commit bae6c26fbf85ef95d24911ab1a114437eac30e31
Author: Alexander Zhirov <alexander@zhirov.kz>
Date: Mon Mar 24 21:08:30 2025 +0300
init
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b2cea0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+.dub
+docs.json
+__dummy.html
+docs/
+/singlang
+singlang.so
+singlang.dylib
+singlang.dll
+singlang.a
+singlang.lib
+singlang-test-*
+*.exe
+*.pdb
+*.o
+*.obj
+*.lst
+build/
+messages.pot
+.preload/
+run.sh
+.vscode/
diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d159169
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+ GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+ Version 2, June 1991
+
+ Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+ 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
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+
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diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af50308
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+# Singlang - Lightweight Internationalization (i18n) Library for D
+
+## Description
+
+`singlang` integrates GNU Gettext for translations. The module features a singleton `Singlang` class for configuration and a convenient `_()` function for translating messages.
+
+## Installation
+
+To use `singlang` in your D project, add it as a dependency in your `dub.json` or `dub.sdl` file:
+
+### dub.json
+```json
+{
+ "dependencies": {
+ "singlang": "~>0.1.0"
+ }
+}
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+### Initializing the Translation System
+
+Before translating messages, you must initialize the `Singlang` class with a domain name and a directory containing translation files (`.mo`):
+
+```d
+import singlang;
+
+void main() {
+ if (Singlang.set("myapp", "/usr/local/share/locale")) {
+ writeln("Translation system ready!");
+ } else {
+ writeln("Setup failed, check stderr for details!");
+ }
+}
+```
+
+- `domain`: The name of your application or translation domain.
+- `localeDir`: The path to the directory containing your `.mo` translation files.
+
+### Translating Messages
+
+Use the `_()` function to translate messages:
+
+```d
+writeln(_("Hello, world!")); // Outputs the translated version of "Hello, world!" if available
+writeln(_("Error: File not found")); // Outputs translated text or original if unavailable
+```
+
+If the system is not initialized or a translation is unavailable, the original message is returned.
+
+## Localization and Build Mechanisms
+
+This project includes mechanisms to customize localization environments and automate translation workflows, located in the `preload` and `scripts` directories. Below is a detailed overview of their structure, purpose, and how to leverage them effectively in your project.
+
+### `preload` Directory
+
+The `preload` directory provides tools to intercept and customize the `bindtextdomain` function from the GNU Gettext library, allowing you to redirect the path to localization files.
+
+#### Structure
+
+```
+preload
+├── build.sh
+└── override_bindtextdomain.c
+```
+
+#### Files
+
+##### `build.sh`
+
+- **Purpose**: Compiles a shared library, `liboverride_bindtextdomain.so`, which intercepts the `bindtextdomain` function to customize localization paths.
+- **Usage**:
+ ```bash
+ ./preload/build.sh <program_name>
+ ```
+ Replace `<program_name>` with the name of your program (e.g., `myapp`).
+- **How It Works**:
+ Compiles `override_bindtextdomain.c` into a shared library, `.preload/liboverride_bindtextdomain.so`, defining `PNAME` as a macro.
+- **Output**: Generates `.preload/liboverride_bindtextdomain.so`, which can be preloaded with `LD_PRELOAD` to override `bindtextdomain` behavior.
+
+##### `override_bindtextdomain.c`
+
+- **Purpose**: A C source file that intercepts calls to `bindtextdomain` and redirects the localization path to `build/usr/share/locale` for a specified program name (`PNAME`).
+- **How It Works**: Checks if the `domainname` matches the predefined `PNAME` (set during compilation). If matched, redirects the localization path to `build/usr/share/locale`.
+- **Requirements**: The `PNAME` macro must be defined during compilation (via `build.sh`); if undefined, it exits with an error.
+- **Use Case**: Ideal for projects needing to override default localization paths without modifying the core application code.
+
+### `scripts` Directory
+
+The `scripts` directory contains utilities to streamline translation file management, including compiling `.mo` files and generating/updating `.po` files.
