compiler switch settings. Whether a compiler can
|
||||
inline a particular function or not is implementation defined.
|
||||
)
|
||||
)
|
||||
---
|
||||
pragma(inline):
|
||||
int foo(int x) // foo() is never inlined
|
||||
{
|
||||
pragma(inline, true);
|
||||
++x;
|
||||
pragma(inline, false); // supercedes the others
|
||||
return x + 3;
|
||||
}
|
||||
---`),
|
||||
ConstantCompletion("lib", `Inserts a directive in the object file to link in the library
|
||||
specified by the $(ASSIGNEXPRESSION).
|
||||
The $(ASSIGNEXPRESSION)s must be a string literal:
|
||||
-----------------
|
||||
pragma(lib, "foo.lib");
|
||||
-----------------`),
|
||||
ConstantCompletion("mangle", `Overrides the default mangling for a symbol. It's only effective
|
||||
when the symbol is a function declaration or a variable declaration.
|
||||
For example this allows linking to a symbol which is a D keyword, which would normally
|
||||
be disallowed as a symbol name:
|
||||
-----------------
|
||||
pragma(mangle, "body")
|
||||
extern(C) void body_func();
|
||||
-----------------`),
|
||||
ConstantCompletion("msg", `Constructs a message from the arguments and prints to the standard error stream while compiling:
|
||||
-----------------
|
||||
pragma(msg, "compiling...", 1, 1.0);
|
||||
-----------------`),
|
||||
ConstantCompletion("startaddress", `Puts a directive into the object file saying that the
|
||||
function specified in the first argument will be the
|
||||
start address for the program:
|
||||
-----------------
|
||||
void foo() { ... }
|
||||
pragma(startaddress, foo);
|
||||
-----------------
|
||||
This is not normally used for application level programming,
|
||||
but is for specialized systems work.
|
||||
For applications code, the start address is taken care of
|
||||
by the runtime library.
|
||||
)
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
$(H2 $(LNAME2 vendor_specific_pragmas, Vendor Specific Pragmas))
|
||||
|
||||
$(P Vendor specific pragma $(I Identifier)s can be defined if they
|
||||
are prefixed by the vendor's trademarked name, in a similar manner
|
||||
to version identifiers:
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
-----------------
|
||||
pragma(DigitalMars_funky_extension) { ... }
|
||||
-----------------
|
||||
|
||||
$(P Compilers must diagnose an error for unrecognized $(I Pragma)s,
|
||||
even if they are vendor specific ones. This implies that vendor
|
||||
specific pragmas should be wrapped in version statements:
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
-----------------
|
||||
version (DigitalMars)
|
||||
{
|
||||
pragma(DigitalMars_funky_extension)
|
||||
{ ... }
|
||||
}
|
||||
-----------------`),
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
|
|
@ -197,57 +102,6 @@ $(LI Giving better error messages inside generic code than
|
|||
the sometimes hard to follow compiler ones.)
|
||||
$(LI Doing a finer grained specialization than template
|
||||
partial specialization allows for.)
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
$(H2 $(LNAME2 specialkeywords, Special Keywords))
|
||||
|
||||
$(P $(CODE __FILE__) and $(CODE __LINE__) expand to the source
|
||||
file name and line number at the point of instantiation. The path of
|
||||
the source file is left up to the compiler. )
|
||||
|
||||
$(P $(CODE __FILE_FULL_PATH__) expands to the absolute source
|
||||
file name at the point of instantiation.)
|
||||
|
||||
$(P $(CODE __MODULE__) expands to the module name at the point of
|
||||
instantiation.)
|
||||
|
||||
$(P $(CODE __FUNCTION__) expands to the fully qualified name of the
|
||||
function at the point of instantiation.)
|
||||
|
||||
$(P $(CODE __PRETTY_FUNCTION__) is similar to $(CODE __FUNCTION__),
|
||||
but also expands the function return type, its parameter types,
|
||||
and its attributes.)
