From 065ae6e93a8a79498f98bd858c5ae4ee5793942d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Hackerpilot Date: Fri, 19 Apr 2013 21:29:17 -0700 Subject: [PATCH] ANTLR grammar file --- D.g4 | 1078 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 1078 insertions(+) create mode 100644 D.g4 diff --git a/D.g4 b/D.g4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..65a6e87 --- /dev/null +++ b/D.g4 @@ -0,0 +1,1078 @@ +grammar D; + +Whitespace : [\u0020\u0009\u000b\u000c\u000a\u000d]+ -> skip; +fragment EndOfLine : '\u000d' | '\u000a' | '\u000d' '\u000a' | '\u2028' | '\u2029'; + +fragment Character: [a-zA-Z0-9~!@#$%\^\&\(\)\{\}\[\]\-\?\=\+\_\/\;\:]; +fragment WysiwygCharacter: Character | Whitespace; +fragment HexDigit: [a-fA-F0-9]; +fragment OctalDigit: [0-7]; +fragment BinDigit: [01]; +fragment DecimalDigit: [0-9]; + +fragment BlockComment: '/*' (Character | Whitespace)* '*/'; +fragment LineComment: '//' (~[\r\n])* EndOfLine; +fragment NestingBlockComment: '/+' (NestingBlockComment | Character*) '+/'; +Comment : (BlockComment | LineComment | NestingBlockComment) -> skip; + +Identifier : ([a-zA-Z_])([a-zA-Z0-9_])*; + +fragment WysiwygString : 'r"' '"' StringPostfix?; +fragment AlternativeWysiwygString : '`' WysiwygCharacter* '`' StringPostfix?; +fragment EscapeSequence : '\\\'' + | '\\"' + | '\\\\' + | '\\0' + | '\\a' + | '\\b' + | '\\f' + | '\\n' + | '\\r' + | '\\t' + | '\\v' + | '\\x' HexDigit HexDigit + | '\\' OctalDigit OctalDigit + | '\\' OctalDigit OctalDigit OctalDigit + | '\\u' HexDigit HexDigit HexDigit HexDigit + | '\\U' HexDigit HexDigit HexDigit HexDigit HexDigit HexDigit HexDigit HexDigit + | '\\&' Character+ ';'; +fragment HexStringChar : [0-9a-fA-F] | Whitespace | EndOfLine; +fragment StringPostfix : [dwc]; +fragment DoubleQuotedCharacter : Character | EscapeSequence | EndOfLine; +fragment DoubleQuotedString : '"' DoubleQuotedCharacter* '"' StringPostfix?; +fragment HexString: 'x"' HexStringChar* '"' StringPostfix?; +// fragment DelimitedString: 'q"' Delimiter WysiwygCharacter+ MatchingDelimiter '"'; +// fragment TokenString: 'q{' Token* '}'; +StringLiteral : WysiwygString | AlternativeWysiwygString | DoubleQuotedString | HexString /*| DelimitedString | TokenString*/; + +CharacterLiteral: '\'' (Character | EscapeSequence) '\''; + +IntegerLiteral: Integer IntegerSuffix?; +fragment Integer: BinaryInteger | DecimalInteger | HexadecimalInteger; +fragment IntegerSuffix: ('L' | 'u' | 'U' | 'Lu' | 'LU' | 'uL' | 'UL'); +fragment DecimalInteger: DecimalDigit (DecimalDigit | '_')*; +fragment BinaryInteger: ('0b' | '0B') BinDigit (BinDigit | '_')*; +fragment HexadecimalInteger: ('0x' | '0X') HexDigit (HexDigit | '_')*; + +FloatLiteral: (Float FloatSuffix?) | (Integer (FloatSuffix | RealSuffix)? ImaginarySuffix); +fragment Float: DecimalFloat | HexFloat; +fragment DecimalFloat: (DecimalInteger '.' DecimalDigit*); +fragment DecimalExponent: ('e' | 'E' | 'e+' | 'E+' | 'e-' | 'E-') DecimalInteger; +fragment FloatSuffix: 'F' | 'f'; +fragment RealSuffix: 'L'; +fragment ImaginarySuffix: 'i'; +fragment HexFloat: ('0x' | '0X') ((HexDigit (HexDigit | '_')* '.' HexDigit (HexDigit | '_')*) | ('.' HexDigit (HexDigit | '_')*) | (HexDigit (HexDigit | '_')*)) HexExponent; +fragment HexExponent: ('p' | 'P' | 'p+' | 'P+' | 'p-' | 'P-') DecimalDigit (DecimalDigit | '_')*; + +SpecialTokenSequence: ('#line' IntegerLiteral ('"' Character+ '"')? EndOfLine) -> skip; + +module: moduleDeclaration? declarations + ; + +moduleDeclaration: 'module' identifierChain ';' + ; + +importDeclaration: 'static'? 