+
+#### Structure
+
+```
+scripts
+├── compile_mo.sh
+└── generate_translations.sh
+```
+
+#### Files
+
+##### `generate_translations.sh`
+
+- **Purpose**: Automates the creation and updating of `.po` translation files based on D source code in the `source/` directory.
+- **Usage**:
+ ```bash
+ ./scripts/generate_translations.sh [language]
+ ```
+ Replace `[language]` with an optional language code (e.g., `ru` or `en`). If omitted, processes `ru` and `en` by default. For help:
+ ```bash
+ ./scripts/generate_translations.sh --help
+ ```
+- **How It Works**:
+ 1. Checks for `.d` files in `source/`.
+ 2. Generates or updates `translations/messages.pot` using `xgettext` to extract translatable strings (marked with `_`).
+ 3. For each language:
+ - Creates a new `.po` file with `msginit` if it doesn’t exist.
+ - Updates existing `.po` files with `msgmerge`, preserving prior translations.
+ 4. Deletes the temporary `.pot` file upon completion.
+- **Example**:
+ ```bash
+ ./scripts/generate_translations.sh ru
+ ```
+ Creates or updates `translations/ru.po`.
+- **Requirements**: GNU Gettext tools (`xgettext`, `msgmerge`, `msginit`).
+- **Output**: Fresh or updated `.po` files in `translations`, ready for translation and compilation into `.mo` files.
+
+##### `compile_mo.sh`
+
+- **Purpose**: Compiles `.po` files from the `translations` directory into `.mo` files and generates a `run.sh` script for launching the program with a chosen language.
+- **Usage**:
+ ```bash
+ ./scripts/compile_mo.sh <program_path>
+ ```
+ Replace <program_path> with the path to your program (e.g., `./build/usr/bin/myapp`).
+- **How It Works**:
+ 1. Compiles each `.po` file into an `.mo` file, placing them in `build/usr/share/locale/<lang>/LC_MESSAGES/<program_name>.mo`.
+ 2. Creates an executable `run.sh` script that:
+ - Accepts a language code (e.g., `ru` or `en`) as an argument.
+ - Validates the language against available `.po` files.
+ - Sets `LANG` and `LD_PRELOAD` environment variables to run the program with the selected localization.
+- **Example Launch**:
+ ```bash
+ ./run.sh ru
+ ```
+ Runs the program with Russian localization, preloading `.preload/liboverride_bindtextdomain.so`.
+- **Output**: Compiled `.mo` files and a `run.sh` script for easy, localized program execution.
+
+### Applying These Mechanisms in Your Project
+
+The `preload` mechanism allows overriding localization paths without altering the program’s source code.
+
+#### Integration Example with `dub.json`
+
+For seamless automation, integrate these mechanisms into your build process using the `"postBuildCommands"` field in `dub.json`, the configuration file for the DUB build tool.
+
+Add the following to your `dub.json`:
+
+```json
+{
+ "postBuildCommands": [
+ "bash scripts/compile_mo.sh <program_path>",
+ "bash preload/build.sh <program_name>"
+ ]
+}
+```
+
+Replace <program_path> with the path to your program (e.g., `./build/usr/bin/myapp`).
+Replace `<program_name>` with your program’s name (e.g., `myapp`).
+
+##### How It Works:
+1. **Build the Project**: Run `dub build` in your project’s root directory.
+2. **Post-Build Steps**:
+ - `bash scripts/compile_mo.sh ./build/usr/bin/myapp`:
+ - Compiles `.po` files into `.mo` files, storing them in `build/usr/share/locale/<lang>/LC_MESSAGES/myapp.mo`.
+ - Generates a `run.sh` script for launching `myapp` with a specified language.
+ - `bash preload/build.sh myapp`:
+ - Compiles `.preload/liboverride_bindtextdomain.so` with `PNAME` set to `myapp`.