|
||||
|
||||
$(P Example usage:)
|
||||
|
||||
-----
|
||||
module test;
|
||||
import std.stdio;
|
||||
|
||||
void test(string file = __FILE__, size_t line = __LINE__,
|
||||
string mod = __MODULE__, string func = __FUNCTION__,
|
||||
string pretty = __PRETTY_FUNCTION__,
|
||||
string fileFullPath = __FILE_FULL_PATH__)
|
||||
{
|
||||
writefln("file: '%s', line: '%s', module: '%s',\nfunction: '%s', " ~
|
||||
"pretty function: '%s',\nfile full path: '%s'",
|
||||
file, line, mod, func, pretty, fileFullPath);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
int main(string[] args)
|
||||
{
|
||||
test();
|
||||
return 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
-----
|
||||
|
||||
$(P Assuming the file was at /example/test.d, this will output:)
|
||||
|
||||
$(CONSOLE
|
||||
file: 'test.d', line: '13', module: 'test',
|
||||
function: 'test.main', pretty function: 'int test.main(string[] args)',
|
||||
file full path: '/example/test.d'
|
||||
)`),
|
||||
ConstantCompletion("derivedMembers", `$(P Takes a single argument, which must evaluate to either
|
||||
a type or an expression of type.
|
||||
|
|
@ -391,8 +245,8 @@ static assert(__traits(getFunctionVariadicStyle, (int[] a...) {}) == "typesafe")
|
|||
static assert(__traits(getFunctionVariadicStyle, typeof(cstyle)) == "stdarg");
|
||||
---
|
||||
)`),
|
||||
ConstantCompletion("getLinkage", `$(P Takes one argument, which is a declaration symbol, or the type of a function,
|
||||
delegate, or pointer to function.
|
||||
ConstantCompletion("getLinkage", `$(P Takes one argument, which is a declaration symbol, or the type of a function, delegate,
|
||||
pointer to function, struct, class, or interface.
|
||||
Returns a string representing the $(LINK2 attribute.html#LinkageAttribute, LinkageAttribute)
|
||||
of the declaration.
|
||||
The string is one of:
|
||||
|
|
@ -414,6 +268,14 @@ alias aliasc = fooc;
|
|||
|
||||
static assert(__traits(getLinkage, fooc) == "C");
|
||||
static assert(__traits(getLinkage, aliasc) == "C");
|
||||
|
||||
extern (C++) struct FooCPPStruct {}
|
||||
extern (C++) class FooCPPClass {}
|
||||
extern (C++) interface FooCPPInterface {}
|
||||
|
||||
static assert(__traits(getLinkage, FooCPPStruct) == "C++");
|
||||
static assert(__traits(getLinkage, FooCPPClass) == "C++");
|
||||
static assert(__traits(getLinkage, FooCPPInterface) == "C++");
|
||||
---`),
|
||||
ConstantCompletion("getMember", `$(P Takes two arguments, the second must be a string.
|
||||
The result is an expression formed from the first
|
||||
|
|
@ -442,9 +304,11 @@ void main()
|
|||
}
|
||||
---`),
|
||||
ConstantCompletion("getOverloads", `$(P The first argument is an aggregate (e.g. struct/class/module).
|
||||
The second argument is a string that matches the name of
|
||||
one of the functions in that aggregate.
|
||||
The result is a tuple of all the overloads of that function.
|
||||
The second argument is a ` ~ "`" ~ `string` ~ "`" ~ ` that matches the name of
|
||||
the member(s) to return.
|
||||
The third argument is a ` ~ "`" ~ `bool` ~ "`" ~ `, and is optional. If ` ~ "`" ~ `true` ~ "`" ~ `, the
|
||||
result will also include template overloads.
|
||||
The result is a tuple of all the overloads of the supplied name.
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
|
@ -456,6 +320,8 @@ class D
|
|||
~this() { }
|
||||
void foo() { }
|
||||
int foo(int) { return 2; }
|
||||
void bar(T)() { return T.init; }
|
||||
class bar(int n) {}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void main()
|
||||
|
|
@ -471,6 +337,9 @@ void main()
|
|||
|
||||
auto i = __traits(getOverloads, d, "foo")[1](1);
|
||||
writeln(i);
|
||||
|
||||
foreach (t; __traits(getOverloads, D, "bar", true))
|
||||
writeln(t.stringof);
|
||||
}
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -482,6 +351,8 @@ int()
|
|||
void()
|
||||
int()
|
||||
2
|
||||
bar(T)()
|
||||
bar(int n)
|
||||
)`),
|
||||
ConstantCompletion("getParameterStorageClasses", `$(P
|
||||
Takes two arguments.