'import' importList ';' + ; + +importList: singleImport (',' importList)? + | importBindings + ; + +singleImport: identifierChain + | Identifier '=' identifierChain + ; + +importBindings: singleImport ':' importbindlist + ; + +importbindlist: importBind (',' importbindlist)? + ; + +importBind: Identifier ('=' Identifier)? + ; + +declarationsAndStatements: (declaration | statement) declarationsAndStatements? + ; + +declarations: declaration declarations? + ; + +declaration: attributeddeclaration + | importDeclaration + | functionDeclaration + | functionTemplateDeclaration + | variableDeclaration + | aliasThisDeclaration + | structDeclaration + | structTemplateDeclaration + | classDeclaration + | classTemplateDeclaration + | interfaceDeclaration + | interfaceTemplateDeclaration + | unionDeclaration + | unionTemplateDeclaration + | aliasDeclaration + | mixinDeclaration + | unittest + | templateDeclaration + | staticConstructor + | staticDestructor + | sharedStaticDestructor + | sharedStaticConstructor + ; + +templateParameters: '(' templateParameterList? ')' + ; + +constraint: 'if' '(' expression ')' + ; + +aliasThisDeclaration: 'alias' Identifier 'this' ';' + ; + +structDeclaration: 'struct' Identifier structBody + | 'struct' Identifier ';' + ; + +structTemplateDeclaration: 'struct' Identifier templateParameters structBody + ; + +structBody: '{' declarations '}' + ; + +classDeclaration: 'class' Identifier (':' identifierList )? classBody + ; + +classTemplateDeclaration: 'class' Identifier templateParameters classBody + ; + +classBody: '{' classbodydeclarations '}' + ; + +classbodydeclarations: classBodyDeclaration classbodydeclarations? + ; + +classBodyDeclaration: declaration + | invariant + ; + +statement: ';' + | nonemptystatement + ; + +interfaceDeclaration: 'interface' Identifier (':' identifierList)? structBody + ; + +interfaceTemplateDeclaration: 'interface' Identifier templateParameters constraint? (':' identifierList)? structBody + ; + +unionDeclaration: 'union' Identifier (structBody | ';') + ; + +unionTemplateDeclaration: 'union' Identifier parameters constraint? structBody + ; + +nonemptystatement: nonEmptyStatementNoCaseNoDefault + | caseStatement + | caseRangeStatement + | defaultStatement + ; + +nonEmptyStatementNoCaseNoDefault: labeledStatement + | assignstatement + | ifStatement + | whileStatement + | doStatement + | forStatement + | foreachStatement + | switchStatement + | finalSwitchStatement + | continueStatement + | breakStatement + | returnStatement + | gotoStatement + | withStatement + | synchronizedStatement + | tryStatement + | throwStatement + | scopeGuardStatement + | asmStatement + | pragmaStatement + | foreachRangeStatement + | conditionalStatement + | staticAssert + | templateMixinStatement + | versionSpecification + | debugSpecification + | functionCallStatement + | deleteStatement + ; + +labeledStatement: Identifier ':' statement + ; + +returnStatement: 'return' expression? ';' + ; + +switchStatement: 'switch' '(' expression ')' blockstatement + ; + +finalSwitchStatement: 'final' switchStatement + ; + +caseStatement: 'case' argumentList ':' statementListNoCaseNoDefault + ; + +caseRangeStatement: 'case' assignExpression ':' '...' 