+3. **Run the Program**:
+ ```bash
+ ./run.sh ru
+ ```
+ Launches `myapp` with Russian localization, leveraging the preloaded library.
diff --git a/dub.json b/dub.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0be1a8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dub.json
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+ "authors": [
+ "Alexander Zhirov"
+ ],
+ "copyright": "Copyright © 2025, Alexander Zhirov",
+ "description": "Integrates GNU Gettext for translations",
+ "license": "GPL-2.0",
+ "name": "singlang",
+ "targetType": "dynamicLibrary",
+ "targetName": "singlang",
+ "targetPath": "build/usr/lib",
+ "sourceFiles": ["source/singlang.d"],
+ "configurations": [
+ {
+ "name": "shared",
+ "targetType": "dynamicLibrary",
+ "targetName": "singlang",
+ "targetPath": "build/usr/lib",
+ "sourceFiles": ["source/singlang.d"]
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "static",
+ "targetType": "library",
+ "targetName": "singlang",
+ "targetPath": "build/usr/lib",
+ "sourceFiles": ["source/singlang.d"]
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "test",
+ "targetType": "executable",
+ "targetName": "test",
+ "targetPath": "build/usr/bin",
+ "sourcePaths": ["tests", "source"],
+ "postBuildCommands": [
+ "bash scripts/compile_mo.sh ./build/usr/bin/test",
+ "bash preload/build.sh test"
+ ]
+ }
+ ]
+}
diff --git a/dub.selections.json b/dub.selections.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..322586b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dub.selections.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+ "fileVersion": 1,
+ "versions": {
+ }
+}
diff --git a/preload/build.sh b/preload/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d0007f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/preload/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+if [ -z "$1" ]; then
+ echo "Error: please specify a value for PNAME"
+ exit 1
+fi
+
+mkdir -p .preload
+
+gcc -DPNAME="\"${1}\"" -shared -fPIC -o .preload/liboverride_bindtextdomain.so ./preload/override_bindtextdomain.c -ldl
+
+if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
+ echo "Library successfully compiled: liboverride_bindtextdomain.so"
+else
+ echo "Compilation error"
+ exit 1
+fi
diff --git a/preload/override_bindtextdomain.c b/preload/override_bindtextdomain.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d895647
--- /dev/null
+++ b/preload/override_bindtextdomain.c
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+typedef char* (*bindtextdomain_t)(const char* domainname, const char* dirname);
+
+char* bindtextdomain(const char* domainname, const char* dirname) {
+ static bindtextdomain_t original_bindtextdomain = NULL;
+ if (!original_bindtextdomain) {
+ original_bindtextdomain = (bindtextdomain_t)dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "bindtextdomain");
+ if (!original_bindtextdomain) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Error: failed to find bindtextdomain\n");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ }
+#ifndef PNAME
+ fprintf(stderr, "Error: PNAME is not defined. Please define PNAME during compilation.\n");
+ exit(1);
+#else
+ if (strcmp(domainname, PNAME) == 0) {
+ return original_bindtextdomain(domainname, "build/usr/share/locale");
+ }
+ return original_bindtextdomain(domainname, dirname);
+#endif
+}
diff --git a/scripts/compile_mo.sh b/scripts/compile_mo.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..aaf4574
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/compile_mo.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+TRANSLATIONS_DIR="translations"
+SYSTEM_LOCALE_DIR="build/usr/share/locale"
+
+# Проверка на наличие аргумента
+if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
+ echo "Error: Please specify program name as argument"
+ exit 1
+fi
+
+PROGRAM_PATH="$1"
+PROGRAM_NAME=`basename $PROGRAM_PATH`
+
+RED='\033[0;31m'
+GREEN='\033[0;32m'
+YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
+NC='\033[0m'
+
+compile_po_to_mo() {
+ local lang="$1"
+ local po_file="$TRANSLATIONS_DIR/${lang}.po"
+ local mo_dir="$SYSTEM_LOCALE_DIR/${lang}/LC_MESSAGES"
+ local mo_file="$mo_dir/$PROGRAM_NAME.mo"
+
+ if [ -f "$po_file" ]; then
+ echo -e "${GREEN}Compiling $mo_file...${NC}"
+ mkdir -p "$mo_dir"
+ msgfmt -o "$mo_file" "$po_file"
+ else
+ echo -e "${YELLOW}Warning: $po_file not found, skipping...${NC}"
+ fi
+}
+
+get_available_languages() {
+ ls -1 "$TRANSLATIONS_DIR"/*.po 2>/dev/null | sed "s|$TRANSLATIONS_DIR/||" | sed 's|\.po||' || echo ""
+}
+
+generate_run_script() {
+ echo -e "${GREEN}Generating run.sh...${NC}"
+ cat > run.sh << EOF
+#!/bin/bash
+
+if [ \$# -eq 0 ]; then
+ echo "Error: Please specify a language"
+ exit 1
+fi
+
+LANGUAGE=\$1
+LANG_DIR="translations"
+
+if [ ! -f "\$LANG_DIR/\$LANGUAGE.po" ]; then
+ echo "Error: Language '\$LANGUAGE' not supported. Available languages:"
+ ls -1 \$LANG_DIR/*.po | sed 's|.*/||;s|\.po||'
+ exit 1
+fi
+
+LANG="\${LANGUAGE}_\${LANGUAGE@U}.UTF-8"
+LD_PRELOAD=.preload/liboverride_bindtextdomain.so LANG="\$LANG" $PROGRAM_PATH
+EOF
+
+ chmod +x run.sh
+ echo -e "${GREEN}run.sh generated successfully${NC}"
+}
+
+main() {
+ if [ ! -d "$TRANSLATIONS_DIR" ]; then
+ echo -e "${RED}Error: $TRANSLATIONS_DIR directory not found${NC}"
+ exit 1
+ fi
+
+ echo -e "${GREEN}Starting MO files compilation...${NC}"
+ local languages=$(get_available_languages)
+
+ if [ -z "$languages" ]; then
+ echo -e "${YELLOW}Warning: No .po files found in $TRANSLATIONS_DIR${NC}"
+ else
+ for lang in $languages; do
+ compile_po_to_mo "$lang"
+ done
+ echo -e "${GREEN}MO files compiled successfully!${NC}"
+ fi
+
+ generate_run_script
+}
+
+main
diff --git a/scripts/generate_translations.sh b/scripts/generate_translations.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..497b214
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/generate_translations.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+TRANSLATIONS_DIR="translations"
+POT_FILE="$TRANSLATIONS_DIR/messages.pot"
+
+RED='\033[0;31m'
+GREEN='\033[0;32m'
+YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
+NC='\033[0m'
+
+show_help() {
+ # Определяем язык системы (берем первые два символа из LANG или LC_ALL)
+ SYS_LANG="${LC_ALL:-$LANG}"
+ SYS_LANG="${SYS_LANG:0:2}"
+
+ # По умолчанию английский, если язык не ru
+ if [ "$SYS_LANG" = "ru" ]; then
+ echo "Справка по скрипту"
+ echo "-----------------"
+ echo "Назначение:"
+ echo " Этот скрипт автоматизирует создание и обновление файлов переводов (.po)"
+ echo " для исходных файлов с расширением .d в директории source/."
+ echo ""
+ echo "Использование:"
+ echo " ./$(basename "$0") [язык]"
+ echo " ./$(basename "$0") [-h | --help]"
+ echo ""
+ echo "Параметры:"
+ echo " [язык] - Необязательный код языка (например, ru, en). Если не указан,"
+ echo " обрабатываются языки ru и en."
+ echo " -h, --help - Показать эту справку и выйти."
+ echo ""
+ echo "Описание работы:"
+ echo " 1. Проверяет наличие .d-файлов в source/."
+ echo " 2. Создаёт или обновляет POT-файл (translations/messages.pot) из .d-файлов."
+ echo " 3. Создаёт или обновляет .po-файлы для указанного языка (или ru и en по умолчанию)."
+ echo " 4. Удаляет временный POT-файл после завершения."
+ echo ""
+ echo "Примеры:"
+ echo " ./$(basename "$0") # Создать/обновить переводы для ru и en"
+ echo " ./$(basename "$0") ru # Создать/обновить перевод только для ru"
+ echo " ./$(basename "$0") -h # Показать эту справку"
+ echo ""
+ echo "Требования:"
+ echo " Установленные утилиты: xgettext, msgmerge, msginit (GNU Gettext)."
+ else
+ echo "Script Help"
+ echo "-----------"
+ echo "Purpose:"
+ echo " This script automates the creation and updating of translation files (.po)"
+ echo " for source files with the .d extension in the source/ directory."
+ echo ""
+ echo "Usage:"
+ echo " ./$(basename "$0") [language]"
+ echo " ./$(basename "$0") [-h | --help]"
+ echo ""
+ echo "Parameters:"
+ echo " [language] - Optional language code (e.g., ru, en). If not specified,"
+ echo " processes languages ru and en."
+ echo " -h, --help - Show this help and exit."
+ echo ""
+ echo "How it works:"
+ echo " 1. Checks for .d files in source/."
+ echo " 2. Creates or updates the POT file (translations/messages.pot) from .d files."
+ echo " 3. Creates or updates .po files for the specified language (or ru and en by default)."
+ echo " 4. Removes the temporary POT file after completion."
+ echo ""
+ echo "Examples:"
+ echo " ./$(basename "$0") # Create/update translations for ru and en"
+ echo " ./$(basename "$0") ru # Create/update translation only for ru"
+ echo " ./$(basename "$0") -h # Show this help"
+ echo ""
+ echo "Requirements:"
+ echo " Installed utilities: xgettext, msgmerge, msginit (GNU Gettext)."
+ fi
+ exit 0
+}
+
+check_source_files() {
+ if ! find source/ -name "*.d" | grep -q .; then
+ echo -e "${RED}Error: No .d files found in source/ or its subdirectories${NC}"
+ exit 1
+ fi
+}
+
+generate_pot_file() {
+ echo -e "${GREEN}Generating POT file from all .d files in source/ and subdirectories...${NC}"
+
+ if [ -f "$POT_FILE" ]; then
+ local temp_pot="$TRANSLATIONS_DIR/temp.pot"
+ find source/ -name "*.d" -exec xgettext --keyword=_ --language=C --from-code=UTF-8 -o "$temp_pot" {} +
+ msgmerge -U "$POT_FILE" "$temp_pot"
+ rm "$temp_pot"
+ else
+ find source/ -name "*.d" -exec xgettext --keyword=_ --language=C --from-code=UTF-8 -o "$POT_FILE" {} +
+ fi
+
+ if [ ! -f "$POT_FILE" ]; then
+ echo -e "${RED}Error: Failed to generate $POT_FILE${NC}"
+ exit 1
+ fi
+}
+
+process_language() {
+ local lang="$1"
+ local po_file="$TRANSLATIONS_DIR/${lang}.po"
+
+ if [ ! -f "$po_file" ]; then
+ echo -e "${GREEN}Creating $po_file...${NC}"
+ msginit -l "$lang" -i "$POT_FILE" -o "$po_file" --no-translator
+ sed -i 's/charset=ASCII/charset=UTF-8/' "$po_file"
+ else
+ echo -e "${YELLOW}Updating $po_file with existing translations preserved...${NC}"
+ msgmerge -U "$po_file" "$POT_FILE"
+ fi
+}
+
+main() {
+ if [ "$1" = "-h" ] || [ "$1" = "--help" ]; then
+ show_help
+ fi
+
+ mkdir -p "$TRANSLATIONS_DIR"
+ check_source_files
+ generate_pot_file
+
+ if [ $# -eq 1 ]; then
+ process_language "$1"
+ echo -e "${GREEN}PO file for language '$1' generated successfully!${NC}"
+ else
+ for lang in ru en; do
+ process_language "$lang"
+ done
+ echo -e "${GREEN}PO files generated successfully!${NC}"
+ fi
+
+ rm "$POT_FILE"
+}
+
+main "$@"
diff --git a/source/singlang.d b/source/singlang.d
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..082ee93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/singlang.d
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+/++
+ Module singlang - Lightweight internationalization (i18n) support for D programs.
+
+ Description:
+ This module integrates GNU Gettext for translations in D applications, using a singleton
+ `Singlang` class and a convenient `_()` function for message translation. Errors are
+ reported to stderr for proper error handling.
++/
+module singlang;
+
+import core.stdc.locale : setlocale, LC_ALL;
+import std.string : toStringz;
+import std.conv : to;
+import std.stdio : writeln, stderr;
+
+extern(C) {
+ char* bindtextdomain(const char* domainname, const char* dirname);
+ char* textdomain(const char* domainname);
+ char* gettext(const char* msgid);
+}
+
+/++
+ Class Singlang - Singleton manager for translation configuration.
+
+ Description:
+ The `Singlang` class encapsulates the setup and management of the GNU Gettext-based
+ translation system. It ensures that the translation environment is initialized only once
+ and provides a centralized configuration point for the domain and translation directory.
+
+ Usage Example:
+ ---
+ import singlang;
+
+ void main() {
+ if (Singlang.set("myapp", "/usr/share/locale")) {
+ writeln("Translation system ready!");
+ }
+ }
+ ---
++/
+class Singlang {
+private:
+ /++ Translation domain name used by GNU Gettext +/
+ string domain;
+
+ /++ Directory path containing translation files (.mo) +/
+ string localeDir;
+
+ /++ Singleton instance of the Singlang class +/
+ static Singlang instance;
+
+ /++
+ Private constructor for initializing a Singlang instance.
+
+ Params:
+ domain = The translation domain name
+ localeDir = Path to the directory with translation files
+
+ Note:
+ Accessible only internally; use `set` to create an instance.
+ +/
+ this(string domain, string localeDir) {
+ this.domain = domain;
+ this.localeDir = localeDir;
+ }
+
+public:
+ /++
+ Initializes the translation system with a domain and directory.
+
+ Description:
+ Configures the GNU Gettext environment by setting the translation directory and domain.
+ This method must be called before using the `_()` function for translations. Errors
+ are reported to stderr.
+
+ Params:
+ domain = Name of the translation domain (e.g., application name)
+ localeDir = Path to the directory with translation files (.mo)
+
+ Returns:
+ `true` on successful initialization, `false` if an error occurs
+
+ Notes:
+ - Attempting to initialize an already initialized instance will fail with an error message to stderr.
+ - Errors during directory or domain setup will reset the instance to null and log messages to stderr.
+
+ Example:
+ ---
+ if (Singlang.set("myapp", "/path/to/translations")) {
+ writeln("Ready to translate!");
+ } else {
+ writeln("Setup failed, check stderr for details!");
+ }
+ ---
+ +/
+ static bool set(string domain, string localeDir) {
+ if (instance !is null) {
+ stderr.writeln("Error: Singlang is already initialized");
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
+
+ instance = new Singlang(domain, localeDir);
+
+ if (bindtextdomain(domain.toStringz, localeDir.toStringz) is null) {
+ stderr.writeln("Error: Failed to set translations directory");
+ instance = null;
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ if (textdomain(domain.toStringz) is null) {
+ stderr.writeln("Error: Failed to set translations domain");
+ instance = null;
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ return true;
+ }
+}
+
+/++
+ Retrieves the translated version of a given message.
+
+ Description:
+ Translates a message using the configured `Singlang` instance. If the system is not
+ initialized, it returns the original message and logs an error to stderr.
+
+ Params:
+ msg = The message to translate (UTF-8 encoded)
+
+ Returns:
+ The translated string, or the original message if translation fails or system is uninitialized
+
+ Example:
+ ---
+ writeln(_("Error: File not found")); // Outputs translated text or original if unavailable
+ ---
++/
+string _(string msg) {
+ if (Singlang.instance is null) {
+ stderr.writeln("Error: Singlang module is not initialized");
+ return msg;
+ }
+ auto result = gettext(msg.toStringz);
+ return result !is null ? result.to!string : msg;
+}
diff --git a/tests/main.d b/tests/main.d
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1dc5cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/main.d
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+module main;
+
+import singlang;
+import shopping;
+import std.stdio : writeln;
+
+void main() {
+ if (!Singlang.set("test", "/usr/share/locale")) {
+ writeln("Failed to initialize translations");
+ return;
+ }
+
+ addItem(_("Milk"));
+ addItem(_("Bread"));
+ addItem(_("Eggs"));
+
+ printList();
+ printSummary();
+
+ removeItem(1);
+
+ writeln(_("After removing an item:"));
+ printList();
+ printSummary();
+
+ writeln(_("Happy shopping!"));
+}
diff --git a/tests/shopping.d b/tests/shopping.d
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a093205
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/shopping.d
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+module shopping;
+
+import singlang : _;
+import std.stdio : writeln;
+import std.array : empty;
+import std.conv : to;
+
+string[] items;
+
+void addItem(string item) {
+ items ~= item;
+}
+
+void removeItem(size_t index) {
+ if (index < items.length) {
+ items = items[0 .. index] ~ items[index + 1 .. $];
+ }
+}
+
+void printList() {
+ if (items.empty) {
+ writeln(_("Your shopping list is empty"));
+ return;
+ }
+ writeln(_("Shopping List:"));
+ foreach (i, item; items) {
+ writeln((i + 1).to!string ~ ". " ~ item);
+ }
+}
+
+size_t itemCount() {
+ return items.length;
+}
+
+void printSummary() {
+ writeln(_("Total items: ") ~ itemCount().to!string);
+}
diff --git a/translations/en.po b/translations/en.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75914d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/translations/en.po
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# English translations for PACKAGE package.
+# Copyright (C) 2025 THE PACKAGE'S COPYRIGHT HOLDER
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
+# Automatically generated, 2025.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-24 01:51+0300\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2025-03-24 01:41+0300\n"
+"Last-Translator: Automatically generated\n"
+"Language-Team: none\n"
+"Language: en\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+
+#: tests/shopping.d:22
+msgid "Your shopping list is empty"
+msgstr "Your shopping list is empty"
+
+#: tests/shopping.d:25
+msgid "Shopping List:"
+msgstr "Shopping List:"
+
+#: tests/shopping.d:36
+msgid "Total items: "
+msgstr "Total items: "
+
+#: tests/main.d:13
+msgid "Milk"
+msgstr "Milk"
+
+#: tests/main.d:14
+msgid "Bread"
+msgstr "Bread"
+
+#: tests/main.d:15
+msgid "Eggs"
+msgstr "Eggs"
+
+#: tests/main.d:22
+msgid "After removing an item:"
+msgstr "After removing an item:"
+
+#: tests/main.d:26
+msgid "Happy shopping!"
+msgstr "Happy shopping!"
diff --git a/translations/ru.po b/translations/ru.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04e8b3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/translations/ru.po
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# Russian translations for PACKAGE package.
+# Copyright (C) 2025 THE PACKAGE'S COPYRIGHT HOLDER
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
+# Automatically generated, 2025.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-24 01:51+0300\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2025-03-24 01:41+0300\n"
+"Last-Translator: Automatically generated\n"
+"Language-Team: none\n"
+"Language: ru\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && "
+"n%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
+
+#: tests/shopping.d:22
+msgid "Your shopping list is empty"
+msgstr "Ваш список покупок пуст"
+
+#: tests/shopping.d:25
+msgid "Shopping List:"
+msgstr "Список покупок:"
+
+#: tests/shopping.d:36
+msgid "Total items: "
+msgstr "Всего позиций: "
+
+#: tests/main.d:13
+msgid "Milk"
+msgstr "Молоко"
+
+#: tests/main.d:14
+msgid "Bread"
+msgstr "Хлеб"
+
+#: tests/main.d:15
+msgid "Eggs"
+msgstr "Яйца"
+
+#: tests/main.d:22
+msgid "After removing an item:"
+msgstr "После удаления позиции:"
+
+#: tests/main.d:26
+msgid "Happy shopping!"
+msgstr "Удачных покупок!"