|
||||
|
|
@ -506,7 +377,7 @@ static assert(__traits(getParameterStorageClasses, typeof(&foo), 3)[0] == "lazy"
|
|||
The result is an array of $(D size_t) describing the memory used by an instance of the given type.
|
||||
)
|
||||
$(P The first element of the array is the size of the type (for classes it is
|
||||
the $(GBLINK classInstanceSize)).)
|
||||
the $(GLINK classInstanceSize)).)
|
||||
$(P The following elements describe the locations of GC managed pointers within the
|
||||
memory occupied by an instance of the type.
|
||||
For type T, there are $(D T.sizeof / size_t.sizeof) possible pointers represented
|
||||
|
|
@ -706,6 +577,8 @@ import std.stdio;
|
|||
struct S
|
||||
{
|
||||
int m;
|
||||
|
||||
import std.stdio; // imports write
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void main()
|
||||
|
|
@ -715,6 +588,7 @@ void main()
|
|||
writeln(__traits(hasMember, S, "m")); // true
|
||||
writeln(__traits(hasMember, s, "m")); // true
|
||||
writeln(__traits(hasMember, S, "y")); // false
|
||||
writeln(__traits(hasMember, S, "write")); // true
|
||||
writeln(__traits(hasMember, int, "sizeof")); // true
|
||||
}
|
||||
---`),
|
||||
|
|
@ -995,6 +869,36 @@ void foolazy(lazy int x)
|
|||
static assert(__traits(isLazy, x));
|
||||
}
|
||||
---`),
|
||||
ConstantCompletion("isReturnOnStack", `$(P
|
||||
Takes one argument which must either be a function symbol, function literal,
|
||||
a delegate, or a function pointer.
|
||||
It returns a ` ~ "`" ~ `bool` ~ "`" ~ ` which is ` ~ "`" ~ `true` ~ "`" ~ ` if the return value of the function is
|
||||
returned on the stack via a pointer to it passed as a hidden extra
|
||||
parameter to the function.
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
struct S { int[20] a; }
|
||||
int test1();
|
||||
S test2();
|
||||
|
||||
static assert(__traits(isReturnOnStack, test1) == false);
|
||||
static assert(__traits(isReturnOnStack, test2) == true);
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
$(IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED
|
||||
This is determined by the function ABI calling convention in use,
|
||||
which is often complex.
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
$(BEST_PRACTICE This has applications in:
|
||||
$(OL
|
||||
$(LI Returning values in registers is often faster, so this can be used as
|
||||
a check on a hot function to ensure it is using the fastest method.)
|
||||
$(LI When using inline assembly to correctly call a function.)
|
||||
$(LI Testing that the compiler does this correctly is normally hackish and awkward,
|
||||
this enables efficient, direct, and simple testing.)
|
||||
))`),
|
||||
ConstantCompletion("isSame", `$(P Takes two arguments and returns bool $(D true) if they
|
||||
are the same symbol, $(D false) if not.)
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1018,7 +922,77 @@ void main()
|
|||
---
|
||||
|
||||
$(P If the two arguments are expressions made up of literals
|
||||
or enums that evaluate to the same value, true is returned.)`),
|
||||
or enums that evaluate to the same value, true is returned.)
|
||||
|
||||
$(P If the two arguments are both lambda functions (or aliases
|
||||
to lambda functions), then they are compared for equality. For
|
||||
the comparison to be computed correctly, the following conditions
|
||||
must be met for both lambda functions:)
|
||||
|
||||
$(OL
|
||||
$(LI The lambda function arguments must not have a template
|
||||
instantiation as an explicit argument type. Any other argument
|
||||
types (basic, user-defined, template) are supported.)
|
||||
$(LI The lambda function body must contain a single expression
|
||||
(no return statement) which contains only numeric values,
|
||||
manifest constants, enum values, function arguments and function
|
||||
calls. If the expression contains local variables or return
|
||||
statements, the function is considered incomparable.)