'case' assignExpression ':' statementListNoCaseNoDefault + ; + +defaultStatement: 'default' ':' statementListNoCaseNoDefault + ; + +statementListNoCaseNoDefault: statementNoCaseNoDefault statementListNoCaseNoDefault? + ; + +statementNoCaseNoDefault: ';' + | nonEmptyStatementNoCaseNoDefault + ; + +continueStatement: 'continue' Identifier? ';' + ; + +breakStatement: 'break' Identifier? ';' + ; + +gotoStatement: 'goto' Identifier ';' + ; + +withStatement: 'with' '(' (expression | symbol | templateInstance) ')' nonEmptyStatementNoCaseNoDefault + ; + +synchronizedStatement: 'synchronized' nonEmptyStatementNoCaseNoDefault + | 'synchronized' '(' expression ')' nonEmptyStatementNoCaseNoDefault + ; + +tryStatement: 'try' nonEmptyStatementNoCaseNoDefault (catches | catches finally_ | finally_) + ; + +catches: lastcatch + | catch_ catches? + ; + +lastcatch: 'catch' nonEmptyStatementNoCaseNoDefault + ; + +catch_: 'catch' '(' type Identifier ')' nonEmptyStatementNoCaseNoDefault + ; + +finally_: 'finally' nonEmptyStatementNoCaseNoDefault + ; + +throwStatement: 'throw' expression ';' + ; + +scopeGuardStatement: 'scope' '(' Identifier ')' nonEmptyStatementNoCaseNoDefault + ; + +asmStatement: 'asm' '{' asminstructions '}' + ; + +asminstructions: asminstruction asminstructions? + ; + +asminstruction: Identifier + | 'align' IntegerLiteral + | 'align' Identifier + | Identifier ':' asminstruction + | Identifier operands + | opcode operands + ; + +operands: operand operands? + ; + +register: Identifier + | Identifier '(' IntegerLiteral ')' + ; + +opcode: Identifier + ; + +operand: asmexp + ; + +asmexp: asmlogorexp + | asmlogorexp '?' asmexp ':' asmexp + ; + +asmlogorexp: asmlogandexp + | asmlogandexp '||' asmlogandexp + ; + +asmlogandexp: asmorexp + | asmorexp '&&' asmorexp + ; + +asmorexp: asmxorexp + | asmxorexp '|' asmxorexp + ; + +asmxorexp: asmandexp + | asmandexp '^' asmandexp + ; + +asmandexp: asmequalexp + | asmequalexp '&' asmequalexp + ; + +asmequalexp: asmrelexp + | asmrelexp '==' asmrelexp + | asmrelexp '!=' asmrelexp + ; + +asmrelexp: asmshiftexp + | asmshiftexp '<' asmshiftexp + | asmshiftexp '<=' asmshiftexp + | asmshiftexp '>' asmshiftexp + | asmshiftexp '>=' asmshiftexp + ; + +asmshiftexp: asmaddexp + | asmaddexp '<<' asmaddexp + | asmaddexp '>>' asmaddexp + | asmaddexp '>>>' asmaddexp + ; + +asmaddexp: asmmulexp + | asmmulexp '+' asmmulexp + | asmmulexp '-' asmmulexp + ; + +asmmulexp: asmbrexp + | asmbrexp '*' asmbrexp + | asmbrexp '/' asmbrexp + | asmbrexp '%' asmbrexp + ; + +asmbrexp: asmunaexp + | asmbrexp '[' asmexp ']' + ; + +asmunaexp: asmtypeprefix asmexp + | Identifier asmexp + | '+' asmunaexp + | '-' asmunaexp + | '!' asmunaexp + | '~' asmunaexp + | asmprimaryexp + ; + +asmprimaryexp: IntegerLiteral + | FloatLiteral + | '$' + | register + | identifierChain + ; + +asmtypeprefix: Identifier Identifier + | 'byte' Identifier + | 'short' Identifier + | 'int' Identifier + | 'float' Identifier + | 'double' Identifier + | 'real' Identifier + ; + +pragmaStatement: pragma ';' + ; + +pragma: 'pragma' '(' Identifier (',' argumentList)? ')' + ; + +foreachRangeStatement: 'foreach' '(' foreachType ';' expression '..' expression ')' nonEmptyStatementNoCaseNoDefault + ; + +conditionalStatement: compileCondition nonEmptyStatementNoCaseNoDefault + | compileCondition nonEmptyStatementNoCaseNoDefault 'else' nonEmptyStatementNoCaseNoDefault + ; + +compileCondition: versionCondition + | debugCondition + | staticIfCondition + ; + +versionCondition: 'version' '(' IntegerLiteral ')' + | 'version' '(' Identifier ')' + | 'version' '(' 'unittest' ')' + | 'version' '(' 'assert' ')' + ; + +versionSpecification: 'version' '=' Identifier ';' + | 'version' '=' IntegerLiteral ';' + ; + +castExpression: 'cast' '(' type ')' unaryExpression + | 'cast' '(' castQualifier ')' unaryExpression + | 'cast' '(' ')' unaryExpression + ; + +castQualifier: 'const' + | 'const' 'shared' + | 'shared' 'const' + | 'inout' + | 'inout' 'shared' + | 'shared' 'inout' + | 'immutable' + | 'shared' + ; + +debugCondition: 'debug' + | 'debug' '(' IntegerLiteral ')' + | 'debug' '(' Identifier ')' + ; + +debugSpecification: 'debug' '=' Identifier ';' + | 'debug' '=' IntegerLiteral ';' + ; + +staticIfCondition: 'static' 'if' '(' assignExpression ')' + ; + +staticAssert: 'static' 'assert' '(' assignExpression (',' assignExpression)? ')' ';' + ; + +templateMixinStatement: 'mixin' mixinTemplateName (templateArguments | Identifier | templateArguments Identifier) ';' + ; + +mixinTemplateName: '.' qualifiedIdentifierChain + | qualifiedIdentifierChain + | typeof '.' qualifiedIdentifierChain + ; + +qualifiedIdentifierChain: Identifier + | Identifier '.' qualifiedIdentifierChain + | templateInstance '.' qualifiedIdentifierChain + ; + +functionCallStatement: functionCallExpression ';' + ; + +deleteStatement: deleteExpression ';' + ; + +assignstatement: unaryExpression assignoperator assignExpression ';' + | preIncDecExpression ';' + | postIncDecExpression ';' + ; + +ifStatement: 'if' '(' expression ')' statement ('else' statement)? + ; + +forStatement: 'for' '(' initialize expression ';' expression ')' statement + | 'for' '(' initialize ';' expression ')' statement + ; + +initialize: ';' + | nonemptystatement + ; + +foreachStatement: ('foreach' | 'foreach_reverse') '(' foreachTypeList ';' expression ')' nonEmptyStatementNoCaseNoDefault + ; + +foreachTypeList: foreachType + | foreachType ',' foreachTypeList + ; + +foreachType: 'ref'? type? Identifier + ; + +expression: assignExpression + | assignExpression ',' expression + ; + +identifierOrTemplateInstance: Identifier + | templateInstance + ; + +templateInstance: Identifier '!' (Identifier | '(' identifierList? ')') + ; + +unaryExpression: '&' unaryExpression + | '!' unaryExpression + | '*' unaryExpression + | '+' unaryExpression + | '-' unaryExpression + | '~' unaryExpression + | preIncDecExpression + | newExpression + | deleteExpression + | castExpression + | primaryExpression + | postIncDecExpression + | unaryExpression '[' ']' + | unaryExpression '[' argumentList ']' + | unaryExpression '[' assignExpression '..' assignExpression ']' + | unaryExpression '.' identifierOrTemplateInstance + ; + +powExpression: unaryExpression + | unaryExpression '^^' powExpression + ; + +postIncDecExpression: unaryExpression ('++' | '--') + ; + +preIncDecExpression: ('++' | '--') unaryExpression + ; + +primaryExpression: identifierOrTemplateInstance + | '.' identifierOrTemplateInstance + | type '.' Identifier + | typeofExpression + | typeidExpression + | 'this' + | 'super' + | 'null' + | 'true' + | 'false' + | '__file__' + | '__module__' + | '__line__' + | '__FUNCTION__' + | '__PRETTY_FUNCTION__' + | IntegerLiteral + | FloatLiteral + | StringLiteral + | CharacterLiteral + | arrayLiteral + | assocArrayLiteral + | '(' expression ')' + | isExpression + | lambdaExpression + | traitsExpression + ; + +typeofExpression: 'typeof' '(' (expression | 'return') ')' + ; + +typeidExpression: 'typeid' '(' type ')' + | 'typeid' '(' expression ')' + ; + +isExpression: 'is' '(' type ')' + | 'is' '(' type (':' | '==') typeSpecialization (',' templateParameterList)? ')' + | 'is' '(' type Identifier ')' + | 'is' '(' type Identifier (':' | '==') typeSpecialization (',' templateParameterList)? ')' + ; + +templateParameterList: templateParameter + | templateParameter ',' + | templateParameter ',' templateParameterList + ; + +templateParameter: templateTypeParameter + | templateValueParameter + | templateAliasParameter + | templateTupleParameter + | templateThisParameter + ; + +templateTypeParameter: Identifier templateTypeParameterSpecialization? templateTypeParameterDefault? + ; + +templateTypeParameterSpecialization: ':' type + ; + +templateTypeParameterDefault: '=' type + ; + +templateValueParameter: type Identifier templateValueParameterSpecialization? templateValueParameterDefault? + ; + +templateValueParameterSpecialization: ':' expression + ; + +templateValueParameterDefault: '=' ('__file__' | '__module__' | '__line__' | '__FUNCTION__' | '__PRETTY_FUNCTION__' | assignExpression) + ; + +templateAliasParameter: 'alias' type? Identifier templatealiasparameterspecialization? templatealiasparameterdefault? + ; + +templatealiasparameterspecialization: ':' (type | expression) + ; + +templatealiasparameterdefault: '=' (type | expression) + ; + +templateTupleParameter: Identifier '...' + ; + +templateThisParameter: 'this' templateTypeParameter + ; + +typeSpecialization: type + | 'struct' + | 'union' + | 'class' + | 'interface' + | 'enum' + | 'function' + | 'delegate' + | 'super' + | 'const' + | 'immutable' + | 'inout' + | 'shared' + | 'return' + | '__parameters' + ; + +templateArguments: '!' ('(' templateArgumentList? ')' | templateSingleArgument) + ; + +templateArgumentList: templateArgument + | templateArgument ',' + | templateArgument ',' templateArgumentList + ; + +templateArgument: type + | assignExpression + | symbol + ; + +symbol: '.'? symbolTail + ; + +symbolTail: identifierOrTemplateInstance ('.' symbolTail)? + ; + +templateSingleArgument: Identifier + | builtinType + | CharacterLiteral + | StringLiteral + | IntegerLiteral + | FloatLiteral + | 'true' + | 'false' + | 'null' + | 'this' + | '__FILE__' + | '__MODULE__' + | '__LINE__' + | '__FUNCTION__' + | '__PRETTY_FUNCTION__' + ; + +functionCallExpression: unaryExpression arguments + ; + +arguments: '(' argumentList? ')' + ; + +argumentList: assignExpression (',' argumentList?)? + ; + +newExpression: 'new' type ('[' assignExpression ']' | arguments | ) + | newanonclassexpression + ; + +newanonclassexpression: 'new' arguments? 'class' arguments? Identifier identifierList? classBody + ; + +deleteExpression: 'delete' unaryExpression + ; + +ternaryexpression: ororexpression '?' expression ':' conditionalexpression + ; + +assignExpression: conditionalexpression + | conditionalexpression assignoperator assignExpression + ; + +conditionalexpression: ororexpression + | ternaryexpression + ; + +ororexpression: andandexpression + | ororexpression '||' andandexpression + ; + +andandexpression: orexpression + | cmpexpression + | andandexpression '&&' (orexpression | cmpexpression) + ; + +orexpression: xorexpression + | orexpression '|' xorexpression + ; + +xorexpression: andexpression + | xorexpression '^' andexpression + ; + +andexpression: shiftexpression + | andexpression '&' shiftexpression + ; + +cmpexpression: shiftexpression + | equalexpression + | identityexpression + | relexpression + | inexpression + ; + +equalexpression: shiftexpression ('==' | '!=') shiftexpression; + +identityexpression: shiftexpression ('is' | '!is') shiftexpression; + +relexpression: shiftexpression reloperator shiftexpression; + +inexpression: shiftexpression ('in' | '!in') shiftexpression; + +shiftexpression: addexpression + | shiftexpression ('<<' | '>>' | '>>>') addexpression; + +addexpression: mulexpression + | addexpression ('+' | '-') mulexpression + | catexpression; + +catexpression: mulexpression '~' mulexpression; + +mulexpression: unaryExpression + | mulexpression ('*' | '/' | '%') unaryExpression; + +assignoperator: '=' + | '>>>=' + | '>>=' + | '<<=' + | '+=' + | '-=' + | '*=' + | '%=' + | '&=' + | '/=' + | '|=' + | '^^=' + | '^=' + | '~=' + ; + +reloperator: '<' + | '<=' + | '>' + | '>=' + | '!<>=' + | '!<>' + | '<>' + | '<>=' + | '!>' + | '!>=' + | '!<' + | '!<=' + ; + +whileStatement: 'while' '(' expression ')' blockstatement + ; + +doStatement: 'do' blockstatement 'while' '(' expression ')' ';' + ; + +blockstatement: '{' declarationsAndStatements? '}' + ; + +functionDeclaration: type Identifier parameters (functionBody | ';') + ; + +functionTemplateDeclaration: type Identifier templateParameters parameters constraint? functionBody + ; + +type: type2 + | typectors type2 + ; + +type2: type3 typesuffix? + | type2 typesuffix + ; + +type3: builtinType + | '.' identifierChain + | identifierChain + | typeof + | typeof '.' identifierChain + | 'const' '(' type ')' + | 'immutable' '(' type ')' + | 'shared' '(' type ')' + | 'inout' '(' type ')' + | 'delegate' parameters memberfunctionattributes? + | 'function' parameters memberfunctionattributes? + ; + +typesuffix: '*' + | '[' ']' + | '[' type ']' + | '[' assignExpression ']' + ; + +builtinType: 'bool' + | 'byte' + | 'ubyte' + | 'short' + | 'ushort' + | 'int' + | 'uint' + | 'long' + | 'ulong' + | 'char' + | 'wchar' + | 'dchar' + | 'float' + | 'double' + | 'real' + | 'ifloat' + | 'idouble' + | 'ireal' + | 'cfloat' + | 'cdouble' + | 'creal' + | 'void' + ; + +typectors: typector typectors? + ; + +typector: 'const' + | 'immutable' + | 'inout' + | 'shared' + ; + +typeof: 'typeof' '(' (expression | 'return') ')' + ; + +parameters: '(' parameterlist? ')' + ; + +parameterlist: parameter (',' parameterlist)? + | '...' + ; + +parameter: parameterAttribute? type ('...' | (Identifier ('=' defaultInitializerExpression)?))? + ; + +defaultInitializerExpression: assignExpression + | '__file__' + | '__module__' + | '__line__' + | '__FUNCTION__' + | '__PRETTY_FUNCTION__' + ; + +parameterAttribute: 'auto' + | 'final' + | 'in' + | 'lazy' + | 'out' + | 'ref' + | 'scope' + | typector + ; + +functionattribute: 'nothrow' + | 'pure' + | atAttribute + ; + +memberfunctionattribute: 'const' + | 'immutable' + | 'inout' + | 'shared' + | functionattribute + ; + +memberfunctionattributes: memberfunctionattribute + | memberfunctionattribute memberfunctionattributes + ; + +functionBody: blockstatement + | bodystatement + | instatement bodystatement + | outstatement bodystatement + | instatement outstatement bodystatement + | outstatement instatement bodystatement + ; + +instatement: 'in' blockstatement + ; + +outstatement: 'out' blockstatement + | 'out' '(' Identifier ')' blockstatement + ; + +bodystatement: 'body' blockstatement + ; + +linkageattribute: 'extern' '(' Identifier ')' + | 'extern' '(' Identifier '++' ')' + ; + +aliasDeclaration: 'alias' aliasinitializerlist + ; + +aliasinitializerlist: aliasinitializer + | aliasinitializer ',' aliasinitializerlist + ; + +aliasinitializer: Identifier '=' type + ; + +variableDeclaration: type declarators ';' + ; + +declarators: declarator + | declarator ',' declarators + ; + +declarator: Identifier + | Identifier '=' initializer + ; + +mixinDeclaration: 'mixin' '(' assignExpression ')' ';' + ; + + +identifierList: Identifier + | Identifier ',' identifierList + ; + +identifierChain: Identifier + | Identifier '.' identifierChain + ; + +attributeddeclaration: attribute ':' + | attribute declaration + | attribute '{' declarations '}' + ; + +attribute: linkageattribute + | alignattribute + | pragma + | protectionAttribute + | 'deprecated' + | 'extern' + | 'final' + | 'synchronized' + | 'override' + | 'abstract' + | 'const' + | 'auto' + | 'scope' + | '__gshared' + | 'shared' + | 'immutable' + | 'inout' + | atAttribute + ; + +atAttribute: '@' Identifier + ; + +alignattribute: 'align' + | 'align' '(' IntegerLiteral ')' + ; + +protectionAttribute: 'private' + | 'package' + | 'protected' + | 'public' + | 'export' + ; + +traitsExpression: 'traits' '(' Identifier ',' traitsArguments ')' + ; + +traitsArguments: traitsArgument + | traitsArgument ',' traitsArguments + ; + +traitsArgument: assignExpression + | type + ; + +unittest: 'unittest' blockstatement + ; + +templateDeclaration: 'template' Identifier templateParameters '{' declarations '}' + | 'template' Identifier templateParameters constraint '{' declarations '}' + ; + +staticConstructor: 'static' 'this' '(' ')' functionBody + ; + +staticDestructor: 'static' '~' 'this' '(' ')' functionBody + ; + +sharedStaticDestructor: 'shared' 'static' 'this' '(' ')' functionBody + ; + +sharedStaticConstructor: 'shared' 'static' '~' 'this' '(' ')' functionBody + ; + +invariant: 'invariant' '(' ')' blockstatement + ; + +arrayinitializer: '[' ']' + | '[' arraymemberinitializations ']' + ; + +arraymemberinitializations: arraymemberinitialization + | arraymemberinitialization ',' + | arraymemberinitialization ',' arraymemberinitializations + ; + +arraymemberinitialization: nonvoidinitializer + | assignExpression ':' nonvoidinitializer + ; + +initializer: voidinitializer + | nonvoidinitializer + ; + +voidinitializer: 'void' + ; + +nonvoidinitializer: assignExpression + | arrayinitializer + | structinitializer + ; + +structinitializer: '{' '}' + | '{' structmemberinitializers '}' + ; + +structmemberinitializers: structmemberinitializer + | structmemberinitializer ',' + | structmemberinitializer ',' structmemberinitializers + ; + +structmemberinitializer: nonvoidinitializer + | Identifier ':' nonvoidinitializer + ; + +lambdaExpression: Identifier '=>' assignExpression + | parameters '=>' assignExpression + | parameters functionattribute '=>' assignExpression + ; + +arrayLiteral: '[' argumentList ']' + ; + +assocArrayLiteral: '[' keyValuePairs ']' + ; + +keyValuePairs: keyValuePair + | keyValuePair ',' keyValuePairs + ; + +keyValuePair: assignExpression ':' assignExpression + ;