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
$(P If these constraints aren't fulfilled, the function is considered
|
||||
incomparable and ` ~ "`" ~ `isSame` ~ "`" ~ ` returns $(D false).)
|
||||
|
||||
$(SPEC_RUNNABLE_EXAMPLE_COMPILE
|
||||
---
|
||||
int f() { return 2; }
|
||||
void test(alias pred)()
|
||||
{
|
||||
// f() from main is a different function from top-level f()
|
||||
static assert(!__traits(isSame, (int a) => a + f(), pred));
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void main()
|
||||
{
|
||||
static assert(__traits(isSame, (a, b) => a + b, (c, d) => c + d));
|
||||
static assert(__traits(isSame, a => ++a, b => ++b));
|
||||
static assert(!__traits(isSame, (int a, int b) => a + b, (a, b) => a + b));
|
||||
static assert(__traits(isSame, (a, b) => a + b + 10, (c, d) => c + d + 10));
|
||||
|
||||
// lambdas accessing local variables are considered incomparable
|
||||
int b;
|
||||
static assert(!__traits(isSame, a => a + b, a => a + b));
|
||||
|
||||
// lambdas calling other functions are comparable
|
||||
int f() { return 3;}
|
||||
static assert(__traits(isSame, a => a + f(), a => a + f()));
|
||||
test!((int a) => a + f())();
|
||||
|
||||
class A
|
||||
{
|
||||
int a;
|
||||
this(int a)
|
||||
{
|
||||
this.a = a;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
class B
|
||||
{
|
||||
int a;
|
||||
this(int a)
|
||||
{
|
||||
this.a = a;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
static assert(__traits(isSame, (A a) => ++a.a, (A b) => ++b.a));
|
||||
// lambdas with different data types are considered incomparable,
|
||||
// even if the memory layout is the same
|
||||
static assert(!__traits(isSame, (A a) => ++a.a, (B a) => ++a.a));
|
||||
}
|
||||
---
|
||||
)`),
|
||||
ConstantCompletion("isScalar", `$(P Works like $(D isArithmetic), except it's for scalar
|
||||
types.)`),
|
||||
ConstantCompletion("isStaticArray", `$(P Works like $(D isArithmetic), except it's for static array
|
||||
|
|
@ -1066,6 +1040,32 @@ void main()
|
|||
writeln(__traits(isVirtualMethod, S.bar)); // false
|
||||
}
|
||||
---`),
|
||||
ConstantCompletion("isZeroInit", `$(P Takes one argument which must be a type. If the type's
|
||||
$(DDSUBLINK spec/property, init, default initializer) is all zero
|
||||
bits then ` ~ "`" ~ `true` ~ "`" ~ ` is returned, otherwise ` ~ "`" ~ `false` ~ "`" ~ `.)
|
||||
|
||||
$(SPEC_RUNNABLE_EXAMPLE_COMPILE
|
||||
---
|
||||
struct S1 { int x; }
|
||||
struct S2 { int x = -1; }
|
||||
|
||||
static assert(__traits(isZeroInit, S1));
|
||||
static assert(!__traits(isZeroInit, S2));
|
||||
|
||||
void test()
|
||||
{
|
||||
int x = 3;
|
||||
static assert(__traits(isZeroInit, typeof(x)));
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ` ~ "`" ~ `isZeroInit` ~ "`" ~ ` will always return true for a class C
|
||||
// because ` ~ "`" ~ `C.init` ~ "`" ~ ` is null reference.
|
||||
|
||||
class C { int x = -1; }
|
||||
|
||||
static assert(__traits(isZeroInit, C));
|
||||
---
|
||||
)`),
|
||||
ConstantCompletion("parent", `$(P Takes a single argument which must evaluate to a symbol.
|
||||
The result is the symbol that is the parent of it.
|
||||
)`),
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ isOut k
|
|||
isOverrideFunction k
|
||||
isPOD k
|
||||
isRef k
|
||||
isReturnOnStack k
|
||||
isSame k
|
||||
isScalar k
|
||||
isStaticArray k
|
||||
|
|
@ -44,4 +45,5 @@ isTemplate k
|
|||
isUnsigned k
|
||||
isVirtualFunction k
|
||||
isVirtualMethod k
|
||||
isZeroInit k
|
||||
parent k
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue